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NLP modeling (or modelling) is a process used in neuro-linguistic programming to discover and codify patterns of excellence as demonstrated consistently by top performers in any field, ideally via direct experience (although modeling from books, historical records of people's words, or video is not unknown). It can be thought of as the process of discovering relevant distinctions within these experiential components, as well as relevant sequencing of these components necessary to achieve a specific result.

A "modeling project" involves spending time studying and observing in depth, discussing, and imitating and practicing many different aspects of the subject's thoughts, feelings, beliefs and behaviors (ie, acting ""as if" the modeler is the expert) until the modeler can replicate these with some consistency and precision. Once this has been achieved, the modeler then refines the target skills by removing certain features to eventually discover the essential features distinguishing average performance and top performance, thus building a learnable/transferable model, and tests it by seeing if it can be taught.

The NLP theory behind modeling does not state that anyone can be Einstein. Rather it says that know-how can be separated from the person, documented and transferred experientially, and that the ability to perform the skills can be transferred subject to the modelers own limits, which can change, and improves with practice.

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Detail and examples

Typically a "modeling project" might cover the following sources of behavior:

• Beliefs
• Values
• Internal strategies
• Outcomes
• Sensory perceptions and submodalities
• Physiology (body movement and body language)
• Language patterns
• Fall-back strategies ("what if it isn't working")
• Conscious and unconscious communications
• Perceptual positions
• Locus of consciousness (ie where ones attention is)

Each of these is individually a deep and rich field; there is no point where one knows everything, but as a process of replication, the goal is met when the modeler has enough parts of the puzzle to piece together and document how the subject seems to be doing his competent skills.

Many trainers stress that fully identifying with the model ("embodied" modeling) is an essential part of the modeling process. However, when NLP practitioners do any modeling at all in practice, it is often Analytic Modeling.

Ideally, the result is that the modeler feels that the information of "how the skill is done" is sufficient, and the rest is practice or external limitation rather than understanding of the process.

Other uses include:

• Modeling how a therapeutic client maintains and engages in their "problem behavior", with the intent of learning enough to change it for the better
• Modeling famous or dead people to gain a sense of how they did what they did, and their views and beliefs which allowed them to do so. (Robert Dilts is a proponent of this process, having described models of notable people such as Jesus of Nazareth, Sherlock Holmes, Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla)

Criticisms of modeling

Some NLP proponents have criticised modeling from other than a living person, and believe that with no access to the model (nor quality video), it is not possible to test whether the model is accurate.

Similarly, scientists have criticised NLP modeling, stating that it is impossible to determine a "correct" model, and that applying one particular model to everyone is over-simplistic, and will be no substitute for hard earned expertise (Carroll, 2003). NLP proponents reply that in common with most forms of heuristic approximation, there is not intended to be "one correct way", but only more and less effective and transferable models.

Referring to "The Map is not the Territory", one of NLP's main presuppositions, NLP proponents reply that in common with most forms of heuristic approximation, there is not intended to be "one correct way", but only more and less effective and transferable models.

Other information

• Robert Dilts and John Grinder argue for a distinction between Analytic Modeling and "NLP modeling" that requires unconscious uptake via imitation. (announced October 17 2005-)

See also

Charles Faulkner

External links

• Description of modeling, its methods and uses
• Discussion forum for NLP, and modeling
• Modeling in human resources - 1997 paper
• Modeling in organizations

• Neuro-Linguistic Programming concepts and methods