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| Burmese–Siamese wars | |
|---|---|
The Burmese–Siamese wars also known as the Yodian wars (Template:Lang-my), were a series of wars fought between Burma and Siam from the 16th to 19th centuries.
During the Empires / Dynasties of the Toungoo (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam)
| No. | Name | Results | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549) | Siamese defensive victory | First Siege of Ayutthaya
Burma captures Tavoy from Siam in 1547–1548, and invades Siam in 1548–1549 but is unsuccessful at capturing Ayutthaya. |
| 2 | Burmese–Siamese War (1563–1564) | Burmese victory | Second Siege of Ayutthaya Also called the War over the White Elephants. Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma. |
| 3 | Burmese–Siamese War (1568–1569) | Burmese victory | Third Siege of Ayutthaya Siam rebels. Burma invades and recaptures Ayutthaya. Siam remains a vassal of Burma. |
| 4 | Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593) | Siamese victory | Fourth Siege of Ayutthaya After Siam declares independence in 1584, Burma invades Siam five times but is driven back each time. |
| 5 | Burmese–Siamese War (1593–1600) | Siamese victory | First Siamese Invasion of Burma Siam conquers the Tenasserim coastal region to Martaban. Lan Na (Chiang Mai) becomes a vassal of Siam, c. 1602 |
| 6 | Burmese–Siamese War (1609–1622) | Burmese victory | Wars of Nyaungyan restoration Burma regains Martaban and Tavoy (1613), and Lan Na (1614). |
| 7 | Burmese–Siamese War (1662–1664) | Burmese defensive victory | Second Siamese Invasion of Burma Siam briefly captures the upper Tenasserim coast to Martaban in 1662 before driven back. In 1663, Siam again invades upper Tenasserim coast and Lan Na, capturing Chiang Mai. Siamese forces evacuate Chiang Mai in 1664. |
| 8 | Burmese–Siamese War (1675–1676) | Burmese defensive victory
Siamese defensive victory |
Burma successfully defends the Upper Tenasserim coast (1675).
Siam successfully defends against a counter Burmese invasion (1675–1676). |
| 9 | Burmese–Siamese War (1700–1701) | Siamese defensive victory | Siam successfully defends against a Burmese invasion. |
During the Empires / Dynasties of Konbaung (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam)
| No. | Name | Results | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burmese–Siamese War (1759–1760) | Burmese victory | Fifth Siege of Ayutthaya Burma conquers the Tenasserim coastal region down to the Tavoy–Mergui frontier. Burma besieges the Ayutthaya but returns home when their King is injured and becomes ill. |
| 2 | Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) | Burmese victory | Sixth Siege of Ayutthaya Burma invades Siam and besieges Ayutthaya, ending the Ayutthaya Kingdom. |
During the Empires / Dynasties of Konbaung (Burma)–Thonburi (Siam)
| No. | Name | Results | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Battle of Pho Sam Ton (1767) | Siamese victory | Taksin's Reunification of Siam Six months after the Fall of Ayutthaya, King Taksin marched from Chanthaburi against the Burmese garrison at Pho Sam Ton near Ayutthaya that had been maintaining Burmese control over Central Siam. Taksin defeated the Burmese at Pho Sam Ton and took control over Central Siam. |
| 2 | Battle of Bangkung (1768) | Siamese victory | Burmese Invasion of Western Siam After King Taksin had taken control of Central Siam, the Burmese governor of Tavoy led an expeditionary force to invade Western Siam. The Burmese attacked Bangkung, Samut Songkhram. King Taksin took his forces to successfully repel the invading Burmese. |
| 3 | Burmese–Siamese War (1771) | Burmese victory | Siamese Expedition to Chiangmai Siam invaded Burmese-held Chiangmai but failed to take the city. |
| 4 | Burmese–Siamese War (1774–1775) | Siamese victory | Siamese Expedition to Chiangmai Siam invaded Burmese-held Chiangmai. Siam managed to take Chiangmai and began the transfer of Lanna from Burmese rule to Siamese domination. |
| 5 | Bangkaeo Campaign (1775) | Siamese victory | Burmese Invasion of Western Siam King Hsinbyushin ordered Maha Thiha Thura to invade Siam. Maha Thiha Thura sent his generals to invade Western Siam through the Three Pagodas Pass. King Taksin took his armies to encircle the Burmese at Bangkaeo, Ratchaburi. The Burmese surrendered. |
| 6 | Burmese–Siamese War (1775–1776) | Siamese tactical victory
Burmese strategic victory |
Maha Thiha Thura's Invasion of Siam After Burmese defeat at Bangkaeo, Maha Thiha Thura personally led his armies to invade Hua Mueang Nuea or Northern Siam. The Burmese besieged Phitsanulok, which fell to the Burmese. Untimely demise of King Hsinbyushin in 1776 prompted the Burmese to retreat and end the campaign prematurely. |
| 7 | Burmese–Siamese War (1777) | Burmese victory | Burmese Invasion of Chiangmai The Burmese marched a huge army to reclaim the city of Chiangmai, resulting in the abandonment of Chiangmai. |
During the Empires / Dynasties of Konbaung (Burma)–Rattanakosin (Siam)
| No. | Name | Results | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786) | Siamese defensive victory | The Nine Armies' War Burma tries to capture Siam, and is soundly defeated. |
| 2 | Burmese–Siamese War (1788) | Burmese defensive victory | Siamese Invasion of Tenasserim
Siam tries to capture Tavoy, and reclaim the Tenasserim coast but fails. |
| 3 | Burmese–Siamese War (1792–1794) | Burmese defensive victory | Siamese Invasion of Tenasserim Siam unsuccessfully tries to regain the lower Tenasserim coast (Tavoy and Mergui. |
| 4 | Burmese–Siamese War (1797–1798) | Siamese defensive victory | Burmese Invasion of Chiang Mai Burma invades Lan Na and besieges Chiang Mai. The city was taken, but Kawila asks for reinforcement from Rama I, which helped them recapture the city. |
| 5 | Burmese–Siamese War (1802–1805) | Siamese victory | Siamese Invasion of Chiang Saen Burma attacks Lan Na, but is defeated again. Siam and its ally Lan Na attacks and expels the Burmese from their stronghold at Chiang Saen. |
| 6 | Burmese–Siamese War (1809–1812) | Siamese defensive victory | Burmese Invasion of Thalang Burma unsuccessfully attempts to capture Junk Ceylon and is repelled in 1810 and 1812. |
| 7 | First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) | British victory | Siamese participation in the First Anglo-Burmese War Conflict mostly between Burma and the United Kingdom. Siam, as a nominal British ally, secures the Burney Treaty with the British East India Company and briefly invades Burma. |
| 8 | Burmese–Siamese War (1849–1855) | Burmese defensive victory | Siamese Invasion of Kengtung and Chiang Hung Siam tries to take over Kengtung and Chiang Hung during the Second Anglo-Burmese War. Local Shan sawbwas hold out until Burma's main armies manage to drive out the Siamese in 1855. |
See more
- Burma–Thailand relations
- Military history of Myanmar
- Military history of Thailand
- History of Burma
- History of Thailand
- List of wars involving Myanmar
- List of wars involving Thailand
- Siamese–Vietnamese wars
Citations
- Harvey, pp. xxviii-xxx.
- James, p. 302.
- Harvey 1925: 158
- Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 238–239
- Damrong, pp. 14–26.
- Damrong, pp. 27–41.
- Damrong, pp. 42–64.
- Harvey 1925: 181
- Damrong, pp. 65–144.
- Damrong, pp. 145–179.
- Fernquest, pp. 51–52.
- Wood, p. 144.
- Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 175–178
- Harvey 1925: 189
- Harvey 1925: 198
- Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 277
- Damrong, pp. 220–239.
- Wood, pp. 191–194.
- Damrong, pp. 240–311.
- Wood, pp. 240–242.
- Damrong, pp. 312–357.
- Wood, pp. 243–250.
- Wood, p. 273.
- Symes, pp. 96–97.
- Phayre 1967: 218–219
- Symes, p. 97-98.
- Ongsakul, p. 155.
- Ongsakul, p. 150.
- Skinner, pp. 59–61.
- Gerini, pp. 81–82.
- Wood, pp. 276–277
- Turton, p. 119-20
- Van Roy, p. 172-73
- Hardiman, Vol. 1 1901: 38, and Vol. 2 1901: 408–409
- Ratchasomphan, Wyatt 1994: 119
References
- Fernquest, Jon (Spring 2005). "The Flight of Lao War Captives from Burma Back to Laos in 1596: A Comparison of Historical Sources". SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research. 3 (1). SOAS, University of London. ISSN 1479-8484.
- Gerini, Colonel G. E. (1905). "Historical Retrospect of Junkceylon Island" (PDF). Siamese Heritage Trust. The Siam Society. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
- Hardiman, John Percy (1901). Sir James George Scott (ed.). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and Shan States Part 2. Vol. 1. Government Press, British Burma.
- Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
- James, Helen (2004). "Burma-Siam Wars and Tenasserim". In Keat Gin Ooi (ed.). Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-770-5.
- Master (2011). "Military History of Thailand". Wayback Machine. Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
- Ongsakul, Sarassawadee (2005). History of Lan Na. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974-9575-84-9.
- Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
- Rajanubhab, Damrong (2001). Chris Baker (ed.). Our Wars with the Burmese: Thai-Burmese Conflict 1539–1767. Translated by Aung Thein. White Lotus Co. Ltd. ISBN 9747534584.
- Ratchasomphan, Sænluang; David K. Wyatt (1994). David K. Wyatt (ed.). The Nan Chronicle (illustrated ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University SEAP Publications. ISBN 978-0-87727-715-6.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
- Siam Society (1904). The Journal of the Siam Society. Vol. 1–3. Bangkok: Siam Society.
- Skinner, Cyril (1984). "The interrogation of Zeya Suriya Kyaw: A Burmese Account of the Junk Ceylon (Phuket) Campaigns of 1809-1810" (PDF). Siamese Heritage Trust. The Siam Society. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
- Steinberg, David Joel (1987). David Joel Steinberg (ed.). In Search of South-East Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
- Symes, Michael (Spring 2006). "An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava". SBBR. 4. SOAS, University of London.
- Turton, Andrew (2014). "Disappointing Gifts: Dialectics of Gift Exchange in Early Modern European-East Asian Diplomatic Practice" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 104.
- Van Roy, Edward (2010). "Safe Haven: Mon Refugees at the Capitals of Siam from the 1500s to the 1800s" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 98.
- Wood, W.A.R. (1924). A History of Siam. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- Wyatt, David K. (2003). History of Thailand (2 ed.). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08475-7.