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Revision as of 18:45, 18 August 2023 by AnomieBOT (talk | contribs) (Fixing reference errors)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Polish commercial television networkTelevision channel
 | |
| Country | Poland, Germany |
|---|---|
| Broadcast area | Nationwide |
| Headquarters | Media Business Centre Warsaw, Poland |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Polish |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV (downscaled to 576i for the SD feed) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | TVN Warner Bros. Discovery |
| Parent | TVN Group |
| Key people | Katarzyna Kieli (CEO) |
| Sister channels | |
| History | |
| Founded | May 1995 (as TVN Sp. z o.o.) |
| Launched | 3 October 1997 (1997-10-03) at 19:00 |
| Former names | Telewizja Wisła |
| Links | |
| Website | www |
| Availability | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Polish Digital | MUX 2 (SD) (Channel 5) |
| Streaming media | |
| Player.pl | www |
TVN (Polish pronunciation: ) (stylized in all
lowercase) is a Polish free-to-air television station, network and a media
and entertainment group in Poland. It was co-founded by Polish businessmen
Mariusz Walter, Jan Wejchert and Swiss entrepreneur Bruno Valsangiacomo. It is owned by TVN Group, which as of April 2022, is a subsidiary of [[Warner
Bros. Discovery]]. Current CEO is Katarzyna Kieli (who is also president and managing director of
TVN is available by satellite, cable television and
digital terrestrial television.
In 2004, with its debut on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, the company became a
public limited company. In March 2015, U.S. broadcaster [[Scripps Networks
Interactive]] bought a 52.7% majority stake in TVN for €584 million. In July 2015, SNI bought out TVN's remaining owners, ITI Group and
Canal+ Group, for €584 million, giving it full ownership.
On March 6, 2018, SNI was, in turn, acquired by Discovery, Inc. for US
$14.6 billion. Liberty Global, which operated pay
television provider UPC Polska, is a major shareholder in Discovery. The
European Commission thus required TVN to ensure that TVN24 and [[TVN24
BiS]] remain available to third-party television providers.
History
In March 1997, Grupa TVN obtained permission from [[Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i
Telewizji|The National Council of Radio Broadcasting and Television]] to
broadcast in central and northern parts of Poland. A few months later Grupa TVN
acquired Telewizja Wisła [pl], which had a license to broadcast in southern
Poland.
The channel was launched nationwide as TVN on 3 October 1997.{{Failed
verification|date=September 2017}} During the first four years the network was
run by its founder Mariusz Walter. In 2001 Piotr Walter became chief executive
officer, replacing his father.
In 2004 TVN was available in 86% of Polish households. Since 2004 TVN has been
listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. On 29 April 2004 TVN launched [[TVN
International]], an entertainment and news channel for Polish viewers living
abroad. In 2005 TVN acquired rights to organise and broadcast [[Sopot
International Song Festival]] until 2010, and has acquired said rights again from
2017. In 2006 TVN launched its high definition
version, TVN HD, which was the first HD television channel Poland.
TVN is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) initiative
that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top
boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications
with a single user interface, and conducted the first tests of HbbTV services in
Poland in March 2012.
On 16 March 2015, TVN announced a sale of a 52.7% controlling stake to the U.S.
broadcaster Scripps Networks Interactive (SNI) for €584 million, subject
to regulatory approval. In July
2015, SNI bought out the remaining owners for €584 million. SNI was, in turn, acquired by
Discovery Communications (now Discovery Inc.) for US
$14.6 billion, in a sale completed 6 March 2018.
Conflict with Law and Justice government (2021)
Main article: Lex TVN
TVN tends to be strongly critical of the Polish government under the [[Law and
Justice]] (PiS) party, since it was sworn to power in 2015. Historian and
columnist Timothy Garton Ash, writing for The Guardian, praised [[Fakty
TVN]]'s critical coverage of government issues when harshly
criticising Telewizja Polska's Wiadomości (News).
The Facts is not [[BBC
News|BBC]]-style impartial: it clearly favours a more liberal, pro-European
Poland and is strongly anti-PiS. But unlike the so-called
News, it is still definitely professional, high quality, reality-based
journalism.
Since 2020 the conflict between TVN and
the PiS worsened, to a degree that, by July 2021, a group of PiS lawmakers,
submitted to parliament a draft amendment that would prevent companies from
outside the European Economic Area taking control of Polish radio and
television stations. This would mean that Discovery, the owner of TVN, might be
forced to divest its ownership. The [[Agreement (political
party)|Agreement]], then PiS' coalition partner, was opposed to this, they
instead proposed a change that would allow companies from countries in the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to own more
than 49% of shares in Polish media companies, which would mean no change to the
American ownership of the channel.
However, opposition, as well as representatives from European Union and the
United States criticized the law, and international observers expressed fear
that the law is threatening press freedom in Poland. The law has been criticized for "threatening the largest ever
US investment in Poland". This also led to protests within the
country, with a number of demonstrations on 10 August.
On 11 August 2021, the bill was passed via the Sejm on a vote of 228 to 216,
with 10 abstentions, as a result, TVN's licence could expire on September
26.
On 30 August 2021, the Chairman of the National Council of Radio Broadcasting and Television sent to the TV operators
a decision to move the licence of sister channel TVN24 into the [[Warner
Bros. Discovery EMEA#Benelux|Discovery Communications Benelux B.V.]] license,
based in the Netherlands. The decision ensures the continuity of broadcasting
the TVN24 program after 26 September 2021, regardless of the results of the
ongoing conflict with Law and Justice government. On 24
September 2021 - two days before the expiration of the previous licence - TVN24
was granted a new Polish licence.
On 18 December 2021, the bill was passed via the Sejm. The Sejm voted in favor
229-212 with 11 abstentions to override the Senate's veto. Law and Justice (PiS)
party and allied opposition group Kukiz'15 voted for the bill, against was
the remaining opposition with the exception of far-right [[Confederation Liberty
and Independence|Confederation]], which abstained. The bill was vetoed by Polish
President Andrzej Duda on 27 December 2021.
Programming
The list consists of major formats that were or have been produced for TVN.
Ongoing shows (as of 2023) are in bold type.
News / Current affairs
- Fakty (since 1995)
- Uwaga! (since 2002)
- Superwizjer (since 2001)
- Kawa na ławę (2006–2010; later moved to TVN24)
- Kropka nad i (1997–2003; later moved to TVN24)
- Najsztub pyta (2004–2005)
- Teraz my! (2005–2010)
Morning shows
- Dzień dobry TVN (since 2005)
- Dzień dobry wakacje (since 2010)
Talk shows
- Na językach (2013–2016)
- 36,6°C (2017–2020)
- Kuba Wojewódzki (since 2006; previously on Polsat)
- Rozmowy w toku (2000–2016)
- Urzekła mnie twoja historia (2001)
Other
- Co za tydzień (since 2001)
- Efekt domina (since 2014)
- Kobieta na krańcu świata (2009–2021, since 2023)
- Maja w ogrodzie (since 2009)
- Misja Martyna (2004–2005)
- Pascal: Po prostu gotuj! (2004–2009)
- Wybacz mi (2000)
TV Series
Drama
- 39 i pół (2008–2009)
- 39 i pół tygodnia (2019)
- BrzydUla (2008–2009) – based on Yo soy Betty, la fea
- Druga szansa (2016–2018)
- Lekarze (2012–2014)
- Magda M. (2005–2007)
- Miasteczko (2000–2001)
- Mój agent (2023; preceded by a release on Player)
- Na noże (2016)
- Na Wspólnej (since 2003) – based on Barátok közt
- Prawo Agaty (2012–2015)
- Przepis na życie (2011–2013)
- Tajemnica zawodowa (2021–2022)
- Teraz albo nigdy! (2008–2009)
- Usta usta (2010–2011, 2020–2022) – based on Cold Feet
Sitcoms
- Hela w opałach (2006–2007, 2010–2011) – based on Grace Under Fire
- Kasia i Tomek (2002–2004) – based on Un gars, une fille
- Niania (2005–2009) – based on The Nanny
- Wszyscy kochają Romana (2011–2012) – based on [[Everybody Loves
Raymond|Everybody Loves Raymond]]
Crime
- Belle Epoque (2017)
- Chyłka (2019–2023)
- Kryminalni (2004–2008)
- Motyw (2020)
- Odwróceni (2007)
- Odwróceni. Ojcowie i córki (2019)
- Pułapka (2018–2019)
- Szadź (2020–2021; preceded by a release on Player)
- Twarzą w twarz (2007–2008)
- Układ warszawski (2011)
- Żywioły Saszy (2021)
Docu-soap
- Adopcje (2002–2003)
- Alfabet mafii (2004)
- Cela nr (1999–2001)
- Detektyw (2001–2006)
- Generał (2009)
- Granice (2004–2005)
- Jarmark Europa (2004)
- Katastrofy górnicze (2010)
- Kryminalne gry (2002–2003)
- Polska Jasienicy (2010)
- Supergliny (1998–2000)
- Szpieg (2008)
- Wielka wojna na wschodzie (2009)
- Wielkie ucieczki (2006)
- Wracajcie, skąd przyszliście (2018)
Pseudo-documentary
- 19+ (2016–2019; later moved to TVN 7)
- Detektywi (2005–2012, since 2023)
- Sąd rodzinny (2008–2011) – based on Richter Alexander Hold
- Sędzia Anna Maria Wesołowska (2006–2011; later moved to TTV and Player) –
based on Richter Alexander Hold
- Szkoła (2014–2019; later moved to TVN 7)
- Szpital (2013–2020)
- Ukryta prawda (since 2012) – based on Familien im Brennpunkt
- W11 – Wydział Śledczy (2004–2014) – based on [[K11 – Kommissare im
Einsatz]]
Animation
- Kosmiczny wykop (2020)
Reality
Game/Quiz shows
- Chwila prawdy (2002–2004) – based on Happy Family Plan
- Dobra cena (1997–1998) – based on The Price Is Right
- Dzieciaki z klasą (2004–2005) – based on [[Britain's Brainiest
Kid|Britain's Brainest Kid]]
- Milion w minutę (2011–2012) – based on Minute to Win It
- Milionerzy (1999–2003, 2008–2010, since 2017) – based on [[Who Wants
to Be a Millionaire?|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]
- Najsłabsze ogniwo (2004–2005) – based on The Weakest Link
- Oko za oko (2002) – based on Dog Eat Dog
Talent shows
- Droga do gwiazd (2001–2002)
- Lego Masters (since 2020) – based on Lego Masters
- Mali giganci (2015–2017) – based on [[Pequeños Gigantes (Mexican TV
series)|Pequeños Gigantes]]
- Mam talent! (2008–2019, 2021–2022) – based on Got Talent
- Mask Singer (2022) – based on The Masked Singer
- Mini Playback Show (1997–1999)
- Taniec z gwiazdami (2005–
2011; later moved to Polsat) – based on Dancing with the Stars
- X Factor (2011–2014) – based on The X Factor
- You Can Dance – Po prostu tańcz (2007–2012, 2015–2016) – based on [[So
You Think You Can Dance]]
- Zostań gwiazdą (1998–1999) – based on Soundmixshow
Competition, dating etc
- Agent / Agent – Gwiazdy (2000–2002, 2016–2019) – based on [[De Mol
(TV series)|The Mole]]
- Azja Express / Ameryka Express (2016–2018, 2020, 2023) – based
- Big Brother (2001–2002; later moved to TV4 and TVN 7) – based on [[Big
Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]
- Ekspedycja (2001) – based on 71 Degrees North
- Hipnoza (2018) – based on You're Back in the Room
- Kawaler do wzięcia (2003) – based on The Bachelor
- MasterChef (since 2012) – based on MasterChef
- MasterChef Junior (since 2016)
- Power Couple (2021) – based on זוג מנצח VIP (Power Couple)
- Project Runway (2014–2015) – based on Project Runway
- Projekt Lady (2016–2020; later moved to TVN7) – based on [[Ladette to
Lady]]
- Top Model / Top Model. Zostań
modelką (2010–2011, 2013–2016, since 2018) – based on Top Model
- Ugotowani / Ugotowani w parach (2010–2018, 2023) – based on [[Come
Dine with Me]]
- Wipeout – Wymiatacze (2011) – based on Wipeout
- Wyprawa Robinson (2004) – based on Expedition Robinson (a Survivor format)
Other
- Ananasy z mojej klasy (2000–2002) – based on The Class
Reunion
- Ciao Darwin (2004–2005) – based on Ciao Darwin
- Dla ciebie wszystko (2003–2004) – based on [[I'd Do Anything (2008 TV
series)|I'd Do Anything]]
- Iron Majdan (2018)
- Jestem jaki jestem (2003–2004)
- Kuchenne rewolucje (since 2010) – based on [[Kitchen
Nightmares|Kitchen Nightmares]]
- Mamy cię! (2004–2005, 2015) – based on [[Surprise Surprise (British TV
series)|Surprise, Surprise]]
- Maraton uśmiechu (1997–2007)
- My Way (2019)
- Perfekcyjna pani domu (2012–2014) – based on [[Anthea Turner: Perfect
Housewife|Anthea Turner: Perfect Housewife]]
- Piekielny hotel (2015) – based on Hotel Hell
- Superniania (2006–2008) – based on Supernanny
- Surowi rodzice (2012–2014) – based on The World's Strictest Parents
- Szymon Majewski Show (2005–2011)
- Szymon na żywo (2012)
- Ślub od pierwszego wejrzenia (2016–2018, since 2021; betweentimes moved
to TVN 7 and brought back to TVN) – based on [[Married at First Sight (American
TV series)|Married at First Sight]]
- Totalne remonty Szelągowskiej (since 2020)
- Usterka (2002–2004; later moved to TTV)
- Żony Hollywood (2015, 2017) – based on Hollywood Wives
Foreign programming
- Californication
- Chuck
- Close to Home
- The Closer
- Cold Case
- Covert Affairs
- Dexter
- Eleventh Hour
- ER
- The Event
- The Following
- The Forgotten
- Friends
- Fringe
- Gossip Girl
- House M.D.
- Human Target
- Las Vías del Amor
- Marina
- Mayday
- The Mentalist
- Mercy
- Monk
- Mujer de Madera
- NCIS
- NCIS: Los Angeles
- Nip/Tuck
- The O.C.
- The Omar Series
- One Tree Hill
- Pasión De Gavilanes
- Person of Interest
- Pushing Daisies
- Rizzoli & Isles
- Rubí
- Sex and the City
- Six Feet Under
- Smallville
- The Sopranos
- Supernatural
- Taken
- Trauma
- United States of Tara
- V
- The Vampire Diaries
- Veronica Mars
- The Whole Truth
- Without a Trace
Feature films and TV movies
- Bokser (The Fighter) – 2012
- Cisza (Silence) –
2010
(The General – The Gibraltar Assassination) – 2009
- Heniek (Henry)
- Kochaj i tańcz ( Love and Dance) – 2009
- Krzysztof ( Christopher) – 2010
- Laura (Laura) – 2010
- Listy do M. (Letters to Santa) – 2011
- Listy do M. 2 (Letters to Santa 2) – 2015
- Listy do M. 3 ([[Letters to Santa
3 (film)|Letters to Santa 3]]) – 2017
- Los Numeros (Los Numeros) – 2011
- Mój biegun (My Pole) – 2013
- Mój rower (My Father's Bike) – 2012
- Nad życie (Agata – Lose to Win) – 2012
- Obce niebo (Strange Heaven)
- Oszukane (Deceived) – 2012
- Podatek od miłości – 2017/2018
- Świadek koronny ([[The State
Witness]]) – 2007
Schedule (Autumn 2023)
Primetime schedule
| PM | 7:00 | 7:15 | 7:30 | 7:45 | 8:00 | 8:15 | 8:30 | 8:45 | 9:00 | 9:15 | 9:30 | 9:45 | 10:00 | 10:15 | 10:30 | 10:45 | 11:00 | 11:15 | 11:30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monday | Fakty | sports news and weather forecast and
Uwaga! and Doracda smaku |
Na Wspólnej | Milionerzy | Pati | movies | ||||||||||||||
| Tuesday | Ślub od pierwszego wejrzenia | Kuba Wojewódzki | ||||||||||||||||||
| Wednesday | Totalne remonty Szelągowskiej | movies | ||||||||||||||||||
| Thursday | Kuchenne rewolucje | movies | ||||||||||||||||||
| Friday | Fakty | sports news and weather forecast | Uwaga! | SUPERKINO (movies) | ||||||||||||||||
| Saturday | Top Model | movies | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sunday | MasterChef | Szadź | movies | |||||||||||||||||
Access-primetime schedule
| PM | 4:45 | 5:00 | 5:15 | 5:30 | 5:45 | 6:00 | 6:15 | 6:30 | 6:45 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monday | Detektywi | Ukryta prawda | |||||||||
| Tuesday | |||||||||||
| Wednesday | |||||||||||
| Thursday | Zapisane w gwiazdach | ||||||||||
| Friday | |||||||||||
See also
References
- "Fakty TVN 19:00 news show". Fakty TVN (in Polish). 2021-
12-27.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|access- date=ignored (help); line feed character in|date=at position 6 (help) - [http://www.wbj.pl/article-47314-jan-wejchert-passes-away-aged-59.html?
typ=ise "Jan Wejchert passes away aged 59"]. Warsaw Business Journal. 2 November 2009. Retrieved 8
November 2009.
{{cite news}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help); Check|url=value (help); Check date values in:|access-date=(help); Unknown parameter|archive- url=ignored (help); line feed character in|access-date=at position 3 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 71 (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) -
"Scripps buys majority stake in TVN". C21media. 16 March 2015.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|access- date=ignored (help) - [http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/scripps-networks-
interactive-sfinalizowal-przejecie-tvn,556529.html "Scripps Networks Interactive sfinalizował przejęcie TVN"]. Tvn24. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
{{cite news}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|url=at position 59 (help) - {{cite news|last1=Dickens|first1=Andrew|title=Scripps completes TVN purchase| url=http://www.c21media.net/scripps-completes-tvn-purchase/%7Caccess-date=August 3, 2017|work=C21media|date=July 2, 2015}}
- Szalai, Georg (6 March 2018). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/discovery-closes-scripps-acquisition-
creating-nonscripted-content-giant-1072832 "Discovery Closes Scripps Acquisition, Creating Non-scripted Content Giant"]. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 26 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 77 (help); line feed character in|work=at position 5 (help) -
Szalai, Georg (July 31,
2017). [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/discovery-acquire-scripps-
networks-146-billion-1022433 "Discovery to Acquire Scripps Networks for $14.6 Billion"]. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); Check date values in:|date=(help); line feed character in|date=at position 10 (help); line feed character in|title=at position 43 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 65 (help) - "Case M.8665 – Discovery / Scripps" (PDF). European Commission. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help); Unknown parameter|archive- url=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url- status=ignored (help) - [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/european-commission-clears-discovery-
deal-buy-scripps-1082184 "European Commission Clears Discovery Deal to Buy Scripps"]. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite news}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 50 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 77 (help) - {{cite journal|author=Angelika W. Wyka|title=Media Privatization and the Spread of Foreign Ownership in East Central Europe|journal=NOVA|date=2010| url=http://pl.ejo.ch/wp-content/uploads/Media%20Privatization%20and%20the %20Spread%20of%20Foreign%20Ownership.pdf|access-date=28 October 2014|archive- url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110161857/http://pl.ejo.ch/wp- content/uploads/Media%20Privatization%20and%20the%20Spread%20of%20Foreign %20Ownership.pdf|archive-date=10 November 2014|url-status=live}}
- Chris Dziadul. [http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2012/03/13/hbbtv-starts-in-poland/HbbTV starts in Poland]. Broadband TV News 13 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012
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tvn-for-615-million-1201453407/ "Scripps Buys Controlling Stake in Poland's TVN for $615 Million"]. Variety. 16 March 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); Unknown parameter|access- date=ignored (help); line feed character in|title=at position 14 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 76 (help) - "Scripps buys majority stake in TVN". C21media. 16 March 2015. Retrieved 3
August 2017.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help); line feed character in|access-date=at position 3 (help); line feed character in|title=at position 32 (help) - [http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/scripps-networks-interactive-
sfinalizowal-przejecie-tvn,556529.html "Scripps Networks Interactive sfinalizował przejęcie TVN"]. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|url=at position 71 (help) - {{cite news|last1=Dickens|first1=Andrew |title=Scripps completes TVN purchase| url=http://www.c21media.net/scripps-completes-tvn-purchase/%7Caccess-date=3 August 2017|work=C21media|date=2 July 2015}}
- Cite error: The named reference
thr- snicompletedwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - Szalai, Georg (31 July 2017). [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/discovery-acquire-scripps-networks-146
-billion-1022433 "Discovery to Acquire Scripps Networks for $14.6 Billion"]. The Hollywood Reporter.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); Unknown parameter|access- date=ignored (help); line feed character in|url=at position 77 (help) - ^
Garton Ash, Timothy (25 June 2020). [http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/25/polish-populism-
evening-news-public-broadcaster-presidential-election "For a bitter taste of Polish populism, just watch the evening news"]. The Guardian. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 20 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 70 (help) - [https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/polish-draft-law-threatens-us-owned-
broadcaster-opposition-says-2021-07-08/ "Polish draft law threatens U.S.- owned broadcaster, opposition says"]. Reuters. 8 July 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 33 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 74 (help) -
[https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/discovery-opposes-
proposed-polish-media-rules-2021-07-12/ "Discovery opposes proposed Polish media rules"]. Reuters. 12 July 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 35 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 66 (help) - [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/polish-media-law-faces-uncertain-
110229442.html "Polish media law faces uncertain future amid coalition splits"]. finance.yahoo.com.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 56 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 65 (help) - [https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/junior-coalition-leader-says-media-law-
amendment-threatens-investment-23620 "Junior coalition leader says media law amendment threatens investment"]. www.thefirstnews.com.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 40 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 77 (help) - ^ {{Cite web|date=2021-08-12|title=The explainer: Lex TVN and Poland's parliamentary drama|url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/the-explainer-lex-tvn-and-polands- parliamentary-drama/|access-date=2021-09-03|website=Emerging Europe|language=en- US}}
- Armstrong, Mark (29 July 2021). [https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/29/fears-for-independent-media-in-poland-
as-tvn24-license-is-suspended "Poland: Media freedom fears as TVN24's licence extension is suspended"]. euronews. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 9 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 75 (help) - [https://news.yahoo.com/protests-
held-across-poland-opposition-191500178.html "Protests Held Across Poland in Opposition to 'Lex TVN' Censorship Bill"]. news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 32 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 33 (help) - [https://www.euronews.com/2021/08/12/poland-government-in-chaotic-
parliamentary-tussle-over-disputed-media-ownership-bill "EU slams newly passed law in Poland that could limit media freedom"]. euronews. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|url=at position 66 (help) - [https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/polish-govt-counting-majority-media-
reform-says-spokesman-2021-08-11/ "Polish lower house passes media reform bill, which U.S. denounces"]. Reuters. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 8 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 74 (help) -
[https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/free-media-
poles-protest-against-changes-broadcasting-law-2021-08-10/ ""Free Media": Poles protest against changes to broadcasting law"]. Reuters. 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2021-09-
03.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); Check date values in:|access-date=(help); line feed character in|access-date=at position 9 (help); line feed character in|title=at position 48 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 59 (help) - [https://www.politico.eu/article/polands-pis-rams-through-
media-law-despite-us-warnings/ "Poland's ruling party rams through media law despite US warnings"]. POLITICO. 11 August 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 46 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 58 (help) - {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/11/world/europe/polands-media-law- passes.html|title=Poland's Government Wins Vote on Media Bill, Despite Losing Majority|first1=Steven|last1=Erlanger|first2=Monika|last2=Pronczuk|work=The New York Times |date=11 August 2021|via=NYTimes.com}}
- [http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/11/poland-coalition-under-threat-
as-parliament-votes-on-controversial-media-bill "Polish parliament passes controversial new media ownership bill"]. the Guardian. 11 August 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); line feed character in|title=at position 26 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 76 (help); line feed character in|website=at position 5 (help) - [https://www.gov.pl/web/krrit/zgoda-
przewodniczacego-krrit-na-wpis-do-rejestru-programu-tvn24 "Zgoda Przewodniczącego KRRiT na wpis do rejestru programu TVN24 - Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji - Portal Gov.pl"]. Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-08-
30.
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operatorow/koncesje/wykaz-koncesji-i-decyzji/details,479--K--2021-T.html "WYKAZ DECYZJI DLA 479/K/2021-T"]. Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji (in Polish).
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); Unknown parameter|access- date=ignored (help); line feed character in|title=at position 19 (help); line feed character in|url=at position 45 (help) - [https://businessinsider.com.pl/gospodarka/prezydent-andrzej-duda-wetuje-lex-
tvn/lrmwlr4 "Prezydent Andrzej Duda wetuje lex TVN"]. Businessinsider (in Polish). 27 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
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External links
- Official website (in Polish)
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