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Template:Infobox Twitter account

As of June 2012, Justin Bieber's Twitter account (@justinbieber) is the second most popular Twitter account, after that of Lady Gaga. In September 2010, Bieber-related traffic was reported to account for three percent of all Twitter traffic, amounting to 180 million page views per month. Bieber-related topics were frequently trending topics on the service, and steps had to be taken by Twitter to preclude Bieber being a continually trending topic; Bieber fans have made various attempts to get around these steps, and Bieber-related topics still trend from time to time.

Twitter has been used as a marketing tool for Bieber-related products including his album and his movie. He announces his tours, concerts and songs on Twitter. When he appeared on The Today Show, fans made over 50,000 Tweets about it in a single hour. Marketers have used Bieber to help push their own brands to Bieber's Twitter audience. He was an early adopter of Instagram, Tweeting about it in July 2011. Bieber uses hashtags when Tweeting, and discusses a wide variety of subjects. The Twitter reach for Bieber-related topics is so large that Bieber's Twitter account was one of the single largest nodes for discussion about the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Bieber has attracted a number of celebrity fans. Ashton Kutcher first learned of Bieber through Twitter, and Charlie Sheen accidentally shared his phone number with the world while trying to send a direct message to Bieber. Bieber's fans have engaged in an effort to unseat Lady Gaga as the site's most popular account. There have also been some issues associated with Bieber on Twitter, including his fans on the service making death threats to women connected to Bieber. In another case, Bieber shared the phone number of a couple he was in a disagreement with on Twitter, which resulted in fans bombarding the couple with phone calls.

@justinbieber

Justin Bieber's official Twitter account is @justinbieber,. Alan Liu compares Bieber to a modern day geist as the "end of history is instantaneous simultaneity as world-concert." Bieber has been called a Twitter addict, following over 123,000 people as of June 2012. Almost all of the Tweets posted to @justinbieber come from Bieber, with the musician having made more than 10,000 tweets by October 2011 and sometimes posting twenty or more tweets a day.

Bieber joined on 28 March 2009, a month after his mother. His early tweets were on topics like record release announcements, collaborations he was involved with, and topping music charts. Bieber utilizes the tag #RandomTwitterHour in order to let his fans know he is making random comments. For a brief time in April 2011, Bieber quit Twitter. When Bieber makes a joke on Twitter about what he is doing, it often gets mistaken by people as the truth and ends up reported as true elsewhere. Author Mike Skinner in The Story of the Streets says that based on the Twitter metrics, "all roads lead to Justin Bieber."

Bieber Tweets on a broad range of subjects on Twitter, including the Arab Spring's Egyptian uprising that led the country's leaders to shut down the Internet, and his own appearances on television shows. He Tweeted about the Kony 2012 campaign in March and April 2012, and the death of Whitney Houston in February 2012. He posts about his travels, including an April 2010 trip to New Zealand where he went bungee jumping. For his 18th birthday, he requested his followers donate $18 to charity: water. His Tweets sometimes include spiritual references and how he can "pay it forward" in terms of his good fortune. One example of this is a Tweet from October 2009, when he Tweeted: "If you could give to any charity, what would it be?" He Tweeted against texting and driving in July 2011. At least once on Twitter, he expressed his frustration with those who hate him.

Bieber actively acknowledges his fans on Twitter, following back over 122,987 as of 24 April 2012 which allows fans to send him direct messages. A return follow is something highly coveted by his fans, with many fans knowing precisely when his account followed back. Bieber actively acknowledges his fans in other ways beyond following. His decisions regarding which followers to reTweet are, in his words, "kind of, like, it's random" and said the best way to get him to reTweet a message is "Luck and saying nice things. Just spam me." Most fans respond favorably when he reTweets their messages, or he replies to them, with his responses sometimes being life changing for his follower. Bieber's manager is also on Twitter and actively engages people interested in Bieber-related topics. The Atlantic said Bieber's usage of Twitter shows McLuhanesque fluency of the online landscape. After hitting the 6 million Twitter follower total in November 2010, Bieber gave a shout out to his followers, saying "6 MILLION OF THE GREATEST FANS ON EARTH ON TWITTER!!!! THANK U" Following this news being picked up, #6millionbeliebers became a trending topic on Twitter. When he passed the 11 million follower count in July 2011, he Tweeted "#11MillionBeliebers! I LOVE YOU ALL!! THANK YOU....tonight was already a fun great night and now it is even better. THANK U THANK U THANK U." Twitter is the best method for fans to personally get in touch with Bieber.

Twitter usage as a communication platform

In September 2010, Dustin Curtis, a Twitter employee, stated that Bieber accounted for three percent of all Twitter related traffic and that "racks of servers are dedicated" to Bieber. There were over 180 million page views for Justin Bieber-related material each month. For the year 2010, Stephen Colbert, Drake and Justin Bieber were the three most re-tweeted celebrities on the site. During a two month period in 2010, with 9.1 million Twitter users making 96.3 million total tweets, @justinbieber was the most mentioned account in the time period, with 279,622 total replies, almost 200,000 more than second place @nickjonas—who had 95,545 replies—and third place @addthis—which had 56,761. Academics at Dartmouth College found that from 16 October to 17 November 2009, Bieber's relative influence on Twitter was the greatest of all users and that it was continually increasing on a daily basis when compared to all other users on Twitter in the same time period.

Bieber-related topics were one of the most popular conversations on Twitter by November 2009. At the time trending topic launched as a feature on Twitter, Bieber dominated the list because his fans frequently discussed him on the network. Immediately following Bieber updating, sixty responses to him are posted a second. As a result, he was named the top trending star on Twitter in 2010. Twitter reconfigured their algorithm to make the topics more news based instead of topics that were frequently discussed; the company said this was unrelated to Bieber's continual presence on the list. Despite these reassurances, some Bieber fans were upset with Twitter and tried to manipulate the new algorithm by getting related words and misspellings connected to Bieber to trend, including the words Twieber and Jieber. He was regularly trending in April 2010. Bieber-related topics would continue to trend on Twitter, including MSG-ANNIVERSARY, Beliebers Love Jelena, and "Happy Birthday Pattie". In March 2011 the Bieber topic trended alongside the iPad and Charlie Sheen. His continued popularity can still be seen if a developer looks at the 50 most frequent tokens on Twitter. The Ad Age cover the phenomenon of Bieber trending in an article titled "On Twitter, Justin Bieber Is More Popular Than Jesus". Bieber-related content on Twitter can be so extensive that it makes it difficult to effectively monitor related subject content on the site.

Bieber used the popular Twitter and Facebook photo sharing application Instagram in July 2011. Bieber's use of Instagram to post pictures on Twitter helped drive a lot of traffic to the site, as he was getting 50 followers a minute on one of the first days he used the service. The resulting number of visitors as a result of Bieber's Twitter Instagram post of a car made it almost appear that Instagram was dealing with a denial-of-service attack. Bieber's tweets can drive online sales. SeatGeek saw increases after tweets, more when mentions by Bieber appeared to be organic in nature. Bieber was in an advertisement for Best Buy at a time when he had around 8 million followers. Following this advertisment airing, he tweeted about it to his followers. Black Entertainment Television worked with Bieber and six other celebrities to promote an awards event airing on their channel. They arranged it so Bieber and the others would leverage their popularity to bring additional attention to the event, by amongst other things, live tweeting the event. Spotify leveraged Bieber's brand by getting Bieber to offer invites to his followers. On the other hand, Justin Bieber: Oh Boy! suggests fan access to Bieber on Twitter may reduce fans' willingness to buy things like magazines which feature Bieber on their covers. On 16 March 2012, Bieber asked his Twitter followers for help with cover art for his next album, selecting between two images. Votes would be made by fans by using different hash tags for each image, #JBboyfriend1 and #JBboyfriend2.

Bieber used social media outlets including Twitter early in his career. In December 2010 when Nielsen launched their Social 50 chart, a measure of artist popularity on sites like Facebook, Twitter and Myspace, Bieber debuted at number two. The size of his following is used as a barometer of success for artists like Conor Maynard. Bieber and Lady Gaga are cited as examples for positive, authentic Twitter interaction, which their fans appreciate, although a 2011 survey found that 8.3% of tweets mentioning "bieber" were semi-automated and probably Twitter related spam. Paramount Pictures utilised Twitter and the hashtag #NSNweekend to market Justin Bieber: Never Say Never to his fans on Twitter. His best friend wore a shirt promoting Bieber's Twitter account in his music video, "One Time." Bieber's successful usage of social media, specifically Twitter, is something potential songwriters and performers are encouraged to model as a way to get discovered. Bieber's manager, Scooter Braun, was a speaker at TechCrunch's Disrupt 2010 conference, where he talked about Bieber's use of Twitter in terms of marketing Bieber. Research done about Twitter and the 2011 Egyptian revolution includes Bieber as he made tweets about the topic at a time when he had roughly 8 million followers. His multiple tweets resulted in 32,000 responses each, which made Bieber's Twitter account one of the single largest nodes for discussion about the uprising.

Followers and fans

Bieber has one of the largest celebrity Twitter follower counts on the service, second only to Lady Gaga's, though at one point Britney Spears's Twitter account was more popular than his. The Atlantic has compared Bieber's followers to an army and All Things Considered noted their power on Twitter in getting Bieber to the top of many online polls Bieber is listed on. He had a number of fans on the service by September 2009, and at the end of March 2010 he had 1,657,096 followers. In April 2010, he had 2 million followers. By 28 April 2010, he had 2.1 million followers; he had 2.5 million followers during May 2010 and ended the month with more than 2.7 followers. In August 2010, he had 4.5 million followers, trailing behind Lady Gaga, Britney Spears, Ashton Kutcher and Ellen DeGeneres, all of whom had over 5 million. In September 2010, he had over 5 million followers and by November 2010, he had 6 million followers, trailing Lady Gaga's then-total by a million. During parts of 2010, he was averaging 24,000 new followers a day. In February 2011, he had 7 million followers, and by 1 April 2011, Bieber had 8,500,907 followers, ahead of third-place Britney Spears, who had 7,289,958 followers. He cracked the 9 million mark by 24 April 2011, and the 10 million one by May 2011. By early July, 11 million followers, roughly a million less than Lady Gaga, were following Bieber. His 14 July total was 11,019,472 followers. He had 13.5 million followers in October 2011, and in November 2011, he had 15 million followers. He ended 2011 with 14,002,821 followers. On 29 January 2012, he had 16.5 million followers, having acquired many new followers at the start of the year. On 7 March 2012, he had 18.1 million followers, and by mid-March 2012, he had 18 million. By late March 2012, he had nearly 19 million followers. On 3 April 2012, he had 18.5 million followers. By mid-April 2012, he had over 20 million followers. In April 2012, he gained one new follower every other second. On 31 May 2012, when Lady Gaga hit the 25 million follower mark, Bieber had 22.9 million followers. Bieber has on occasion lost fans. Following a March 2011 story that he was planning to cut his hair, he lost around 80,000 fans.

Bieber has personally reached out to fans on Twitter using the site's direct messages. In April 2010, he sent a direct message to Abbie Byford to tell her how much he loved the Bieber site she maintained.

Some of the earliest Bieber-related content on Twitter appeared in 2007. One example of this content was posted that year by a user named Scooter sharing a video of Ne-Yo's "So Sick" being sung by Bieber. Fans of the musician use Twitter to keep up with his latest activities, and express their general love of him, with some followers being as young as thirteen years old. In March 2010, some of Bieber's followers talked about doing a Bieber April Fool's Joke where they would unfollow him, in homage to a similar joke Bieber pulled on his fans on YouTube.

With the personal no longer being political, Bieber on Twitter offers young women an outlet to express themselves in a way feminist Carol Gilligan once worried they would not have an opportunity to do: They can use Twitter and Bieber as a way to "tweet and blog their woes to the world." Bieber fans use the service to try to get his attention; in one instance, friends of 20-year old Hélène Campbell successfully got Bieber to Tweet about Campbell's need for an organ transplant. Bieber's Tweet said "@alungstory I got the word . . . You have amazing strength. I got u. #BeAnOrganDonor." Trillium, which normally gets an average of 50 registrations a day for organ donation, had 1,500 in response to the Tweet.

Bieber's Twitter followers frequently offer their support on Twitter. Following Bieber venting on Twitter about an incident in Israel when he was surrounded by paparazzi while trying to visit a church, thousands of fans made comments on Twitter, offering him positive advice and in a few cases making abusive comments about the photographers. They also offered support to him after he was attacked at Macy's.

For some people, including Ashton Kutcher, Twitter was their first introduction to Bieber; eventually, Bieber and Kutcher worked together on pranks. Celebrities like Joel Madden have been known to Tweet about meeting Bieber or seeing him live and in concert. Boxer David Haye Tweeted about having a training session with Bieber. During Bieber's November 2011 live performance on The Today Show, there were more than 50,000 mentions connecting the show and Bieber on Twitter each time the hour-long show aired in a different time zone. While the movie Justin Bieber: Never Say Never had an Internet Movie Database (IMDB) score of 1.1 out of a possible 10, people still wrote 25,000 Tweets about the movie. This compares to Inception, which earned an IMBD score of 8.9 and 167,000 Tweets were made about it.

In March 2012, Bieber fans wanted him to unseat Lady Gaga as the most popular celebrity on Twitter. Bieber's fans managed to make #OperationUnfollowGaga a trending topic on Twitter by mid-March. The campaign annoyed some Bieber fans and was not successful. Neither Bieber nor Lady Gaga discussed their fanbases' campaigns on Twitter.

Twitter mishaps and controversy

Bieber, along with other celebrities, has been the subject of false reports of his death on Twitter, including reports in 2011 that he felt obliged to respond to on Twitter to inform his followers he was alive. One false report of his death that Twitter users initially believed became a trending topic on the site. After he made a guest appearance on CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, actress Marg Helgenberger criticised his on-set behaviour on a French radio program. When news of this reached Bieber, he commented on Twitter to say "I know who i am and sometimes people r just going 2 say what they want. Keep ur head up and be the man ur mama raised. #killemwithkindness."

Actor Charlie Sheen attempted to send a direct message to Bieber, but failed and inadvertently revealed his phone number to all his Twitter followers in December 2011. As a result, Sheen needed to get a new number. Sheen's Tweet was named as one of the top ten Twitter faux pas of 2011 by The Daily Telegraph. Bieber fans were unhappy with comedian Jimmy Kimmel in January 2012 because Kimmel had copied Bieber's profile to his own. Some demanded Kimmel admit he did this and remove the profile. A few fans even went so far as to issue death threats to Kimmel. Kimmel responded to at least one fan, and Bieber also weighed in the situation to let his followers know he was in on the joke. In August 2010, a young American male cracked one of Justin Bieber's social media accounts and then posted about this feat online. In response, Bieber posted the cracker's home phone number to Bieber's own Twitter account, claiming the cracker's phone number was his own. Bieber's fans then bombarded the number with phone calls and more than 26,000 text messages that resulted in the young man's family incurring USD$25,000 in charges. Bieber made a Tweet in March 2012 that said "call me now" and included a phone number for a Texas couple. He subsequently deleted the Tweet, but it was viewed by his many followers in the interim. The couple were bombarded with phone calls, and threatened to sue Bieber for having made the Tweet.

In November 2009, Bieber was supposed to appear at Roosevelt Field Mall on Long Island but several thousand fans showed up and the police were required to be called in response to the unstable situation. The police requested that Bieber's manager, Scooter Braun calm the situation by informing fans the event was cancelled. Braun allegedly sent the requested Tweets within seven minutes but the police alleged it took him two hours and then charged Braun with reckless endangerment and criminal nuisance for failing to respond promptly.

Though Bieber's media representatives quickly denied a June 2011 report that Bieber had been attacked by someone named Tom Petterson, his fans took to Twitter to voice their outrage over the alleged attack and made a number of death threats. In October 2011, Mariah Yeater falsely accused Bieber of impregnating her, claiming he fathered her child. Bieber largely remained silent on the topic until he mentioned it on Twitter on 21 April 2012, saying "Dear mariah yeeter...we have never met...so from the heart i just wanted to say..." followed by a link to a YouTube video of Borat repeatedly saying “You will never get this”. His prior comment on the topic was in early November, when he said "All the rumors...the gossip....Im gonna focus on the positives....the music." Bieber's fans continued to be abusive towards Yeater as a result of the controversy. The discussion of Yeater on Twitter was large, and trended on Twitter for 12 hours at one point. Bieber fans threatened Yeater in response to the allegations. A riot started in November 2009 related to Justin Bieber, which resulted in James A. Roppo, attached to Bieber's record company, being arrested because he failed to post an update to Twitter to keep the 3,000 Bieber fans who came to a mall informed that a Bieber appearance had been canceled. Bieber fans on Twitter also issued death threats to Kim Kardashian in 2010 after the pair met at a White House related event. The negative attention resulted in Kardashian requesting Bieber intervene with his fans.

Notes

1. This article is about both Bieber as a topic on Twitter and Bieber's use of Twitter.
2. Twitter defines a direct message as "Also called a DM and most recently called simply a "message," these Tweets are private between the sender and recipient." Twitter for Dummies defines a a direct message as ""private messages sent to specific Twitter users in your network (abbreviated DMs)."
3. Twitter defines a follower as "another Twitter user who has followed you." Twitter goes on to to explain this, saying: "Followers are people who receive your Tweets. If someone follows you: They'll show up in your Followers list. They see your Tweets whenever they log in to Twitter. You can send them direct messages."
4. According to Braun, only one other person has access to Bieber's Twitter password and when some one else other than Bieber is Tweeting, it is made clear to Bieber's followers.
5. tweet is a verb, defined by Twitter as "The act of posting a message, often called a "Tweet", on Twitter."
6. Business Week defined a reTweet as "To repost something that's already in the Twitter stream. Usually preceeded by "RT" and "@," to give credit to the original poster." Twitter defines reTweet as a noun as "A Tweet by another user, forwarded to you by someone you follow. Often used to spread news or share valuable findings on Twitter." and a verb as "The act of forwarding another user's Tweet to all of your followers."
7. A number of other sources confirm this including newspapers, magazines and books:
8. Other sources support this though the numbers vary from 22 million to 22.5 million to 22.6 million to 22.9 million along with the date as either 31 May 2012 or 1 June 2012.

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