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The Epoch Times

Front page of The Epoch Times New York edition for March 18, 2016
Type	International newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner(s)	Epoch Media Group
Founder(s)	John Tang
Publisher	Epoch Media Group
Founded	2000
Political alignment	Conservatism, anti-communism
Language	Multiple, mainly Chinese and English
Headquarters	New York City, U.S.
Circulation	1,314,375 (2012, unaudited)
Website	www.theepochtimes.com

The Epoch Times is a multi-language newspaper founded in 2000 by John Tang and a group of Chinese Americans associated with the Falun Gong spiritual movement. The newspaper covers general interest topics with a focus on news about China and its human rights issues. For its articles, the publication draws from a network within China, as well as Chinese expatriates living in the West. Along with its critical coverage of the Communist Party of China, the paper is becoming known for its support of U.S. President Donald Trump and favorable coverage of right-wing politicians in Europe. Its news sites and YouTube channels have been criticized for spreading conspiracy theories such as QAnon and anti-vaccination propaganda.

The Epoch Times is distributed in overseas Chinese communities, and has been publishing in Chinese since May 2000. It is either sold or distributed free-of-charge in 35 countries, including various intranational regional editions. It has editions in English, Chinese and nine other languages in print, as well as 21 different languages on the internet. Weekly print editions are also available. A typical issue includes sections for world and national news, op-eds, sports, entertainment, business, arts and culture, travel, health, and automobiles. The Epoch Times websites are blocked in mainland China, but people can access the newspaper using VPNs that function in mainland China.

History

The Epoch Times was founded in 2000 by John Tang and other Chinese Americans associated with the spiritual practice Falun Gong. The founders said they were responding to censorship inside China and a lack of international understanding about the Chinese government's repression of Falun Gong. In May 2000, the paper was first published in the Chinese language in New York, with the web launch in August 2000.

By 2003, The Epoch Times website and group of newspapers had grown into one of the largest Chinese-language news sites and newspaper groups outside China, with local editions in the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and major Western European countries. The first English edition launched online in 2003, followed by the New York print edition in 2004.

In 2000, ten of The Epoch Times correspondents were imprisoned in China, but current staff of the Chinese-language edition work in Hong Kong.

According to NBC News, "little is publicly known about the precise ownership, origins or influences of The Epoch Times," and it is loosely organized into several regional tax free non-profits, under the umbrella of the Epoch Media Group, together with New Tang Dynasty TV. Its revenue in 2017 was $8.1 million USD, and reported a spending of $7.2 million USD.

Distribution

As of February 2012, 67 The Epoch Times newspaper editions are published in print on 5 continents. They are available in 11 languages and have a distribution of 1,315,000 copies in 35 countries. Distribution varies from daily to monthly.

The Epoch Times is available in 21 languages on the internet. In Chinese there are websites for Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Australia as well as the main Chinese website. The Epoch Times receives 105 million page views per month from 20 million visitors.

In April 2019, videos and ads from the Epoch Media Group including The Epoch Times and New Tang Dynasty (NTD) totaled 3 billion views on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter, according to the analytics company Tubular. That ranked it 11th among all video creators, and ahead of any other traditional news publisher, according to NBC News.

Launch dates and summaries

Other languages

• Japanese – distributed in Tokyo and printed on a bi-weekly basis
• Korean – distributed in specific areas of Seoul on a weekly basis
• Indonesian – distributed in Jakarta
• Romanian
• Vietnamese, Swedish (internet-only editions)

Editions

New York edition

The Epoch Times' flagship New York edition is typically around 50 pages, divided into four sections. Section "A" is primarily devoted to current events, with several pages devoted to China issues and politics. Section A also includes opinion pages, sports, science & technology, business and real estate. Section "B" is Arts & Culture—covering classical art forms, exhibits and events. Section B also includes Style and an "Essence of China" page devoted to traditional Chinese culture, stories, and art forms. Section "C" focuses on health and fitness featuring mainstream medical science, alternative and Chinese medical treatments. Section "D" is Food which focuses on cooking and local restaurants.

Other English editions

Outside of New York, other English editions typically take the form of a 16–24-page broadsheet. The content is a shorter version of the New York edition, with a focus on each edition's local region.

Chinese edition

Print editions range from 30 to 80 pages. A typical print edition includes sections on local and national news, China, world, health, science, autos, real estate, arts & culture, style, home, food, dining, and special sections covering traditional Chinese culture and values.

According to the Canadian Circulations Audit Board, The Epoch Times is the first and the only Chinese-language daily newspaper in Canada to complete a circulation audit.

Relationship to Falun Gong

English The Epoch Times chair Stephen Gregory said in 2007: "It's not a Falun Gong newspaper. Falun Gong is a question of an individual's belief. The paper's not owned by Falun Gong, it doesn't speak for Falun Gong, it doesn't represent Falun Gong. It does cover the persecution of Falun Gong in China."

Associated Press reporter Nahal Toosi wrote that it is "technically inaccurate" to say that the Falun Gong organization owns The Epoch Times, but many of the newspaper's staffers are Falun Gong practitioners. Toosi noted that "many observers" have said that Falun Gong uses the newspaper as part of a public relations campaign.

Canadian scholar Clement Tong wrote that The Epoch Times "operates as a mouthpiece for" Falun Gong, despite the absence of an official statement of affiliation with the movement.

In 2008, David Ownby, director of the Center for East Asian Studies at the Université de Montréal and the author of Falun Gong and the Future of China, said the newspaper is set up by Falun Gong practitioners with their own money. He describes The Epoch Times as wishing to be taken seriously as a global newspaper rather than being judged on the basis of its strong association with Falun Gong. He wrote: "Epoch Times is a newspaper with a mission, that of reporting on issues bearing on human rights throughout the world, which allows for considerable focus on China and Falun Gong."

In 2009, Li Hongzhi, the founder of Falun Gong, appeared at the newspaper's office in New York City and called for the expansion of The Epoch Times to "become regular media." Former employees also noted the involvement of Falun Gong practitioners in the management and editorial process.

While many individuals involved in the production of the newspaper practice Falun Gong, according to sociologist Zhao Yuezhi, it seeks to present itself as "public interest-oriented" and "independent of any political and business groups ... objectively and fairly reporting facts and truth." Its reporting on Chinese affairs often highlights negative news about the Chinese government and coverage of Falun Gong in a sympathetic light. In this view, the paper articulates Falun Gong's views on a range of issues, and may be part of a de facto media alliance with democracy activists in exile. The newspaper has been described by some scholars as a mouthpiece for Falun Gong, connected with the group and carrying sympathetic coverage of it. A spokesperson for the newspaper says it does not speak for the practice.

The Epoch Times runs frequent promotional stories about the Shen Yun dance troupe, which is affiliated with Falun Gong. A critical review of Shen Yun in The New Yorker called The Epoch Times "the world’s foremost purveyor of Shen Yun content."

In 2019, an investigative piece by NBC News found the paper espoused "enthusiastic support for Trump’s agenda, and the exposure of what the publication claims is a labyrinthian, global conspiracy led by Clinton and former President Barack Obama to tear down Trump." The NBC News story suggested that Falun Gong believers' anticipation of a judgment day, in which communists are sent to hell and Falun Gong's allies are spared, may be affecting Epoch Times political coverage. Former Epoch Times employees told NBC News that Trump is viewed as a key anti-communist ally.

Notable coverage

Organ harvesting in China

In March 2006, The Epoch Times published the allegations of three Chinese individuals who said that thousands of Falun Gong practitioners had been killed to supply China's organ transplant industry, including a doctor, who said there were 36 concentration camps all over China. The Kilgour–Matas report stated that "the source of 41,500 transplants for the six year period 2000 to 2005 is unexplained" and "we believe that there has been and continues today to be large scale organ seizures from unwilling Falun Gong practitioners". Appendix 16 of the revised report refuted Harry Wu's negative comments.

In 2008, two United Nations Special Rapporteurs reiterated their requests for "the Chinese government to fully explain the allegation of taking vital organs from Falun Gong practitioners and the source of organs for the sudden increase in organ transplants that has been going on in China since the year 2000". The Chinese government has consistently denied the allegations. The parliaments of Canada and the European Union, Taiwan, and the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee of the United States House of Representatives have adopted resolutions condemning organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners of conscience.

Other reports

During the 2009 New York City Comptroller elections, The Epoch Times alleged that Taiwan-born Democratic nominee John Liu is part of a "United Front" by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to infiltrate the United States and subvert its government, democracy, and human rights in general. The newspaper alleged that "the CCP works tenaciously and systematically to place its people in key positions in corporations, academia, and government in the United States and other countries." The Epoch Times also published an 8-page "special edition", and also featured on its website a section focused on coverage of Liu's reported ties with CCP officials.

During Hu Jintao's visit to Canada in June 2010, the Toronto Star noted that The Epoch Times had published several "hard-hitting" critical stories on Hu's visit, such as allegations of the local Chinese embassy's orchestration of welcome parades, as well as an alleged recording of a speech by the first secretary of education Liu Shaohua, in which Liu stated that embassy would provide accommodation and transport for over 3,000 participants in the welcome parade.

Canadian media reported that the parliamentary press office made deliberate arrangements in relation to Hu's public appearances limiting The Epoch Times' access to the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, even though the newspaper is an accredited member of the Canadian Parliamentary Press Gallery. The paper carried an exclusive interview with outspoken Canadian Member of Parliament Rob Anders, wherein Anders alleged that the Chinese government used gifts and business deals in attempts to influence Canadian political decisions.

Editorial stance

The editorial stance of The Epoch Times is generally considered anti-communist, specifically opposing the Communist Party of China.

In recent years, the newspaper has also been noted for favorable coverage of the Trump administration and the German far right.

According to a report by NBC News, The Epoch Times "generally stayed out of U.S. politics" before 2016, "unless they dovetailed with Chinese interests." Ben Hurley, a former Epoch Times employee until 2013, told NBC News that the newspaper was critical toward abortion and LGBT, and that Falun Gong practitioners "saw communism everywhere" including in figures like Hillary Clinton and Kofi Annan who were considered sellouts, "but there was more room for disagreements in the early days." Since 2016, according to NBC News, The Epoch Times has promoted favorable coverage of Donald Trump's campaign and presidency, and emphasized issues such as Islamic terrorism and illegal immigration to the United States.

The newspaper counters what it considers to be Chinese Communist Party propaganda through its own opinion pieces and reporting. The newspaper covers causes and groups opposed to the CCP, including Falun Gong, dissidents, activists, and supporters of the Tibetan government-in-exile. The paper also reports on Falun Gong-related news, including the group's attempt to sue former Communist Party general secretary Jiang Zemin under civil legislation for genocide, not covered by most other overseas Chinese-language newspapers.

The newspaper is also at odds with the Taiwanese-owned newspaper World Journal, accusing it of being a "megaphone for the evil Chinese Communist Party".

The Epoch Times is well known for alleging conspiracies by former Communist Party general secretary Jiang Zemin, under whose administration the Falun Gong was prosecuted.

In 2005, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that "three new U.S.-based, Chinese-language media outlets that provide provocative reporting about the Communist Party, government oppression and social unrest in China have ties to the Falun Gong spiritual movement." When interviewed, executives at each outlet said they did not represent the Falun Gong movement as a whole.

The Epoch Times also runs mainstream newswire stories and in some places can resemble a community newspaper. According to sociologist Zhao Yuezhi, "While mainstream newspaper typically treat Web versions as an extension of the already-existing print version, The Epoch Times website serves as the master for all its worldwide papers."

In some cases The Epoch Times operates in a hostile overseas environment, in which "overseas Chinese media companies choosing to remain independent or publish non-approved content become the targets of an aggressive campaign of elimination or control." In one instance Chinese diplomatic officials made threats against media for reporting Falun Gong-related content; in other cases, advertisers have been regularly threatened not to support The Epoch Times in any way. Communist Party authorities have been accused of resorting to "militant methods" against the newspaper and its staff, including attacking staff and destroying computer equipment.

The newspaper reported that in 2005 the Communist Party "exerted hard and soft pressure" on printing houses in Hong Kong, forcing the paper to stop printing, after it reported on Tibet, human rights, Falun Gong, and was the first media to break the story on SARS. The newspaper was also briefly banned from Malaysia after coming under reported pressure by the Chinese Communist Party.

In 2016, the newspaper was removed from the pharmacy of Australian National University, after the President of the Chinese Students and Scholars Association confronted the pharmacist and threw out the papers. The incident drew national media coverage over questions of Chinese government sponsored overseas student organizations.

In September 2017, The German edition of the newspaper, The Epoch Times Deutschland, which became Web-only in 2012, was accused by online magazine The China File of being aligned with the German far-right, and attractive to readers supportive of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party and the anti-immigrant group Pegida.

Trump administration

According to BuzzFeed News, The Epoch Times is known as "one of the staunchest defenders of Donald Trump's presidency." The paper has championed Trump's Spygate conspiracy theory in its news coverage and advertising, and an affiliated YouTube channel called "Edge of Wonder" has spread the pro-Trump QAnon conspiracy theory.

In April 2018, The Epoch Times publisher Stephen Gregory and editor-in-chief Jasper Fakkert reported a third-hand claim that Donald Trump reads The Epoch Times every day and "it's the one newspaper that he believes to be a truthful and correct paper."

In September 2018, The Epoch Times photographer Samira Bouaou broke White House protocol and handed Trump a folder during an official event.

In October 2018, Fakkert, the editor-in-chief, wrote in a letter to readers: "We see the Trump administration's efforts to change socialist policies in America, as well as set policies to counter infiltration and subversion by China, as remarkable reversals from past policies, and sincere efforts that, if fully realized, will benefit America and the world as a whole."

The Epoch Times spent more than $1.5 million on about 11,000 pro-Trump advertisements on Facebook in six months of 2019 — more than any group except the Trump campaign itself, according to an NBC News investigation. Political ad spending in April 2019 through a Facebook account called "Coverage of the Trump Presidency by The Epoch Times" exceeded that of any politician except Trump and Democrat Joe Biden. In May 2019, journalist Judd Legum wrote that it was running "hundreds of Facebook ads (some of which are still active) boosting Donald Trump and floating conspiracy theories about Joe Biden".

In August 2019, Facebook banned The Epoch Times from advertising on its platform, after finding that the newspaper broke Facebook's transparency rules by hiding its ads spreading pro-Trump conspiracy theories under page names such as “Honest Paper” and “Pure American Journalism." Gregory, The Epoch Times publisher, denied that the paper intended to violate Facebook's rules, and wrote that “All the advertising was clearly for Epoch Times print subscriptions.”

Editorials

Nine commentaries on the Communist Party

Since November 2004, the Chinese version of The Epoch Times has published and promoted a series of editorials and a booklet titled "Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party" (traditional Chinese: 九評共產黨; simplified Chinese: 九评共产党). The editorials expose the CCP's often violent political campaigns through its history, from its ascent to power under Mao Zedong to its present-day form. The CCP was criticized as an illegitimate institution which used underhanded tactics to gain power. The commentaries allege that the CCP "destroyed traditional Chinese culture" and brands the CCP an "evil cult". According to Ownby, the Commentaries are a condemnation of Communism and direct indictment on the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party in ruling China. While acknowledging the "unnecessary violence" the Chinese Communist Party has inflicted, as a professional historian Ownby finds that the lack of balance and nuance in tone and style makes the editorial resemble "anti-Communist propaganda written in Taiwan in the 1950s." The commentaries won an award in 2005.

The Nine Commentaries have been translated into more than 30 other languages and released as a DVD. The Nine Commentaries have been credited by the newspaper and prominent leaders of the expatriate Chinese community, with sparking an exodus from the CCP and its affiliated organizations.

The website of The Epoch Times hosts a "CCP Renunciations" service, encouraging Chinese to quit the CCP and related organizations.

The number of people who have resigned from the Communist Party of China or its affiliate organizations, is published in Chinese editions of the newspaper. The counter stood at over 320 million on December 4. 2018.

Assessments

James Bettinger, a professor of Communications at Stanford University and the director of the John S. Knight Journalism Fellowships, said "Even if Epoch Times is not associated with Falun Gong, if they consistently write about Falun Gong in the same perspective, or if there are no articles examining Falun Gong, people would perceive it as being not credible." Orville Schell, dean of the Graduate School of Journalism at University of California, Berkeley, said in 2005 that "It's hard to vouch for their quality because it's difficult to corroborate, but it's not something to be dismissed as pure propaganda."

In his 2008 book on Falun Gong, David Ownby wrote that The Epoch Times articles are "well written and interesting, if occasionally idiosyncratic in their coverage." According to Ownby, the newspaper has been praised and also criticized for a perceived bias against the CCP, and support of Falun Gong practitioners and other dissidents such as Tibetans, Taiwanese independence advocates, democracy activists, Uyghurs and others. The paper, therefore, is often assessed in light of its connection to Falun Gong, rather than a thorough analysis of its editorial content.

Jiao Guobiao, a former Beijing University journalism professor who was dismissed after criticizing the Central Propaganda Department, proposed that even if The Epoch Times published only negative information highly critical of the CCP, the weight of their attacks could never begin to counterbalance the positive propaganda the party publishes about itself. In addressing media balance, Jiao noted that the Chinese public lacked negative, critical information regarding their country. As such, he noted for a need of media balance based on the principles of freedom, equality, and legality, and that media balance "is the result of the collective imbalances of all".

The paper has also been lauded by some political commentators and media experts. Ethan Gutmann of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, a neoconservative think tank, has characterized The Epoch Times as a leader in political analysis of the Chinese regime, writing: "With the "Chinese Regime in Crisis" series, Epoch Times has finally and indisputably arrived. Any China expert who wants to save face by pretending the paper doesn't exist can continue to do so—for a little while anyway—but they had better be reading it in secret."

In 2010, The Epoch Times successfully defended its reporting in the Canadian court system, when a publisher it had reported on, Crescent Chau of Les Presses Chinoises, sued for libel. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that The Epoch Times article expressed "legitimate concerns and constitute an opinion which is drawn from a factual premise." In examining the case, John Gordon Miller, a Canadian journalist and media professor, noted that articles in question "appear to be thoroughly and professionally reported".

The Epoch Times has been criticized by some scholars for biases, particularly regarding the Chinese Communist Party and mainland China issues, as well as for being a "mouthpiece" of the Falun Gong movement. James To, a New Zealand political scientist, described The Epoch Times as the "primary mouthpiece" of Falun Gong, writing that it "lacks credibility", despite the newspaper posing a "viable threat to the CCP" by publishing articles about the party's negative aspects. In his book Blocked on Weibo: What Gets Suppressed on China's Version of Twitter and Why, University of Toronto research fellow Jason Q. Ng referred to the paper's coverage of mainland China issues as "heavily biased against the Communist Party" and thus its reportage "should be viewed skeptically."

Hayes Brown of Buzzfeed News called The Epoch Times "one of the staunchest defenders of Donald Trump's presidency."

The web-only, German edition of the paper, Epoch Times Deutschland, has been criticized by media analysts for its favorable coverage of far right populist groups such as the Alternative for Germany and Pegida, both of which proclaim anti-immigrant views, and promotion of skepticism towards mainstream German media and politicians. A German media report described the outlet, along with Sputnik News and Kopp Report, as a "favorite" of Pegida supporters, and found that its articles critical of immigration have been shared almost daily.

According to Ming Xia, political science professor at the Graduate Center at the City University of New York, The Epoch Times represents part of Falun Gong's effort to expand to non-practitioners, and "is part of the Falun Gong strategy to embed itself into the large civil society for influence and legitimacy". He described The Epoch Times staff as largely part-time and volunteer, and said they "do not follow the protocols professional journalists abide by."

Awards

• 2012 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal — Canadian publisher Cindy Gu of The Epoch Times was one of about 60,000 recipients awarded this commemorative medal, which honors "significant contributions and achievements by Canadians." She was nominated for the medal by the Canadian Centre for Abuse Awareness for raising awareness of human rights abuses in China and the organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners.
• 2012 National Ethnic Press and Media Council Award —The Chinese edition of The Epoch Times was one of nine newspapers given an award for "excellence in editorial/free expression, best concept and visual presentation."
• 2012 New York Press Association Award — The Epoch Times won first place in the category "Best Special Section — Advertising, Division 2" for a special section produced for Asia Week New York in March 2012. "A great special section has five strong components: a great cover, appealing design, good art, strong content, and well-designed complimentary advertising. This section has all five", said the NYPA judges. "In all, this is one of the nicest sections I have ever seen produced by a newspaper."
• 2012 Society of Professional Journalists' Sigma Delta Chi Award — The Epoch Times China reporter Matthew Robertson won this award in the category of Non-Deadline Reporting in newspapers with a circulation of less than 50,000 per day, for a series of articles he wrote on forced, live organ harvesting in China.
• 2013 Newswomen's Club Award — The Epoch Times New York reporter Genevieve Belmaker won a Front Page Award from the Newswomen's Club of New York for reporting on the effects of Hurricane Sandy, in the category of newspapers with a circulation of less than 100,000 per day.

See also

• Falun Gong-related groups:

• New Tang Dynasty Television
• Shen Yun Performing Arts
• Sound of Hope

• World Journal

Footnotes

1. ^ "The Epoch Times – Worldwide distribution". Archived 17 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 6 March 2014.
2. BETSY MORAIS. "The Epoch Times doesn't like to brag". Retrieved December 23, 2016.
3. "Falun Gong Fields Media Weapons". Wall Street Journal. April 14, 2004.
4. "The Epoch Times – Our Story: The Grand Epoch Is Here" Archived April 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine theepochtimes.com
5. Thomas Lum (August 11, 2006). "China and Falun Gong" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
6. ^ Hua, Vanessa (December 18, 2005). "Dissident media linked to Falun Gong / Chinese-language print, broadcast outlets in U.S. are making waves". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 9, 2006.
7. Peter Schworm (December 3, 2007). "Chinese-American activists decry China's communism". The Boston Globe.
8. ^ "The Epoch Times Really, Really Loves The Trump Administration". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
9. ^ "A Letter to Our Readers Regarding BuzzFeed's Reporting About The Epoch Times". The Epoch Times. October 23, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
10. ^ "The Epoch of Social Media". popular.info. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
11. ^ Brandy Zadrozny and Ben Collins (August 20, 2019). "Trump, QAnon and an impending judgment day: Behind the Facebook-fueled rise of The Epoch Times". NBC News.
12. ^ "Facebook bans ads from The Epoch Times after huge pro-Trump buy". NBC News. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
13. ^ "Trump, QAnon and an impending judgment day: Behind the Facebook-fueled rise of The Epoch Times". NBC News. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
14. "Vaccines - The Epoch Times". www.theepochtimes.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
15. ^ Gossett, Sherrie (June 15, 2005). "Independent Chinese Newspaper Bucks Communists". aim.org. Accuracy in Media. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
16. ^ "The Epoch Times – Global Print Archive" Archived May 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine printarchive.epochtimes.com
17. ^ The Epoch Times – Other Languages Archived July 30, 2015, at the Wayback Machine theepochtimes.com Retrieved 28 Apr 2013
18. "The New Era" Archived May 29, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Langara Journalism Review, 1 June 2011
19. |title="The Epoch Times", Falun Gong, and Me|https://www.williamgairdner.ca/the-epoch-times-falun-gong-and-me/
20. Thomas Lum (August 11, 2006). "China and Falun Gong" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
21. Ownby 2008, p. 223.
22. ^ "The Epoch Times – About Us" Archived November 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine theepochtimes.com access-date 6 March 2014
23. ^ Zhao, Yuezhi, "Falun Gong, Identity, and the Struggle over Meaning Inside and Outside China", pp 209–223 in Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World, edited by Nick Couldry and James Curran (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003)
24. "Epoch Times Marks 10 Years in Canada". Epoch Times. March 17, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
25. "The Epoch Times – Online readership" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine ads.epochtimes.com
26. "The Epoch Times – Milestones" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine ads.epochtimes.com
27. "The Epoch Times – Websites" Archived January 20, 2015, at archive.today ads.epochtimes.com
28. ^ The Epoch Times Print Archives – New York Edition Retrieved 30 Apr 2013
29. "The Epoch Times E-Paper". Retrieved April 30, 2013.
30. "Multicultural marketing the visible majority" 12 March 2012 marketingmag.ca
31. "Media Associations – Media Information on Canadian Circulations Audit Board". Cardonline.ca. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
32. "Epoch Times Canada's First Audited Daily Chinese Newspaper". The Epoch Times. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
33. ^ "Paper denies representing Falun Gong". Washington Post. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
34. ^ Tong, Clement (2015). "Western Apocalyptic Narratives in the International Arena". In Jean-Guy A. Goulet; Liam D. Murphy; Anastasia Panagakos (eds.). Religious Diversity Today: Experiencing Religion in the Contemporary World. Vol. 3. ABC-CLIO. p. 71. ISBN 9781440833328.
35. ^ Ownby, David (2008). Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford University Press. p. 223. ISBN 9780199716371.
36. Ownby, David (2008). Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 9780199716371.
37. ^ Ownby 2008, p. 221.
38. Couldry, Nick; Curran, James (September 22, 2003). Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780742575202.
39. ^ Groot, Gerry; Stafford, Glen (2012). "China and South Australia". In John Spoehr; Purnendra Jain (eds.). The Engaging State: South Australia's Engagement with the Asia-Pacific Region. Wakefield Press. p. 103. ISBN 9781743051573. In related vein, another paper with wide distribution but published elsewhere is The Epoch Times (Dajiyuan shibao), the qigong meditation religious group Falun gong mouth-piece, which runs a strong anti-communist line.
40. ^ Thornton, Patricia M. (2008). "Manufacturing Dissent in Transnational China". In Kevin J. O'Brien (ed.). Popular Protest in China. Harvard Contemporary China. Vol. 15. Harvard University Press. pp. 199–200. ISBN 9780674041585.
41. ^ James Jiann Hua To (2014). Qiaowu: Extra-Territorial Policies for the Overseas Chinese. Brill. p. 97. ISBN 9789004272286.
42. Noakes, Stephen (June 2010). "Falun Gong, Ten Years On". Pacific Affairs. 83 (2): 349–57. doi:10.5509/2010832349. The Epoch Times newspaper also serves as a mouthpiece for Falun Gong internationally...
43. ^ Ellwood, Robert S.; Csikszentmihalyi, Mark A. (2007). "East Asian Religions". In Jacob Neusner (ed.). World Religions in America. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 217. ISBN 9781611640472. ... the Epoch Times, an anticommunist newspaper connected with Falun Gong organization...
44. ^ Sun, Wanning (2009). Media and the Chinese Diaspora: Community, Communications and Commerce. Routledge. p. xi. ISBN 9781134263592. ...the Epoch Times – a globally circulated pro-Falun Gong, anti-Communist Chinese-language newspaper...
45. ^ Denton, Kirk A. (2011). "Yan'an as a Site of Memory". In Marc Andre Matten (ed.). Places of Memory in Modern China: History, Politics, and Identity. Leiden Series in Comparative Historiography. Vol. 5. Brill. p. 268. ISBN 9789004219014. An article in the anti-Communist, Falun Gong Epoch Times claims, without citing any sources, that Zhang's death was the result of an accident involving opium use.
46. Tolentino, Jia (March 19, 2019). "Stepping Into the Uncanny, Unsettling World of Shen Yun". ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
47. "Worse Than Any Nightmare—Journalist Quits China to Expose Concentration Camp Horrors and Bird Flu Coverup" Archived February 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Epoch Times, 10 March 2006
48. "New Witness Confirms Existence of Chinese Concentration Camp, Says Organs Removed from Live Victims" The Epoch Times, 17 March 2006
49. ^ "Source Reveals Other Chinese Concentration Camps" The Epoch Times, 31 March 2006
50. ^ David Kilgour, David Matas (6 July 2006, revised 31 January 2007) "An Independent Investigation into Allegations of Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners in China" (in 22 languages) organharvestinvestigation.net
51. "United Nations Human Rights Special Rapporteurs Reiterate Findings on China's Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners" Archived May 12, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Information Daily.com, 9 May 2008
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53. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (June 25, 2015). "H.Res.343 – Expressing concern regarding persistent and credible reports of systematic, state-sanctioned organ harvesting from non-consenting prisoners of conscience in the People's Republic of China, including from large numbers of Falun Gong practitioners and members of other religious and ethnic minority groups". congress.gov. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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