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| Steve Irwin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 22 February, 1962 Essendon, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 4 September, 2006 near Port Douglas, Queensland, Australia |
| Occupation | Naturalist |
| Spouse | Terri Irwin |
| Children | 2 (Bindi Sue and Bob) |
| Website | www.crocodilehunter.com |
Stephen Robert Irwin (22 February, 1962 – 4 September, 2006) was an Australian naturalist, wildlife expert and television personality. He was best known for the television program The Crocodile Hunter, an unconventional wildlife documentary series broadcast worldwide and co-hosted with his wife Terri. He was also owner and operator of Australia Zoo, in Beerwah, Queensland.
Early Years
Born to Lyn and Bob Irwin in Essendon, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Irwin moved with his parents as a child to Queensland in 1970. Bob Irwin was a reptile enthusiast and when the family moved, Bob and Lyn Irwin started the small Queensland Reptile and Fauna Park, where Steve grew up around crocodiles and other reptiles.
Irwin became involved with the park in a number of ways, including taking part in daily animal feedings, as well as care and maintenance activities. On his sixth birthday he was given a scrub python. He began handling crocodiles at the age of nine, after his father had educated him on reptiles from an early age. He became a crocodile trapper, removing crocodiles from near populated areas, performing the service for free with the quid pro quo that he kept them for the park. Irwin followed in his father's footsteps, becoming a volunteer for the Queensland Government's East Coast Crocodile Management program.
Career
Rise to fame
The park was a family run business until it was turned over to Irwin in 1991. He took over the running of the park, now called Australia Zoo, and in 1992 met (at the park) and married Terri. The footage, shot by John Stainton, of their crocodile-trapping honeymoon became the first episode of The Crocodile Hunter, which became wildly successful in the United States and the UK. His exuberant and enthusiastic presenting style, broad Australian accent, constant wearing of khakis and catch-phrase "Crikey!" became known worldwide: The Crocodile Hunter aired in over 120 countries.
Under Irwin's expansive leadership, the operations grew to include the zoo, the television series, the Steve Irwin Conservation Foundation, and International Crocodile Rescue. Improvements to the Australia Zoo include the Animal Planet Crocoseum, the rainforest aviary, and Tiger Temple. Irwin mentioned that he was considering opening an Australia Zoo in Las Vegas and possibly other sites around the world.
Film
In 2001, Irwin appeared in a cameo role in the Eddie Murphy film Dr. Dolittle 2. In 2002, his first and only feature film The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course was released. In general, reviews of this film were negative. Irwin portrayed himself, in addition to performing numerous stunts for the film. The film follows Irwin who mistakes some CIA agents for poachers. He sets out to stop them from capturing a crocodile, who, unknown to him, has actually swallowed a tracking drone. The film won the Best Family Feature Film award for a comedy film at the Young Artist Awards. The film was produced on a budget of about $12 million, and has grossed over $28 million (as of September 2006). In 2003 Irwin was reportedly in line to host a chat show on Australian network television, a series that never went into production.
Animal Planet
Animal Planet released a "Crocodile Hunter" special called "Crocodiles & Controversy," which attempted to explain some incidents behind Irwin's controversies. This special argues that Irwin's son was never in danger of being eaten by the crocodile, and that Irwin could not have endangered animals in Antarctica.
Animal Planet ended The Crocodile Hunter with a series finale entitled "Steve's Last Adventure." The last Crocodile Hunter documentary went for three emotional hours with footage of Irwin's across-the-world adventure, visiting locations like the Himalayas, the Yangtze River, Borneo, and the Kruger National Park. Irwin went on to star in other Animal Planet documentaries, including The Croc Files, The Crocodile Hunter Diaries, and New Breed Vets.
Later projects
In January 2006 as part of Australia Week celebrations in the USA, Irwin appeared at the Pauley Pavilion, UCLA in Los Angeles, California. During an interview on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Irwin announced that Discovery Kids would be developing a show for his daughter, Bindi Sue. The show, Jungle Girl, was tipped to be similar to The Wiggles movies, with songs that surround a story. A feature-length episode of Australian kids TV show The Wiggles entitled "Wiggly Safari" appears dedicated to Irwin, and he's featured in it heavily with his wife and daughter. The show includes the song "Crocodile Hunter, Big Steve Irwin".
In 2006, the American network The Travel Channel had begun to show a series of specials starring Irwin and his family as they traveled on cross-country tours.
Irwin was an open supporter of the conservative Liberal Party of Australia. In particular, he strongly supported the incumbent Prime Minister John Howard, describing him once as "the greatest leader Australia has ever had" and the "greatest leader in the entire world"; comments which drew a cynical reaction in the national media.
Media work
Irwin was also involved in several media campaigns. He was employed by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service to promote Australia's strict quarantine/customs requirements, with advertisements and posters featuring slogans such as, "Quarantine Matters! Don't muck with it" .
In 2004 he was appointed ambassador for The Ghan, an Adelaide to Darwin train that began operations in 2004. For some time he was sponsored by Toyota, in keeping with his rugged outback image.
He was also a keen promoter for Australian tourism in general and Queensland tourism in particular. In 2002 the Australia Zoo was voted Queensland's top tourist attraction. His immense popularity in the United States meant he often promoted Australia as a tourist destination there.
Honours
In 2001 Irwin was awarded the Centenary Medal for his "service to global conservation and to Australian tourism". In 2004 he was recognised as Tourism Export of the Year. Also in 2004, he was nominated for Australian of the Year, which was won by Steve Waugh. Doubts were cast over his nomination when the "baby Bob" incident occurred in January that year.
Environmentalism
Irwin was a passionate conservationist and believed in promoting environmentalism by sharing his excitement about the natural world rather than preaching to people. He was concerned with conservation of endangered animals and land clearing leading to loss of habitat. He considered conservation to be the most important part of his work: "I consider myself a wild-life warrior. My mission is to save the world's endangered species." Irwin bought "large tracts of land" in Australia, Vanuatu, Fiji and the United States, which he described as "like national parks" and stressed the importance of people realising that they could each make a difference.
He had urged people to take part in considerate tourism and not support illegal poaching through the purchase of items such as turtle shells, or shark-fin soup:
These Hitlers use the camouflage of science to make money out of animals... So whenever they murder our animals and call it sustainable use, I'll fight it. Since when has killing a wild animal, eating it or wearing it, ever saved a species?
There are people who butt out their cigarettes in gorilla-paw ashtrays, with wastepaper baskets that were once elephant feet, who have ivory ornaments… who wear cheetah fur. Don't buy these things! Then there'll be no market and the animals won't be killed.
We have domesticated livestock raised for consumption and perfectly good fake leather and fur, so why must we kill wild animals to satisfy the macabre taste of some rich person?
He founded the Steve Irwin Conservation Foundation, which was later renamed Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, and became an independent charity. He was described after his death by the CEO of RSPCA Queensland as a "modern-day Noah", and British naturalist David Bellamy lauded his skills as a natural historian and media performer. Irwin discovered a new species of turtle that now bears his name, Elseya irwini — Irwin's Turtle — a type of snapping turtle found on the coast of Queensland.
He also helped to found a number of other projects, such as the International Crocodile Rescue, as well as the Lyn Irwin Memorial Fund, in memory of his mother, with proceeds going to the Iron Bark Station Wildlife Rehabilitation Center.
Irwin, however, was criticised for having an unsophisticated view of conservation in Australia that seemed more linked to tourism than the problems Australia faces as a continent. The Sydney Morning Herald reported in 2002 that Irwin had stated:
"Here is my greatest gift to the world," he cries. "We need to stand proud of what is Australia ... the greatest grazing nation on the face of the Earth! The whole joint is grazing land ... and by crikey we're good at it! We should be ... beef and lamb, not kangaroos and crocodiles. They're why come to Australia. They are tourism icons!"
In response to questions of Australia's problems with overgrazing, salinity, erosion, Irwin responded: "Cows have been on our land for so long that Australia has evolved to handle those big animals." The Sydney Morning Herald concluded that his message was confusing and amounted to "eating roos and crocs is bad for tourism, and therefore more cruel than eating other animals".
Media image
Irwin cultivated an image as an "Aussie larrikin", making liberal use of Australian slang (such as his catchcry, "Crikey!") in a very broad Australian accent. His unabashed enthusiasm for dangerous animals and childlike energy sometimes made him appear simple, which initially drew some criticism at home. He expressed disappointment at times for media criticism, believing he was being targeted due to a cultural cringe.
Regardless of local opinion, his media personage was very popular worldwide but especially in the U.S., akin to another great international Australian success — Paul Hogan as "Crocodile Dundee" in the 1980s.
His friends and family often reported that he was to them as he was to the rest of the world — larger than life.
Due to his memorable persona, numerous parodies of Irwin exist, including appearances in 2DTV, Irregular Webcomic!, The Basil Brush Show, It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie, the Flash cartoon On The Moon, The Simpsons, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, Bumfights, the webcomic PvP, and an episode of South Park, among others.
Personal life
Family
In 1992, Irwin married Terri Raines from Eugene, Oregon, in the United States. The pair had met a few months earlier when Terri had visited the zoo on a holiday. Together they had two children: a daughter, Bindi Sue Irwin (born 24 July 1998), and a son, Robert Clarence "Bob" Irwin (born 1 December 2003). Bindi Sue is jointly named after two of Steve's favourite animals: Bindi, a saltwater crocodile, and Sui, a dog that died in June 2004.
Irwin was as enthusiastic about his family as he was about his work. He once described his daughter Bindi as "the reason he was put on the Earth". His wife Terri once said, "The only thing that could ever keep him away from the animals he loves are the people he loves even more."
Controversy
Major controversy arose during a public show on 2 January 2004, when Irwin carried his infant son, Bob, in one arm while feeding a chicken carcass to a crocodile with the other hand. The infant was close to the crocodile, and comparisons were made in the press to Michael Jackson's dangling of his son outside a German hotel window. In addition, child welfare groups, animal rights groups, and many of Irwin's television viewers criticised his actions as being irresponsible and tantamount to child abuse. Irwin claimed that any danger to his son was only a perceived danger and that he was in complete control of the situation, and consistently refused to apologise for his actions despite considerable public outcry both in Australia and abroad. His defenders pointed to his many decades of hands-on experience and direct interaction with crocodiles, as well as his well-known devotion to his responsibilities as a father. Terri Irwin claimed that their child was in no more real danger than a child being taught to swim would be. No charges were filed; according to journalist Claire O'Rourke, Irwin has told child protection officers he would not repeat the stunt. The incident prompted the Queensland government to change its crocodile-handling laws, banning children and untrained adults from entering crocodile enclosures.
In June 2004, allegations were made that he came too close to and disturbed some wildlife (namely whales, seals and penguins) while filming a documentary, Ice Breaker, in Antarctica. Subsequently, the matter was closed without charges being filed.
Death
Shortly after 11:00 a.m. local time (01:00 UTC) on 4 September, 2006, Irwin was fatally pierced in the chest by a short-tail stingray barb while diving in Batt Reef (part of the Great Barrier Reef), off the coast of Port Douglas in Queensland, Australia. Irwin was in the area filming his own documentary, to be called The Ocean's Deadliest, but weather had stalled filming. Irwin decided to take the opportunity to film some shallow water shots for a segment in the television program his daughter Bindi was hosting, when, according to his friend and colleague John Stainton, he swam too close to one of the animals. "He came on top of the stingray and the stingray's barb went up and into his chest and put a hole into his heart," said Stainton, who was on board Irwin's boat, called the Croc I, at the time.
The events were caught on camera, and the footage was handed to the Queensland Police. After reviewing the footage of the incident and speaking to the cameraman who recorded it, marine documentary filmmaker and fisherman Ben Cropp speculated that the stingray "felt threatened because Steve was alongside and there was the cameraman ahead." In such a case, the stingray responds by automatically flexing the serrated barb on its tail up to a maximum of 25 cm (10 in) of length. Cropp said Irwin had accidentally boxed the animal in. "It stopped and twisted and threw up its tail with the spike, and it caught him in the chest. It's a defensive thing. It's like being stabbed with a dirty dagger." The stinging of Irwin by the Bull Ray was "a one-in-a-million thing," Cropp told Time magazine. "I have swum with many rays, and I have only had one do that to me." Immediately after the attack, Irwin was shown on tape pulling the barb out, before losing consciousness. It is thought, in the absence of a coroners report, that either the toxins of the barb caused Irwin to die of an apparent cardiac arrest or that he died quickly as a result of a punctured aorta.
Crewmembers aboard his boat called emergency services in the nearest city of Cairns and administered CPR as they rushed the boat to nearby Lowe Isle to meet a rescue helicopter. Medical staff pronounced Irwin dead when they arrived a short time later.
Irwin's body was flown to a morgue in Cairns. His wife was on a walking tour in Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania at the time, and returned via private plane from Devonport to the Sunshine Coast with their two children.
This was only the third known fatality in Australian history from a stingray attack, and the first since 1945. As of 1996, only seventeen worldwide fatalities had been recorded, and it is believed to be the only fatal attack ever captured on film.
Reaction
The Queensland Police notified his family and released a statement for the media concerning his death. News of his death prompted a public outpouring expressing shock and loss. Australian Prime Minister John Howard expressed his "shock and distress" at the death, saying that "Australia has lost a wonderful and colourful son,". Queensland Premier Peter Beattie extended the offer of a state funeral to Irwin's family, commenting in a Channel Seven television interview that Irwin "will be remembered as not just a great Queenslander, but a great Australian". Beattie also stated a permanent memorial might be constructed in honour of Irwin, though the details of the structure would depend on Irwin's wife. Several Australian news websites went down because of high web traffic and talk-back radio experienced a high volume of callers expressing their grief, commemorating his passion and exuberance.
The U.S. feed of the Animal Planet cable television channel aired a special tribute to Steve Irwin at 6:00pm EST on Monday, 4 September 2006, and they are planning a more complete tribute by showing highlights of Irwin's more than 200 appearances on Discovery networks shows. The president of the Discovery Network, Billy Campbell, released a statement, saying:
Our entire company is deeply saddened by the tragic and sudden loss of Steve Irwin, the Crocodile Hunter. Steve was beloved by millions of fans and animal lovers around the world and was one of our planet's most passionate conservationists. He has graced our air since October 1996 and was essential in building Animal Planet into a global brand.
Animal Planet will rename the garden space in front of Discovery's world headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland, to the "Steve Irwin Memorial Sensory Garden." They are also looking at the creation of the Steve Irwin Crocodile Hunter Fund, which they will call "The Crikey Fund" which will "allow people from across the globe to make contributions in Steve's honor to support wildlife protection, education and conservation."
Trivia
- Irwin was a great fan of the Singapore Zoo, which he considered a sister institution of the Australia Zoo.
- Irwin loved mixed martial arts competitions and trained with Greg Jackson in the fighting/grappling system of Gaidojutsu.
- Irwin appeared in a 2006 ESPN television commercial in their This is SportsCenter series. In the commercial, he wrestled Albert E. Gator, the University of Florida's mascot, to the ground in an ESPN studio hallway.
- In 2004, during an interview with Larry King, he admitted that after receiving many painful bites he had a fear of parrots.
- Irwin was a fan of the Essendon Bombers in the Australian Football League. He grew up in Essendon as a child. Irwin made several appearances with players and was part of an Australian rules football promotion in Los Angeles as part of Australia week in early 2006.
References
- "Biography: Steve Irwin". The Australian. News Limited. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) -
Lee, Sandra (18 June 2000). "Wild Thing". USA Weekend Magazine. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "The Crocodile Hunter:Collision Course". Box Office Mojo. Box Office Mojo, LLC.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, 13 January 2006.
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Devine, Miranda (2003-11-09). "Crikey! Praise for PM puts you in a snake pit". The Sun-Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Google cache copy of a Toyota Australia page: Crikey! Steve Irwin loves his Toyotas!
- ^ King Murdoch, Anna (10 June 2003). "He's smart, by crikey". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Elliot, Geoff (27 January 2006). "Keep it simple, mate". The Australian. News Limited.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)Copy at www.australianmade.com.au - www.itsanhonour.gov.au
- Crocodile Hunter: Croc Hunter Wins Top Export Gong, copy of Sunshine Coast Daily article, originally published 10th December, 2004.
- "Irwin defends stunt". Sydney Morning Herald. 2004-01-06. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Denton, Andrew (2003-10-06). "ENOUGH ROPE with Andrew Denton - episode 30: Steve Irwin". ABC.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Wildlife Warriors: In the Media 2006, copy of an article from Australian Women's Weekly, August 2006.
- Tait, Paul (2006-09-04). "Australia stunned by death of "modern-day Noah"". Reuters.com. Reuters.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - "Elseya irwini". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Commonwealth of Australia.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - Robson, Frank (First published April 2002, republished 2006-09-04). "Crikey, it's raw Stevo!". Good Weekend. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Tourelle, Greg (2006-09-04). "Cultural cringe irked Irwin". stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand Ltd.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - Crowe, Russell (2003-09-22). "Australian Story What Lies Beneath Transcript". ABC.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ King, Larry (2004-11-25). "LARRY KING LIVE Interview With Steve Irwin". CNN. Cable News Network LP, LLLP.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Patrick Barkham (2006-09-06). "It's like a part of Australia has died". Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 2006-09-06.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Inquiry into croc baby stunt". bbc.co.uk. BBC. 2004-01-03.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help); Unknown parameter|accessmonthday=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - O'Rourke, Claire (2004-01-05). "Croc hunter ducks for cover". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Steve Irwin baby concerns prompt law change". Sydney Morning Herald. 2005-02-24. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Middleton, Karen (2004-06-14). "Crocodile Hunter's frolic with whales gets frosty reception". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Irwin cleared after Penguin Probe". BBC News. 2004-06-15. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Croc Hunter Irwin killed by stingray". THE AGE. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Gerard, Ian (4 September 2006). "Steve Irwin's freak death filmed". The Australian. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Rory Callinan (4 September 2006). "Death of a Crocodile Hunter". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Dave Donaghy (2006-09-06). "Irwin death footage 'shocking'". News.com.au. Retrieved 2006-06-06.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Collins, Glenn (4 September 2006). "Stingray Attack Kills Australia's 'Crocodile Hunter'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Hedley Thomas and Nico Hines (2006-09-05). "Fatal stingray attack quick and rare". The Australian. Retrieved 2006-09-05.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Surf Life Saving Australia (September 4, 2006). "Information on Stingrays".
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Stingray Deaths Rare and Agonizing". CNN. Reuters. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Australian wildlife personality Steve Irwin has died" (Press release). Queensland Police Service, Media and Public Affairs Branch. 2006-09-04. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite press release}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) -
"Irwin brought joy to millions: PM". The Australian. 2006-09-04. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Irwin family offered state funeral". The Australian. 2006-09-05. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Condolence books opened for Irwin". The Australian. 2006-09-05. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Richards, David (4 September 2006). "Smart Office News: Steve Irwin Not The Only One To Die". Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) -
Fidler, Richard (2006-09-04). "Tributes flow for Steve Irwin". 612 ABC radio. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Campbell, Billy (2006-09-04). "Discovery Communications, Inc. Mourns Tragic Loss of Steve Irwin" (Press release). Discovery Communications. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
{{cite press release}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Singapore Sling!". International Crocodile Rescue. Retrieved 16 March.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - http://www.australia-week.com/page/AFLMatchSteveIrwinShow
- http://essendonfc.com.au/images/02/ch5.jpg
External links
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- Crocodile Hunter.com (Site may be unreachable at this time)
- Animal Planet
- Steve Irwin at IMDb