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Sindhis of Balochistan

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The Sindhi people of Balochistan are the original indigenous inhabitants of Balochistan, before the migration of Balochs from east Iran. There is still a major population of Sindhi people in Pakistani province of Balochistan, and a very few in Iranian provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan and Hormozgan.

History

Before the Baloch migration from Iran, Pakistani Balochistan was mostly inhabited by Sindhis in Makran, Lasbela, and the Kachhi plain. The Brahui people in the Central region of Kalat and Pashtuns in the north, Quetta was populated with a small minority of Parsi and Jewish communities along with Sindhis, Punjabis, Sikhs, and Pashtuns. At that time the word Balochistan did not exist; the word Balochistan was first used by British government. Before that, Balochistan was divided into different regions ruled by local rulers: the Makran, Siwistan modern Sibi and Kalat. In 635 or 636 CE, the Sindhi Hindu Brahman dynasty of Sindh ruled parts of Balochistan under Chach of Aror. Later in rule of Kalhoras, Arghuns, Sammas, Soomras, and Talpurs many areas of balochistan were under Sindh Country. In the 9th century, Arab writers mentioned that Balochs were living in the area between Kerman, Khorasan, Sistan Baluchistan which is now eastern Iran.

The Balochs were engaged in plundering travellers on the desert routes, and stealing, which angered the Buyids, later Ghaznavids and Seljuqs, and Adud al-Dawla of the Buyid dynasty, who launched a campaign against them in 971–972 and kicked them out from Kerman, Khorasan, Sistan, and Baluchistan of Iran, but few still remained there. They first migrated to the Pakistani province of Balochistan, specifically into the Makran region. Over the time, Balochs started to call the local people by different names of their area of living or by the language they speak, for example, the Buledis of Buleda, and the Kolachis of Kulanch. The Buledi and Kolachi are now tribes of Balochistan, which probably can also be Jats originally. For others, the Balochs called them by their language, like Jadgali for Sindhi-speaking people, Jatki for Sindhi/Saraiki speaking, and Kurdgali for Brahui speaking.

Over the time, Sindhis of Balochistan divided into different regional communities, the Jadgals of Makran speak the Jadgali dialect of Sindhi; the Lasis of Lasbela speak Lasi dialect of Sindhi; the Jamotes and Jats of Kachhi Plain speak Firaqi Sindhi or Siraiki dialects, also other jat/jutt people scattered all over Balochistan. The Sindhi jats were mentioned as "Zutts" in early Arab writings and "Jat-an" in Persian, In the 7th century, when Arabs came to Sindh, they found Sindhi jats living in the lower Indus valley and Makran region, which at that time were all part of Sindh.

These regional Sindhi people of Balochistan have many tribes/Castes and clans of their own. Most of them are Sindhi Muslim Jats, Rajputs, Gurjar, Hindu/Muslim Lohana, Bhatia, Brahmins, Kshtriyas, Shudras, other trading Hindu tribes, Rabari, and other tribal Hindu Sindhi tribes like Bheel, Meghwar, etc. Many Hindu tribes are converted into Islam, the remaining Hindus migrated to first Sindh and then after partition into India, but there is still a small minority of Hindu Sindhis living in Balochistan, and there are also some Arab and Mughal origin Sindhi tribes of Balochistan.

List of Sindhi tribes in Balochistan

Notable people

See also

References

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  2. ^ Spooner, Brian. "Baluchistan – Geography, History and Ethnography". repository.upenn.edu/. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
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  12. Dashti, Naseer (October 2012). The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the Fall of the Baloch State. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4669-5896-8.
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  14. Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries. Brill. ISBN 978-0-391-04173-8.
  15. Biladuri, Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Jabir Al (2011-03-01). The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a Translation from the Arabic Accompanied With Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitab Futuh Al-buldan. Cosimo. ISBN 978-1-61640-534-2.
  16. Tyagi, Vidya Prakash (2009). Martial races of undivided India. Gyan Publishing House. p. 225. ISBN 978-81-7835-775-1. The Jhalwan Gujjars speak both Balochi and Sindhi languages and claim to be natives of these regions without having ancestry of any foreign element in so far as their ethnic traditions are concerned. In the region the Zamindars (landlords) are called Baloch. The other Pakistani Blauch and adjoining Irani Bluches are of one ancestry but against this we hail from separate Gujjar community. As per one tradition they have come from Delhi to this area and speak Sindhi language. In Markan, near border of Iran, the Gujjars are Ziki by faith and claim to have come from Mewar during the time of Akbar, the elderly Gujjars added.
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