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Revision as of 19:25, 24 February 2013 by PreJhTrg (talk | contribs)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)Non-periodic comets (or long-period comets) are comets that do not have confirmed observations at more than one perihelion passage, and thus generally have orbital periods of 200 years or more. They include single-apparition comets that pass through the Inner Solar System only once. They are on unstable near-parabolic orbits that will not return to the vicinity of the Sun for hundreds, thousands, or even millions of years – if ever. (Some use the term non-periodic comet to refer exclusively to comets that will never return to the vicinity of the Sun.) Comets not expected to return to the inner Solar System include C/1980 E1, C/2000 U5, C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), C/2009 R1, C/1956 R1, and C/2007 F1 (LONEOS).
The official names of non-periodic comets begin with a "C"; comets that have been lost or disappeared have names that begin with a "D".
The following is a partial list of non-periodic comets that have appeared in the Solar System:
After 1910
| Comet | Discoverer(s) or Namesake, Date of discovery |
|---|---|
| Comet Arend–Roland (C/1956 R1, 1957 III, 1956h) | Arend and Roland, November 8, 1956 |
| C/1989 X1 (Austin) (1990 V, 1989c1) | Austin, December 6, 1989 |
| Comet Beljawsky (C/1911 S3, 1911 IV, 1911g) | Beljawsky, September 29, 1911 |
| Comet Bennett (C/1969 Y1, 1970 II, 1969i) | Bennett, December 28, 1969 |
| C/2007 W1 (Boattini) | Andrea Boattini, November 20, 2007 |
| C/1980 E1 (Bowell) | Edward L. G. Bowell, February 11, 1980. Most hyperbolic comet known. |
| Comet Bradfield (C/2004 F4) | Bradfield, April 12, 2004 |
| Comet Brooks (C/1911 O1, 1911 V, 1911c) | Brooks, July 21, 1911 |
| C/1999 F1 (Catalina) | Catalina Sky Survey, March 23, 1999 |
| Comet de Kock–Paraskevopoulos (C/1941 B2, 1941 IV, 1941c) | de Kock, January 15, 1941 and Paraskevopoulos, January 23, 1941 Independently discovered by 7 observers from South America. |
| Eclipse Comet (C/1948 V1, 1948 XI, 1948l) | First spotted during the Nairobi total solar eclipse of November 1, 1948 (magnitude about −2) |
| Comet Elenin (C/2010 X1) | Leonid Elenin, December 10, 2010 |
| Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1) | Hale and Bopp, July 23, 1995 one of only five comets known to have had a negative absolute magnitude (−2.7) |
| Comet Humason (C/1961 R1, 1962 VIII, 1961e) | Humason, September 1, 1961 |
| Comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2) | Hyakutake, January 30, 1996 |
| Comet Ikeya–Seki (C/1965 S1, 1965 VIII, 1965f) | Ikeya, Seki, September 18, 1965 |
| Comet Kohoutek (C/1973 E1, 1973 XII, 1973f) | Kohoutek, March 7, 1973 |
| C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) | A. R. Gibbs, March 23, 2012 |
| C/2000 U5 (LINEAR) | LINEAR, October 29, 2000 |
| Comet LONEOS (C/2007 F1) | LONEOS, March 19, 2007 |
| C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) | Lovejoy, November 27, 2011 |
| Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3) | Ye Quanzhi and Lin Chi-Sheng, Lulin Observatory, July 11, 2007 |
| Comet Machholz (C/2004 Q2) | Machholz, August 27, 2004 |
| C/2008 Q1 (Matičič) | Črni Vrh Observatory (the first comet discovered in Slovenia, by Stanislav Matičič) |
| C/2006 P1 (McNaught) | Robert McNaught, August 7, 2006 (max. brightness −5) |
| C/2009 R1 (McNaught) | Robert McNaught, September 9, 2009 |
| Comet McNaught–Russell (C/1993 Y1, 1994 XI, 1993v) | Robert H. McNaught, Kenneth S. Russell December 17, 1993 |
| Comet Mrkos (C/1957 P1, 1957 V, 1957d) | Mrkos, July 29, 1957 |
| Comet NEAT (C/2001 Q4) | NEAT, August 24, 2001 |
| Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) | PanSTARRS, June 6, 2011 |
| Comet Pojmański (C/2006 A1) | Pojmański, January 2, 2006 |
| Comet Seki–Lines (C/1962 C1, 1962 III, 1962c, Reitberg–Blakesen, Khokhlov ) | Seki and Lines, February 4, 1962 |
| C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) | Donna Burton at Siding Spring Observatory, August 25, 2007 |
| Comet Skjellerup–Maristany (C/1927 X1, 1927 IX, 1927k) | Skjellerup, November 28, 1927, and Maristany, December 6, 1927 |
| Comet Skorichenko–George (C/1989 Y1, 1990 VI, 1989e1) | Skorichenko and George, December 17, 1989 |
| Great Southern Comet (C/1947 X1, 1947 XII, 1947n) | December 7, 1947 |
| C/2006 M4 (SWAN) | Matson and Mattiazzo, June 20, 2006 |
| C/2000 W1 (Utsunomiya–Jones) | Syogo Utsunomiya and Albert F. Jones, November 18, 2000 |
| Comet West (C/1975 V1, 1976 VI, 1975n) | West, August 10, 1975 |
| Comet White–Ortiz–Bolelli (C/1970 K1, 1970 VI, 1970f) | White, May 18, 1970, Ortiz, May 21, 1970, and Bolelli, May 22, 1970 |
| Comet Wilson–Hubbard (C/1961 O1, 1961 V, 1961d, Drakesen, Portlock–Weinberg) | Wilson and Hubbard, July 23, 1961 |
| Comet Yi–SWAN (C/2009 F6) | Yi Dae am and SOHO of Robert D. Matson, March 26, 2009 (maximum apparent magnitude +8.5) |
| Comet Zhu–Balam (C/1997 L1) | Zhu (June 3, 1997) and Balam (June 8, 1997 ) |
1910 and earlier (chronological)
| Comet | Discoverer(s) or Namesake, Date of discovery |
|---|---|
| C/−43 K1 (Comet Caesar) | May 18, 44 BC (China); alternative names in Roman antiquity: sidus Iulium or Caesaris astrum; absolute magnitude: −4.0, one of only five comets known to have had a negative absolute magnitude and possibly the brightest daylight comet in recorded history |
| X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106) | February 2, 1106. One of the Kreutz Sungrazers, split in two. |
| C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577) (1577 I) | November 1, 1577 absolute magnitude −1.8, one of only five comets known to have had a negative absolute magnitude |
| C/1652 Y1 | van Riebeeck, 17 December 1652 (Cape Town, South Africa) |
| Kirch's Comet (C/1680 V1) | Kirch, November 14, 1680 (first telescopic discovery of a comet) |
| C/1686 R1 | van der Stel, August 12, 1686 (Cape Town, South Africa) |
| C/1689 X1 | van der Stel, November 24, 1689 (Cape Town, South Africa) |
| C/1702 H1 | Francesco Bianchini & Giacomo Filippo Maraldi |
| Comet of 1729 (C/1729 P1, 1729, Comet Sarabat) | Sarabat, August 1, 1729 absolute magnitude −3.0, one of only five comets known to have had a negative absolute magnitude |
| C/1743 X1 (1744, Comet Klinkenberg–de Chéseaux) | Klinkenberg, December 9, 1743, and de Chéseaux, December 13, 1743 (orbit computer) became brighter than Jupiter and in March 1744 exhibited no less than six tails |
| C/1746 P1 (1747, Comet de Chéseaux) | de Chéseaux, August 13, 1746 absolute magnitude −0.5, one of only five comets known to have had a negative absolute magnitude |
| Great Comet of 1760 (C/1760 A1, 1759 III, Parisian Comet) | January 7, 1760, approached Jupiter to within 0.054 AU in 1758 |
| Napoleon's Comet (C/1769 P1, 1769) | Charles Messier, August 8, 1769 |
| Great Comet of 1771 (C/1771 A1, 1770 II) | January 9, 1771 |
| Great Comet of 1783 (C/1783 X1, 1784) | de la Nux, December 15, 1783 |
| Great Comet of 1807 (C/1807 R1, 1807) | Giovanni, September 9, 1807 |
| Great Comet of 1811 (C/1811 F1) | Flaugergues, March 25, 1811 |
| Great Comet of 1819 (C/1819 N1, 1819 II, Comet Tralles) | Tralles, July 1, 1819 |
| Great Comet of 1823 (C/1823 Y1, 1823) | December 24, 1823 |
| Comet Pons (C/1825 N1, 1825 IV) | Pons, July 18, 1825 |
| Great Comet of 1830 (C/1830 F1, 1830 I) | Faraguet, March 16, 1830 (Mauritius) and Fallows, March 20, 1830 (Cape Town, South Africa). H. C. Dwerhagen, March 18, 1830 (Buenos Aires) |
| Great Comet of 1831 (C/1831 A1, 1830 II) | Herapath, January 7, 1831 () |
| Great March Comet of 1843 (C/1843 D1, 1843 I) | February 5, 1843 |
| Great Comet of 1844 (C/1844 Y1, 1844 III) | December 17, 1844 |
| Great June Comet of 1845 (C/1845 L1, 1845 III) | June 2, 1845 |
| Comet Hind (C/1847 C1, 1847 I) | Hind, February 6, 1847 |
| Miss Mitchell's Comet (C/1847 T1, 1847 VI) | Mitchell, October 1, 1847 |
| Comet Klinkerfues (C/1853 L1, 1853 III) | Klinkerfues, June 11, 1853 |
| Great Comet of 1854 (C/1854 F1, 1854 II) | March 23, 1854 |
| Comet Donati (C/1858 L1, 1858 VI) | Donati, June 2, 1858 |
| Great Comet of 1860 (C/1860 M1, 1860 III) | June 18, 1860 |
| Comet Thatcher (C/1861 G1) | A. E. Thatcher of New York, April 5, 1861 |
| Great Comet of 1861 (C/1861 J1, 1861 II) | Tebbutt, May 13, 1861 |
| Great Southern Comet of 1865 (C/1865 B1, 1865 I) | January 17, 1865 |
| Comet Coggia (C/1874 H1, 1874 III) | Coggia, April 17, 1874 |
| Great Southern Comet of 1880 (C/1880 C1, 1880 I) | February 1, 1880 |
| Great Comet of 1881 (C/1881 K1, 1881 III, 1881b) | Tebbutt, May 22, 1881. Independent discovery for W. G. Davis, May 25, 1881. |
| Comet Wells (C/1882 F1, 1882 I, 1882a) | Wells, March 18, 1882 |
| Great September Comet of 1882 (C/1882 R1, 1882 II, 1882b) | September 1, 1882; the first astronomer to see it was Finlay. It reached an estimated magnitude −17 (C/1882 R1, C/1945 X1 (du Toit) and C/1965 S1 may be the fragments of X/1106 C1). Possible first discoverer B. A. Gould |
| Great Southern Comet of 1887 (C/1887 B1, 1887 I, 1887a) | Thome, January 18, 1887, "The Headless Wonder" |
| Great Comet of 1901 (C/1901 G1, 1901 I, 1901a) | April 23, 1901 |
| Great January Comet of 1910 (C/1910 A1) (not to be confused with the 1910 apparition of 1P/Halley) |
Observed by many on the morning of January 12, 1910, the first astronomer to see it was Innes |
See also
Notes
- ^ "Cometary Designation System". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
- ^ "Small Bodies: Profile". NASA/JPL Planetary Data System. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
- ¿Quién descubrió el cometa 1941 B2?
- Flare-up on July 23–25, 44 BC (Rome): −4.0 (Richter model) and −9.0 (41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák model); absolute magnitude on May 26, 44 BC (China): −3.3 (Richter) and −4.4 (41P/TGK); calculated in Ramsey, John T.; Licht, A. Lewis (1997). The Comet of 44 B.C. and Caesar's Funeral Games. . American classical studies, no. 39. . Contributor: Brian G. Marsden (Illustrated ed.). Atlanta: Scholars Press. . p. 236. ISBN 0-7885-0273-5. OCLC 34640748.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|lastauthoramp=,|laydate=,|laysummary=,|chapterurl=, and|separator=(help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - JPL Small-Body Database Browser C/1686 R1
- JPL Small-Body Database Browser C/1729 P1
- International Comet Quarterly, Comet Names and Designations
- El observatorio astronómico del convento de Santo Domingo
- Auszug aus einem Schreiben des Herrn Dwerhagen an Herrn Dr. und Ritter Olbers in Bremen
- Hace 128 años se descubría el cometa 1881 III
- Córdoba Estelar, Cap 21,pp.348–349 and Uranometría Argentina 2001
External links
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