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List of states with limited recognition

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Several geo-political entities in the world have no general international recognition, but they are de facto sovereign states.

Most are subnational regions with an ethno-national identity of its own that have "broken off" (i.e. separated themselves) from their original parent state, and hence they are commonly referred to as "break-away" states. Some of these entities are in effect internally self-governing protectorates that enjoy military protection and informal diplomatic representation abroad through another state to prevent its forced reincorporation into its original state.

Partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory

United Nations member states that are only partially recognized by the totality of the other UN members are not listed here. (For example, 39 countries do not recognize Israel.)

  • Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) was set up in northern Cyprus in 1975, following the Turkish Action in 1974, in response to a coup d'etat by the Greek junta aiming at "enosis" (unification with Greece). The TRNC declared independence in 1983 and it is still recognised only by Turkey. A United Nations proposal to unify the two Cypriot states was accepted by the TRNC, but rejected in a referendum by the Greek Cypriot community. Further attempts at reunification have thus far been unsuccessful.

Unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory

  • Abkhazia Abkhazia in Georgia is a self-declared and more or less functioning independent state with no international recognition from any other nation. It is situated between the Caucasus and the Black Sea, recognized as a part of northwestern Georgia. After occupation of independent Georgia by Bolshevist Russia in 1921 Abkhazia was briefly formally separated from Georgia and during the Soviet period Abkhazia was merged back with Georgia in 1931 as an autonomous republic within Soviet Georgia. The Abkhazian Soviets proclaimed independence from Georgia in 1992, and a short war ensued from 1992 through 1994. A June 1994 ceasefire has largely held, leaving Abkhazia outside the control of Georgia's central government.
  • Somaliland Somaliland (since 1991) . Located in northwest Somalia. In May of 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes five of the eighteen administrative regions of Somalia, corresponding to British Somaliland which is located between Ethiopia, Djibouti, Puntland and the Gulf of Aden.
  • South Ossetia South Ossetia in Georgia is a self-declared and more or less functioning independent state with no international recognition from any other nation. After occupation of independent Georgia by Bolshevist Russia in 1921 it became the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within Soviet Georgia. It proclaimed independence from Georgia in 1991, and a ceasefire was declared in 1992.
  • Transnistria Transnistria (Pridnestrovie) is the part of Moldova east of the river Dniester and (since 1990) a self-declared and more or less functioning independent state with no international recognition from any sovereign state. It has a majority Slavic population, as opposed to majority Moldovan which Moldova has.
  • Republic of Artsakh Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan is (since 1991) a self-declared and more or less functioning independent state but is not recognised as independent. It is internationally recognized as being part of Azerbaijan, but has an ethnic-Armenian majority.

Partially recognized states largely under military occupation

Internationally administered territory

Historic unrecognized or partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory

Europe

Asia

Africa

Americas

Oceania

Historic unrecognized or partially recognized governments with de facto control over their territory

These regimes had control over the territory of a country for which most other states recognized a different government as being the legitimate government:

See also

External links

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