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George Galloway

George Galloway (born 16 August, 1954) is a controversial British politician noted for his socialist views, confrontational style and rhetorical skill. He is currently the Respect Member of Parliament (MP) for Bethnal Green and Bow, and was previously elected as a Labour Party MP for Glasgow Hillhead and Glasgow Kelvin.

Galloway is best known for wearing a leotard on Big Brother and getting down on all fours pretending to be a cat! He is also known for his vigorous campaign to overturn economic sanctions against Iraq, and for his controversial visits to Saddam Hussein in 1994 and 2002. In October 2003, he was expelled from the Labour Party when a party body ruled that he had brought the party into disrepute over the 2003 invasion of Iraq, when he called the Labour government "Tony Blair's lie machine" , and stated that British soldiers should "refuse to obey illegal orders."

In January 2004, he teamed up with the Socialist Workers Party, leading members of the anti-war movement such as Salma Yaqoob, and other figures on the British left such as film-maker Ken Loach and journalist George Monbiot (who later left), to form RESPECT The Unity Coalition (Respect), a new political party to the left of Labour.

He won his seat in the 2005 general election, standing for his new party. In January 2006 he sparked controversy for taking part in the television series Celebrity Big Brother.

Early and personal life

Galloway was born in Dundee, Scotland of partial Irish-Catholic extraction, and attended the Harris Academy, a non-denominational school. He worked at the Michelin tyre plant in Dundee. His support for the Palestinian cause began in 1974 when he met a Palestinian activist in Dundee; he converted the rest of the Dundee Labour Party which flew the Palestinian flag over the City Chambers. In 1977 he became a Labour Party organiser, and by the early 1980s was the chair of Labour in Scotland. He twinned the city with Nablus in 1980.

He was married from 1979 to 1999 to Elaine Fyffe, with whom he has a daughter. He married Dr. Amineh Abu-Zayyad in 2000.

Galloway states that he is a non-drinker from a non-drinking family. "My father didn’t drink alcohol and his father didn’t and my daughter doesn’t... I think it has a very deleterious effect on people".

War on Want

From 1983 to 1987, Galloway was General Secretary of War On Want, a British charity that campaigns against poverty worldwide. The Daily Mirror accused him of living luxuriously at the charity's expense. An independent auditor cleared him of misuse of funds, though he did repay £1,720 in contested expenses.

More than two years after Galloway stepped down as General Secretary to serve as a Labour MP, the UK government's Charity Commission investigated War on Want, finding accounting irregularities from 1985 to 1989, but little evidence that money was used for non-charitable purposes. Mr Galloway had been general secretary for the first three of those years. The commission said responsibility lay largely with auditors and did not single out individuals for blame. On March 23, 1990 it was announced that War on Want was to be wound up because of its financial problems. It has since been restarted.

Parliamentary career

Member of Parliament, Glasgow

Galloway was selected as Labour candidate for the Glasgow Hillhead seat, then held by Roy Jenkins of the SDP. He fought for a place on the Labour Party National Executive Committee in 1986; in a large field of candidates he finished as second from bottom. At the 1986 Labour Party Conference he made a strong attack on the Labour Party's Deputy Leader and Shadow Chancellor Roy Hattersley for not favouring exchange controls.

In the 1987 election, Galloway won Glasgow Hillhead from Jenkins with a majority of 3,251.

Asked about a War on Want conference on Mykonos, Greece during his previous job, the new MP Galloway notoriously replied "I travelled to and spent lots of time with people in Greece, many of whom were women, some of whom were known carnally to me. I actually had sexual intercourse with some of the people in Greece." The statement put Galloway on the front pages of the tabloid press and in February 1988 the Executive Committee of his Constituency Labour Party passed a vote of no confidence in him.

He went on to win reselection over Trish Godman (wife of fellow MP Norman Godman) in June 1989, but failed to get a majority of the electoral college on the first ballot. This was the worst result for any sitting Labour MP who was reselected; 13 out of the 26 members of the Constituency Party's Executive Committee resigned that August, indicating their dissatisfaction with the result.

In 1990, a classified advertisement appeared in the Labour left weekly Tribune headed "Lost: MP who answers to the name of George", "balding and has been nicknamed gorgeous", claiming that the lost MP had been seen in Romania but had not been to a constituency meeting for a year. A telephone number was given which turned out to be for the Groucho Club in London, from which Galloway had been excluded. Galloway threatened legal action and pointed out that he had been to five constituency meetings. He eventually settled for an out-of-court payment by Tribune.

The leadership election of the Labour Party in 1992 saw Galloway voting for fellow Scot John Smith for Leader and Margaret Beckett as Deputy Leader. In 1994 after Smith's death, Galloway declined to cast a vote in the leadership election (one of only three MPs to do so). In a debate with the leader of the Scottish National Party Alex Salmond, Galloway responded to one of Salmond's jibes against the Labour Party by declaring "I don't give a fuck what Tony Blair thinks."

In the 1997 and 2001 elections Galloway was the Labour candidate for the seat of Glasgow Kelvin, winning with majorities of over 16,000 and 12,000 respectively. He faced a challenge for the Labour nomination in 1997, going on to defeat Shiona Waldron. He was unchallenged for the Labour nomination in 2001.

Pakistani activities

In 1997, Galloway launched a newspaper, East, largely bankrolled by the Government of Pakistan, focusing on Pakistan and promoting a pro-Bhutto position. He also worked with the National Lobby on Kashmir, promoting Pakistan's claims to the territory. When Bhutto's government fell, Galloway met with the new Government and wrote a series of letters asking them for funding, which he ultimately obtained. While there was no suggestion that any of his actions in the case were illegal, the way in which he apparently put himself under an obligation to the Government of Pakistan damaged his reputation in some eyes.

Expulsion from the Labour Party

In a 28 March, 2003, interview with Abu Dhabi TV, Galloway said Tony Blair and George W. Bush had "lied to the British Air Force and Navy, when they said the battle of Iraq would be very quick and easy. They attacked Iraq like wolves...." and added, "... the best thing British troops can do is to refuse to obey illegal orders." The latter remark briefly led to suggestions that he might be prosecuted for treason under the Incitement to Disaffection Act, 1934. His most controversial statement, which led to a Sun headline, "MP blasted over 'kill Brits' call", could be read as inciting attacks on British forces in Iraq: "Iraq is fighting for all the Arabs. Where are the Arab armies?".

On 18 April, The Sun published an interview with Tony Blair in which Blair said "His comments were disgraceful and wrong. The National Executive will deal with it". Citing Galloway's comments regarding the Iraq war, the General Secretary of the Labour Party suspended him from holding office in the party on 6 May, 2003, pending a hearing on charges that he had violated the party's constitution by "bringing the Labour Party into disrepute through behaviour that is prejudicial or grossly detrimental to the Party". The National Constitutional Committee held a hearing on 22 October, 2003, to consider the charges, taking evidence from Galloway himself, from other party witnesses, viewing media interviews, and hearing character testimony from (among others) veteran Labour MP and ex-minister Tony Benn. The following day, the committee found the charge of bringing the party into disrepute proved, and expelled Galloway from the Labour Party forthwith. Galloway called the Committee's hearing "a show trial" and "a kangaroo court".

At all times he had the full support of the Executive and General Committee of Glasgow Kelvin Constituency Labour Party.

2005 election

In January 2004 Galloway announced he would be working with members of the English Socialist Alliance and others under the name RESPECT The Unity Coalition, generally referred to simply as Respect. Many commentators were surprised by this development since Galloway had a track record of antipathy toward Trotskyists, and the largest component of Respect is the Socialist Workers Party, which broadly identifies itself as part of the Trotskyist political tradition . Some former members of the Socialist Alliance, including the Workers Liberty and Workers Power groups, objected to forming a coalition with Galloway, citing his political record, and his refusal to accept an average worker's wage, with Galloway claiming "I couldn’t live on three workers’ wages".

He stood as the Respect candidate in London in the 2004 European Parliament elections, but failed to win a seat after receiving 91,175 of the 115,000 votes he needed.

Galloway's Glasgow Kelvin constituency was split between three different constituencies at the May 2005 general election. After his expulsion, he had initially fuelled speculation that he might call a snap by-election before then, by resigning his parliamentary seat, saying:

If I were to resign this constituency and there was a by-election I can't guarantee that I would win, but I would guarantee that Tony Blair's candidate would surely lose.

Galloway later announced that he would not force a by-election and intended not to contest the next general election in Glasgow. Owing to the boundary changes, the Labour candidate in the new Glasgow Central constituency, which could have been his most likely chance, was his long-time friend Mohammad Sarwar, the first Muslim Labour MP and a strong opponent of the Iraq War; Galloway did not wish to challenge him.

After the European election results became known, Galloway announced that he would stand in Bethnal Green and Bow in the east end of London, the area where Respect had its strongest election results and where the sitting Labour MP, Oona King, supported the Iraq War. On 2 December, despite speculation that he might stand in Newham, he confirmed that he was to be the candidate for Bethnal Green and Bow. Some accused him of carpetbagging by moving into the area with the highest support for Respect.

The ensuing electoral campaign in the seat proved to be a difficult one with heated rhetoric. In response to a question asking if he thought it was "odd" or "misguided" that he should be attempting to unseat one of the few black women in Parliament Galloway, referring to the Iraq war, said "100,000 people lie dead as a result of the decisions she made" including a lot of women who "had blacker faces than her". In one contentious incident the tyres of King's car were slashed and Les Dobrovolski, an elderly Labour Party member, was assaulted by people whom he and King later claimed were supporting 'Respect' and had left a Respect leaflet by his side. Respect disputed the claim and pointed out that the leaflet had not be issued until a day later; local police did not investigate the party. On 21 April 2005, it was reported by the BBC that Galloway had himself been threatened with death by extreme Islamists and threatened with a fatwa. All the major candidates united in condemning the threats and violence. King added that "it has not been helped by some of the language used by Respect. Extremism breeds extremism."

On May 5, Galloway won the seat by 823 votes and made a fiery acceptance speech, saying that Tony Blair had the blood of 100,000 people on his hands and denouncing the returning officer over alleged discrepancies in the electoral process. When challenged in a subsequent televised interview by Jeremy Paxman as to whether he was happy to have removed one of the few black women in Parliament, Galloway replied by asking if it would not be better to congratulate him for "one of the most sensational election results in modern history?" Pressed further, he said "I don't believe that people get elected because of the colour of their skin. I believe people get elected because of their record and because of their policies. So move on to your next question."

Oona King later told the Today programme that she found Paxman's line of question inappropriate. "He shouldn't be barred from running against me because I'm a black woman ... I was not defined, or wish to be defined, by my ethnicity"..

"It's good to be back", Galloway said on being sworn in as MP for Bethnal Green after the May election. He pledged to represent "the people that New Labour has abandoned" and to "speak for those who have nobody else to speak for them."

Parliamentary participation statistics

Galloway's participation in Parliamentary activity fell to minimal levels after he was suspended and later expelled from the Labour Party. After speaking in a debate on Iraq on 25 March, 2003, Galloway did not intervene in any way in Parliamentary debates or ask any oral questions for the remainder of the Parliament and his participation in House of Commons Divisions was among the lowest of any MP (the website "They Work For You.com" has more details). Since being elected in 2005, his participation rate has remained low. At the end of 2005 he had participated in only 15% of votes in the House of Commons since the general election, placing him 634 out of 645 MPs. Among the MPs below him in the rankings are Tony Blair, five Sinn Féin members who have not taken their seats in accordance with their abstentionist policy, the Speaker and Deputy Speakers who by convention do not vote, and two MPs who had long-term illnesses and have died since the election. Galloway claims a record of unusual activity at a "grass roots" level. His own estimate is that he has made 1,100 public speeches between September 2001 and May 2005.

In November 2005 Galloway's commitment to Parliamentary activity was again called into question when he failed to attend the Report Stage of the Prevention of Terrorism Bill in the House of Commons, despite Respect having urged its members to put pressure on MPs to attend. It was subsequently confirmed that Galloway had been giving his one-man show in Cork, Ireland on the night (Galloway's spokesman asserted the performance was "uncancellable" ).

It initially appeared that the government won a vote by a majority of only one, and Galloway's attendance would have resulted in defeat for the government. Respect later put out a statement stating that it regretted the vote had been missed though claiming that they did not fully support the amendment. The statement further claimed that Galloway had cleared his diary for all the subsequent votes on the bill. Galloway did attend a subsequent debate on the Bill.

Political views and characteristics

File:George Galloway at demonstration.jpg
Galloway at CND blockade of Faslane Naval Base, Scotland.

Galloway has a reputation as a fiery left-winger and advocates redistribution of wealth, greater spending on welfare benefits, and extensive nationalisation of large industries. He opposes Scottish independence and supports the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Raised as a Roman Catholic, he left the church for a time but returned to Christian belief in his mid-20s, and he is opposed to abortion, although he supports Respect's pro-choice stance.

In 1994 he voted to support the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexuality (which was then 21 years) with that for heterosexuality at 16 years, and then voted against a reduction of the homosexual age of consent to 18. He voted in favour of permitting unmarried and gay couples to adopt children. Critics have claimed that his involvement in the leadership of Respect - which has a dropped gay rights from the party's 2005 election manifesto - raise questions about commitment to those issues. However, Respect's 2005 conference which Galloway took part in, resolved that explicit defence of equal rights and calls for the end to all discrimination against lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender people would be made in all of its manifestos and principal election materials. The Respect website also defends LBGT rights.

Galloway voted in support of the government's original draft of the religious hatred bill, which many people had feared would restrict artistic freedom and free speech.

In the 2001 Parliament, he voted against the Whip 27 times. During the 2001-02 session he was the 9th most rebellious Labour MP. He has attracted most attention for his comments on foreign policy, taking a special interest in Libya, Pakistan, Iraq, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. In an interview with the Guardian , Galloway stated "I am on the anti-imperialist left... If you are asking did I support the Soviet Union, yes I did. Yes, I did support the Soviet Union, and I think the disappearance of the Soviet Union is the biggest catastrophe of my life. If there was a Soviet Union today, we would not be having this conversation about plunging into a new war in the Middle East, and the US would not be rampaging around the globe."

Iraq and Saddam

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Galloway meeting with Saddam Hussein.

In the late 1970s, Galloway was a founding member of the Campaign Against Repression and for Democratic Rights in Iraq (CARDRI), which campaigned against Saddam Hussein's regime in response to its suppression of the Iraqi Communist Party. He was critical of America and Britain's later role in supporting Saddam during the Iran-Iraq War and was involved in protests at Iraq's cultural centre in London in the 1980s.

Galloway opposed the 1991 Gulf War and was critical of the effect the subsequent sanctions had on the people of Iraq. He visited Iraq several times and met senior government figures. His involvement caused certain critics to deride him as the "member for Baghdad Central". In 1994, Galloway faced some of his strongest criticism on his return from a Middle-Eastern visit during which he had met Saddam Hussein "to try and bring about an end to sanctions, suffering and war." At the meeting, he reported the support given to Saddam by the people of the Gaza Strip and infamously ended his speech with the phrase "Sir: I salute your courage, your strength, your indefatigability." Additionally he said "hatta al-nasr, hatta al-nasr, hatta al-Quds" (Arabic for "until victory, until victory, until Jerusalem"). When later pressed to explain why he would make such a speech, he said that it was for the benefit of the Iraqi people, collectively.

In a House of Commons debate on 6 March, 2002, Foreign Office Minister Ben Bradshaw said of Galloway that he was "not just an apologist, but a mouthpiece, for the Iraqi regime over many years." Galloway called the Minister a liar and refused to withdraw, resulting in the suspension of the sitting. Bradshaw later withdrew his allegation, and Galloway apologised for using unparliamentary language. In August 2002, Galloway returned to Iraq and met Saddam Hussein for a second time. According to Galloway, the intention of the trip was to try and persuade Hussein to re-admit Dr. Hans Blix, and the United Nations weapons inspectors back into the country.

Giving evidence in his libel case against the Daily Telegraph newspaper in 2004, Galloway testified that he regarded Saddam as a "bestial dictator" and would have welcomed his removal from power, but not by means of a military attack on Iraq. Galloway also pointed that he was a prominent critic of Saddam Hussein's regime in the 1980s, as well as of the role of Margaret Thatcher's government in supporting arms sales to Iraq during the Iran/Iraq war. Labour MP Tam Dalyell said during the controversy over whether Galloway should be expelled from the Labour Party that "in the mid-1980s there was only one MP that I can recollect making speeches about human rights in Iraq and this was George Galloway." When the issue of Galloway's meetings with Saddam Hussein is raised, including before the U.S. Senate, Galloway has argued that he had met Saddam "exactly the same number of times as U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld met him. The difference is Donald Rumsfeld met him to sell him guns and to give him maps the better to target those guns."

In 1999, Galloway was criticised for spending Christmas in Iraq with Tariq Aziz, then Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister. In the 17 May, 2005, hearing of the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Galloway stated that he had had many meetings with Aziz, and characterized their relationship as friendly. In 2006 a video surfaced showing Galloway greeting Uday Hussein, Saddam's eldest son and an alleged rapist and murderer, with the title of "Excellency" at Uday's palace in 1999. "The two men also made unflattering comments about the United States and joked about losing weight, going bald and how difficult it is to give up smoking cigars," according to The Scotsman.

Galloway signing an asylum seekers petition, sitting on the edge of the StWC stage at the 2005 Make Poverty History rally.

Galloway is Vice-President of the Stop the War Coalition(StWC). He is actively involved, often speaking on StWC platforms at anti war demonstrations. During a 9 March, 2005, interview at the University of Dhaka campus Galloway called for a global alliance between Muslims and progressives: "Not only do I think it’s possible but I think it is vitally necessary and I think it is happening already. It is possible because the progressive movement around the world and the Muslims have the same enemies. Their enemies are the Zionist occupation, American occupation, British occupation of poor countries mainly Muslim countries."

Views on Blair and Bush

At the national conference of the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers, on 30 June, 2003, he apologised for describing George Bush as a "wolf", saying that to do so defamed wolves:

"No wolf would commit the sort of crimes against humanity that George Bush committed against the people of Iraq."

On 20 November, 2004, George Galloway gave an interview on Abu-Dhabi TV in which he said:

The people who invaded and destroyed Iraq and have murdered more than a million Iraqi people by sanctions and war will burn in Hell in the hell-fires, and their name in history will be branded as killers and war criminals for all time. Fallujah is a Guernica, Falluaja is a Stalingrad, and Iraq is in flames as a result of the actions of these criminals. Not the resistance, not anybody else but these criminals who invaded and fell like wolves upon the people of Iraq. And by the way, those Arab regimes which helped them to do it will burn in the same hell-fires.

On 20 June, 2005, he appeared on Al Jazeera TV to lambast these two leaders and others.

Bush, and Blair, and the prime minister of Japan, and Silvio Berlusconi, these people are criminals, and they are responsible for mass murder in the world, for the war, and for the occupation, through their support for Israel, and through their support for a globalised capitalist economic system, which is the biggest killer the world has ever known. It has killed far more people than Adolf Hitler. It has killed far more people than George Bush. The economic system which these people support, which leaves most of the people in the world hungry, and without clean water to drink. So we're going to put them on trial, the leaders, when they come. They think they're coming for a holiday in a beautiful country called Scotland; in fact, they're coming to their trial....Ancient freedoms, which we had for hundreds of years, are being taken away from us under the name of the war on terror, when the real big terrorists are the governments of Britain and the United States. They are the real rogue states breaking international law, invading other people's countries, killing their children in the name of anti-terrorism, when in fact, all they're achieving is to make more terrorists in the world, not less, to make the world more dangerous, rather than less.

Galloway has accused Tony Blair of "waging war on Muslims at home and abroad".

On 3 February, 2006, Galloway was refused entry to Egypt at Cairo Airport and was detained "on grounds of national security", where he had been invited to 'give evidence' at a 'mock trial' of US President Bush and UK PM Blair. After being detained overnight, he said Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak "apologised on behalf of the Egyptian people", and was allowed to enter the country. After initial derogatory comments from Galloway and a spokesman from his Respect party regarding Mubarak's pro-western stance and ties to Bush and Blair, Galloway later commented: "It was a most gracious apology which I accept wholeheartedly. I consider the matter now closed."

July 2005 London bombings

In the House of Commons, on the day of the 7 July 2005 London bombings that killed 56 and injured hundreds, and following a visit to the Royal London Hospital in his constituency where many of the victims had been taken, Galloway condemned the attacks strongly, but argued that they could not be separated from the hatred and bitterness felt among Muslims because of injustices in Palestine, Iraq, and Afghanistan, including injustices suffered as a result of British foreign policy:

I condemn the act that was committed this morning. I have no need to speculate about its authorship. It is absolutely clear that Islamist extremists, inspired by the al-Qaeda world outlook, are responsible. I condemn it utterly as a despicable act, committed against working people on their way to work, without warning, on tubes and buses. Let there be no equivocation: the primary responsibility for this morning's bloodshed lies with the perpetrators of those acts... The hon. Member for North Durham (Mr. Jones), in an otherwise fine speech, described today's events as "unpredictable". They were not remotely unpredictable. Our own security services predicted them and warned the Government that if we we would be at greater risk from terrorist attacks such as the one that we have suffered this morning... Despicable, yes; but not unpredictable. It was entirely predictable and, I predict, it will not be the last.

Winding up the debate for the government in the last moments allotted, Armed Forces Minister Adam Ingram described Galloway's remarks as "disgraceful" and accused Galloway of "dipping his poisonous tongue in a pool of blood." No time remained for Galloway to intervene and he ran afoul of the Deputy Speaker when trying to make a point of order about Ingram's attack. He later went on to describe Ingram as a "thug" who had committed a "foul-mouthed, deliberately timed, last-10-seconds smear." The men had previously clashed over claims in Galloway's autobiography (see below).

Rhetorical skill

Galloway is seen as an adept wordsmith and debater. For example, according to the Boston Globe he is "known, even in the highly articulate world of British politics, for his memorable turns of phrase," whereas the Times finds that he has "the gift of the Glasgow gab, a love of the stage and an inexhaustible fund of self-belief." The Guardian finds him "renowned for his colourful rhetoric and combative debating style" and the Spectator once awarded him Debater of the Year. Sometimes this general acknowledgement of Galloway's rhetorical capacity is accompanied by criticism that he is evasive (Scotsman , "ducked the question") and he has also been repeatedly jeered for remarks seen as fawning over Arab dictators. His remarks can be sampled at Wikiquotes .

Corruption allegations

Mariam Appeal

In 1998 Galloway founded the Mariam Appeal, intended "to campaign against sanctions on Iraq on Iraq which are having disastrous effects on the ordinary people of Iraq". The campaign was named after Mariam Hamza, a single child flown by the fund from Iraq to Britain to receive treatment for leukaemia. The intention was to raise awareness of the suffering and death of hundreds of thousands of other Iraqi children due to lack of suitable medicines and facilities, and to campaign for the lifting of the western sanctions that were seen by many as responsible for that situation. The campaign won Galloway press coverage, first positive then increasingly negative, as allegations arose that funds were misappropriated and used to pay his wife and driver.

The fund was at the centre of a further scrutiny during the 2003 Gulf war, with allegations of lavish spending on Galloway's regular trips to the Middle East, including first class travel, luxury hotel accommodation, and consumption of expensive champagne and caviar. Galloway, however, denied that he had misused any funds raised for the Mariam Appeal and pointed out that it was not unreasonable for money from a campaign fund to be used to pay for the travel expenses of campaigners. Although the Mariam Appeal was never a registered charity and never intended to be such, it was investigated by the Charity Commission. The report of this year-long inquiry, published in June 2004, found that the Mariam Appeal was doing charitable work (and so should properly have been registered with them), but did not substantiate allegations that any funds had been misused. Finding 12 of the report states however that "the Commission has been unable to obtain all the books and records of the Appeal. Mr Galloway, the first Chairman of the Appeal, has stated that this documentation was sent to Amman and Baghdad in 2001 when Fawaz Zuriekat became Chairman of the Appeal. Mr Galloway has informed the Commission that this documentation is no longer under the control of the original trustees of the Appeal and cannot be located by them. Mr Galloway confirmed that the Appeal did not produce annual profit and loss accounts or balance sheets."

Oil for Food

Daily Telegraph

On 22 April, 2003, the Daily Telegraph published an article describing documents found by its reporter David Blair in the ruins of the Iraqi Foreign Ministry. The documents purport to be records of meetings between Galloway and Iraqi intelligence agents, and state that he had received £375,000 per year from the proceeds of the Oil for Food programme . Galloway completely denied the story, insisted that the documents were forgeries, and pointed to the nature of the discovery within an unguarded, bombed-out building as being questionable. He instigated legal action against the newspaper, which was heard in the High Court from 14 November, 2004 (HQ03X0206, George Galloway MP vs. Telegraph Group Ltd.)

On 2 December, Justice David Eady ruled that the story had been "seriously defamatory", and that the Telegraph was "obliged to compensate Mr Galloway... and to make an award for the purposes of restoring his reputation". Galloway was awarded £150,000 damages plus costs estimated to total £1.2 million. In UK libel cases, the winning party is also normally awarded costs, with the loser paying the bill. The court did not grant leave to appeal; in order to appeal in the absence of leave, the defendants would have to petition the House of Lords.

The libel case was regarded by both sides as an important test of the Reynolds qualified-privilege defence . The Daily Telegraph did not attempt to claim justification (a defence in which the defendant bears the onus of proving that the defamatory reports are true): "It has never been the Telegraph's case to suggest that the allegations contained in these documents are true". Instead, the paper sought to argue that it acted responsibly because the allegations it reported were of sufficient public interest to outweigh the damage caused to Galloway's reputation. However, the court ruled that, "It was the defendants' primary case that their coverage was no more than 'neutral reportage' ... but the nature, content and tone of their coverage cannot be so described."

The issue of whether the documents were genuine was likewise not at issue at the trial. Each side had tried to get some independent confirmation that they were genuine (the Telegraph) or were not (Galloway). The Telegraph hired Ibrahim Marashi, the author of the so-called second "dodgy dossier", to verify the documents. In his opinion they were genuine, although this has never been verified in court.

The Telegraph lost their appeal on 25 January, 2006, the same day as Galloway's Big Brother eviction, and on 15 February, 2006, the newspaper announced it would not be seeking leave to appeal against the verdict.

Others

The Christian Science Monitor published a theory of theories on 25 April, 2003, stating that they had documentary evidence that he had received "more than ten million dollars" from the Iraqi regime. However, on 20 June, 2003, the Monitor ( article link) reported that their own investigation had concluded the documents were sophisticated forgeries, and apologised. Galloway rejected the newspaper's apology, asserted that the affair was a conspiracy against him, and continued a libel claim against the paper.

The Christian Science Monitor settled the claim, paying him an undisclosed sum in damages, on 19 March, 2004. It emerged that these documents had first been offered to the Daily Telegraph, but they had rejected them. The documents' origin remains obscure.

In January 2004, a further set of allegations were made in al-Mada, a newspaper in Iraq. The newspaper claimed to have found documents in the Iraqi national oil corporation showing that Galloway received (through an intermediary) some of the profits arising from the sale of 19.5 million barrels (3,100,000 m³) of oil. Galloway acknowledged that money had been paid into the Mariam Appeal by Iraqi businessmen who had profited from the UN-run programme, but denied benefiting personally, and maintained that, in any case, there was nothing illicit about this:

It is hard to see what is dishonourable, let alone "illicit", about Arab nationalist businessmen donating some of the profits they made from legitimate UN-controlled business with Iraq to anti-sanctions campaigns, as opposed to, say, keeping their profits for themselves.

The report of the Iraq Survey Group published in October 2004 claimed that Galloway was one of the recipients of a fund used by Iraq to buy influence among foreign politicians. Galloway denied receiving any money from Saddam Hussein's regime. The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards had begun an investigation into George Galloway but suspended it when Galloway launched legal action. On December 14, it was announced that this investigation would resume.

U.S. Senate

Allegations
File:Galloway Evidence.jpg
Evidence presented to the Committee (contract M/9/23); George Galloway's name appears next to Fawaz Zureikat in a different font and at an angle to the rest of the text on that line (number 23 in the list).

In May 2005, a U.S. Senate committee report accused Galloway along with former French minister Charles Pasqua of receiving the right to buy oil under the UN's oil-for-food scheme. The report was issued by the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, chaired by Senator Norm Coleman, a Republican from Minnesota. The report cited further documents from the Iraqi oil ministry and interviews with Iraqi officials. No comment was made on whether the documents have been investigated for evidence of forgery.

Coleman's committee said Pasqua had received allocations worth 11 million barrels from 1999 to 2000, and Galloway received allocations worth 20 million barrels from 2000 to 2003. The allegations against Pasqua and Galloway, both outspoken opponents of U.N. sanctions against Iraq in the 1990s, have been made before, including in an October report by U.S. arms inspector Charles Duelfer as well as in the various purported documents described earlier in this section. But Coleman's report provided several new details. It also included information from interviews with former high-ranking officials now in U.S. custody, including former Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz and former Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan. Among the claims is that there is new evidence to suggest that the Mariam Appeal, a children's leukaemia charity founded by Galloway, was in fact used to conceal oil payments. The report cites Ramadan as saying in an interview that Galloway was allocated oil "because of his opinions about Iraq."

File:M-12-14frag.jpg
Detail of contract M/12/14 (click on image for high-resolution version)

Socialist Worker Online (also reproduced in the weekly printed publication) reported what they say is evidence that the key Iraqi oil ministry documents regarding oil allocations, in which Galloway's name appears six times (contracts M/08/35, M/09/23 , M/10/38, M/11/04 , M/12/14, M/13/48 ) have been tampered with. They published a copy of contract M/09/23 and allege that George Galloway's name appears to have been added in a different font and at a different angle to the rest of the text on that line. In these documents (relating to oil allocations 8-13), Galloway is among just a few people whose nationality is never identified, whilst Zureikat is the only one whose nationality is identified in one instance but not in others. Socialist Worker is a publication of the Socialist Workers Party, which is in alliance with Galloway in RESPECT - the Unity Coalition.

Galloway response

On 17 May, 2005, the committee held a hearing concerning specific allegations (of which Galloway was one part) relating to improprieties surrounding the Oil-for-Food programme . Attending Galloway's oral testimony and inquiring of him were two of the thirteen committee members: the chair (Coleman) and the ranking Democrat (Carl Levin). .

Upon Galloway's arrival in the US, he told Reuters, "I have no expectation of justice from a group of Christian fundamentalist and Zionist activists under the chairmanship of a neo-con George Bush". Galloway described Coleman as a "pro-war, neo-con hawk and the lickspittle of George W. Bush", who, he said, sought revenge against anyone who did not support the invasion of Iraq.

In his testimony, Galloway made the following statements in response to the allegations against him :

Senator, I am not now, nor have I ever been, an oil trader. and neither has anyone on my behalf. I have never seen a barrel of oil, owned one, bought one, sold one - and neither has anyone on my behalf. Now I know that standards have slipped in the last few years in Washington, but for a lawyer you are remarkably cavalier with any idea of justice. I am here today but last week you already found me guilty. You traduced my name around the world without ever having asked me a single question, without ever having contacted me, without ever written to me or telephoned me, without any attempt to contact me whatsoever. And you call that justice.

He questioned the reliability of evidence given by former Iraqi Vice President Taha Yassin Ramadan, stating that the circumstances of his captivity by American forces calls into question the authenticity of the remarks. Galloway also pointed out an error in the report, where documents by The Daily Telegraph were said to have covered an earlier period from those held by the Senate. In fact the report's documents referred to the same period as those used by the The Daily Telegraph, though Galloway pointed out that the presumed forgeries pertaining to the Christian Science Monitor report did refer to an earlier period.

Galloway also took the occasion of his Senate testimony to denounce the invasion of Iraq as having been based on "a pack of lies". The U.S. media, in reporting his appearance, emphasized his blunt remarks on the war. The British media, however, gave generally more positive coverage; TV presenter Anne Robinson said Galloway "quite frankly put the pride back in British politics" when introducing him for a prime time talk show.

The transcript of George's evidence to the Senate was added to the Senate Committee's website and then removed approximately 24 hours later. There is now just the comment on the website that "Mr Galloway did not submit a written statement".

Alleged perjury

A report by the majority staff of the Senate committee on investigations published in October 2005 asserted that Galloway had perjured himself when appearing before them. The report exhibits bank statements seeming to show that £85,000 of proceeds from the 'Oil for Food' programme had been paid to Galloway's then wife Amineh Abu-Zayyad. Galloway reiterated his denial of the charges and challenged the U.S. Senate committee to charge him with perjury. He claimed Coleman's motive was revenge over the embarrassment of his appearance before the committee in May. .

Later he said that his "...wife has denied ever having received any money from Dr al-Chelabi." . Former Iraqi deputy prime minister Tariq Aziz, according to his lawyer, denied claiming that Galloway had received illicit funds, as has been reported by some newspapers .

Publishing/media activities

Asian Voice

Galloway has been involved in several publishing companies. He owned Asian Voice, which published a newspaper called East from 1996. An investigation by BBC Newsnight found that Galloway had secured payments of £60,000 and £135,000 from the Pakistani governments of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif. Galloway insisted this was for advertising space and bulk copies, but Newsnight alleged that it was for favourable coverage of Pakistan.

He is currently one of two Directors of Finjan Ltd.; the other Director is his former wife. In May 2005, he launched a new publishing house, Friction, an imprint that will publish "books that burn, books that cause controversy and get people talking."

Autobiography

His autobiography, I'm Not The Only One, was published on 29 April, 2004. The book's title is a quotation from "Imagine" by John Lennon. Armed Forces Minister Adam Ingram applied for an interim interdict to prevent the book's publication. Ingram asserted that Galloway's text that Ingram "played the flute in a sectarian, anti-Catholic, Protestant-supremacist Orange Order band" was in bad faith and defamatory, although Ingram's lawyers conceded that for a year as a teenager he had been a member of a junior Orange Lodge in Barlanark, Glasgow, and had attended three parades. The Judge, Lord Kingarth, decided that he should refuse to grant an interim interdict, that the balance of the arguments favoured Galloway's publisher and that the phrase "sectarian, anti-Catholic, protestant-supremacist" was fair comment on that organisation. Although Ingram was not and never had been a flute-player, the defending barrister observed that "playing the flute carries no obvious defamatory imputation ... it is not to the discredit of anyone that he plays the flute," the judge ruled that Mr. Ingram should pay the full court costs of the hearing.

Celebrity Big Brother

File:GallowayBigBrother.jpg
Galloway's appearance on Big Brother often required him to dress up in odd costumes.

In January 2006 Galloway made an appearance on Channel Four's Celebrity Big Brother. A detailed account of this can be found in a separate article: George Galloway's appearance on Celebrity Big Brother.

talkSPORT

On 9 March 2006, George Galloway started broadcasting on Britain's biggest commercial radio station, the UTV-owned talkSPORT.

Billed as Britain's biggest talk show, Galloway starts every broadcast by playing the theme from the Top Cat cartoon show. Being the only left wing presenter on the station he has attracted some biting criticism from fellow presenters including Charlie Wolf, but has stayed firm and 3 weeks into the show has had some memorable blazing rows with callers.

UTV said that Galloway was pulling in record call numbers and the highest ever ratings for its weekend slots, even pulling in more than the station's Football First programme.

His show has been disrupted by FIFA World Cup coverage, but still airs on the Talk 107 radio station in Scotland and can be listened to from their website. He will be back on Talk Sport after World Cup coverage finishes.

Mazher Mahmood

In March 2006 Galloway claimed that Mazher Mahmood, an undercover reporter for the News of the World who uses a disguise as a sheikh to frame celebrities, targeted him in an alleged sting operation. Galloway claims that Mahmood and an accomplice tried and failed to implicate him in illegal party funding, and to agree with anti-semitic statements. Galloway has written to the Metropolitan police commissioner, Sir Ian Blair, and the speaker of the House of Commons about the incident. He has also said that he will reveal Mahmood's true identity and other aspects of his activities. The News of the World lost a High Court action to prevent publication of photographs of Mahmood, but immediately won a temporary injunction preventing Galloway from doing so, allowing it to appeal the judgment.

May 2006 Local elections

In the May 2006 UK local elections, the anti-war Respect party gained 12 council seats in the east London borough of which intersects Galloway's constituency of Bethnall Green and Bow. The party also gained three seats in the neighbouring borough of Newham where they got 26% of the total vote.

Interview with GQ magazine

In May 2006 there was controversy about remarks he made in an interview conducted by Piers Morgan that was published in the May 2006 UK edition of GQ magazine. When asked "Would the assassination of, say, Tony Blair by a suicide bomber - if there were no other casualties - be justified as revenge for the war on Iraq?" He is reported to have replied "Yes, it would be morally justified. I am not calling for it - but if it happened it would be of a wholly different moral order to the events of 7/7. It would be entirely logical and explicable. And morally equivalent to ordering the deaths of thousands of innocent people in Iraq - as Blair did."

In response to criticism of these remarks, Galloway later said "I would not support anyone seeking to assassinate the Prime Minister. That’s why I said in the interview I would report to the authorities any such plot that I knew of. What I did make abundantly clear to Piers Morgan in the GQ interview is that I would like to see Tony Blair in front of a war crimes tribunal for sending this country to war illegally and for the appalling human consequences which resulted. That’s what I will continue to press for." He also said, regarding any assassination attempt on Tony Blair, "Such an operation would be counter-productive, because it would generate a new wave of anti-Arab sentiment whipped up by the press. It would lead to new draconian anti-terror laws and probably strengthen the resolve of the British and American services in Iraq rather than weaken it."

On May 27 2006, the Scottish Daily Record reported that a number of MPs from across the political spectrum had called for a police enquiry into Galloway's statement on grounds of possible incitement to murder. Labour MP Anne Moffat was reported as calling it: "absolutely sickening, even by his standards - unbelievable". Scotland Yard said any official complaint would be investigated.

Notes

  4. "Special Reports : Two views of George: all heart or a pain in the neck". The Guardian. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  6. "Sunday Herald". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  9. Michael Paterson, "Leadership of War on Want marked by turbulence and tension", Daily Telegraph, April 24, 2003
  11. Michael Paterson, "Leadership of War on Want marked by turbulence and tension", Daily Telegraph, April 24, 2003
  13. "MP Talks of Sexual Exploits", The Times, 15 September 1987.
  14. ^ The Almanac of British Politics by Robert Waller and Byron Criddle (Routledge, London, Fourth Edition 1991 and Fifth Edition 1996) ISBN 0415005086 and ISBN 0415118050
  16. "Why the MP went begging to Pakistan". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  17. "The Observer : Politics : MP may be tried as traitor". The Guardian. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  18. The Trial: How New Labour Purged George Galloway, Galloway, George, Bookmarks. ISBN 1898876479.
  19. "S2 Monday - Indefatigably yours". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  21. "RESPECT - The Unity Coalition - London region". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  22. "Politics : Election 2005 : Galloway told to avoid his home". BBC. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  23. "Politics : Election 2005 : Galloway interviewed by Paxman".
  24. See Today programme archive for link to audio
  25. ""They Work For You.com"". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  26. BBC Radio 4, Broadcasting House, 22 May 2005, interview with George Galloway.
  27. "put pressure on MPs to attend". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  28. "Special Reports : Lib Dems and Galloway defend absences". The Guardian. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  29. "RESPECT - The Unity Coalition - News". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  33. "Galloway's Party in Gay Rights Row". Retrieved 2006-01-07.
  37. "Interview: George Galloway MP (See above)". The Guardian. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  38. Simon Hattenstone, The Guardian, September 16, 2002, "Saddam and me"
  39. "http://en.wikiquote.org/George_Galloway". Retrieved 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  40. "Free Speech Radio News lineup - Friday, August 09, 2002". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  41. "Special Reports : Two views of George: all heart or a pain in the neck (See above)". The Guardian. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  42. "Times Online". The Times. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  43. "Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  44. Fox News story about Galloway meeting Uday
  45. Scotsman newspaper's account of Galloway's meeting with Uday
  46. "Iraq News Network - Galloway calls for global unity between Islamic and Left forces". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  47. "MEMRI TV". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  48. "MEMRI TV". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  49. Galloway's press release after being detained in Egypt
  50. BBC News story relating to his detention
  51. RESPECT Website press release
  52. "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 7 Jul 2005 (pt 26)". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  53. "http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/cm050707/debtext/50707-30.htm#stpa_398". Retrieved 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  54. "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 7 Jul 2005 (pt 31)". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  55. "News / World / Europe / Britain's Galloway turns into media hero". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  56. "Times Online". The Times. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  57. "Special Reports : Bagdhad, Washington, South Shields". The Guardian. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  58. "George Galloway - Galloway bluster fails to convince Senate". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  59. "http://en.wikiquote.org/George_Galloway (See above)". Retrieved 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  60. "The Mariam Appeal". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  61. "Vindication: There Is An Unholy Alliance". Front Page Mag.
  62. "Reynolds v. Times Newspapers Ltd and Others [1999] UKHL 45; [1999] 4 All ER 609; [1999] 3 WLR 1010 (28th October, 1999)". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  63. "UK : Politics : Galloway wins Saddam libel case". BBC. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  64. "Galloway papers deemed forgeries : csmonitor.com". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  65. "UK : Politics : Galloway accepts libel damages". BBC. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  66. "Guardian Unlimited : Special reports : Galloway wins damages for Iraq libel". The Guardian. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  67. "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/11_05_05_psi_report.pdf" (PDF). BBC. Retrieved 2005-12-15. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)
  68. "How they forged case against Galloway:21May05:Socialist Worker". Socialist Worker. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  69. "http://en.wikipedia.org/Image:Galloway_Evidence.jpg". Retrieved 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  70. "http://en.wikipedia.org/Image:Galloway_Evidence_2.jpg". Retrieved 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  71. "http://en.wikipedia.org/Image:Galloway_Evidence_4.jpg". Retrieved 2005-12-15. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  72. In the relevant oil allocation tables 8-13, there are 634 allocations (in the main tables, excluding unsigned contract sections). Excluding the Zuraykat/Galloway entries, only 17 do not name the nationality either in brackets or as part of the entity name. 8 of those 17 are accounted for by just three names - which are also the only non-Zuraykat/Galloway entries to be unsigned in allocations 10-13 (Abu al Abbas: 13/40, 11/50, 10/28; Mrs Hamida Na'ana: 8/70, 11/100, 13/26; Shakir al Khafaji: 8/117, 10/24). In allocations 8-9, a further 9 names are listed once, with nationality unsigned. See Duelfer Report Annex B for the original and full version of the oil voucher accounting forms.
  73. Full Realvideo and Transcripts of SubCommittee 'Galloway' Hearing
  74. "Times Online (See above)". The Times. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  75. "Galloway and the mother of all invective". The Guardian. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  76. "UK ovation for U.S. showdown MP - May 19, 2005". CNN. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  77. Senate Committee's Website
  80. "UK : UK Politics : Galloway challenges US senators". BBC. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  81. "RESPECT - The Unity Coalition - News". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  82. "America, United States, Times Online, The Times, Sunday Times". The Times. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  83. "RESPECT - The Unity Coalition - News". Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  84. "http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticleSearch.aspx?storyID=45619+30-Oct-2005+RTRS". Reuters. Retrieved 2005-12-15. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)
  85. "George Galloway - Minister fails to stop Galloway sectarian claim". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  86. Guardian Newspaper-details of the "Fake Sheik" Saga
  87. RESPECT press release on the story
  88. Guardian Article about NoTW's Injunction against Galloway
  89. Tower Hamlets
  90. RESPECT response to GQ article
  91. (The Morning Star, p6, 27 May 2006)
  92. 1 Daily Record article with Anne Moffat's response to Galloway's call for Blair's assasination


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