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Collins's plan

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One of the IRA volunteers who took part in these attacks, Seán Lemass, later became a prominent Irish politician and served as Taoiseach. On the morning of Bloody Su

| dfens = }} The Dublin Gaelic football team was scheduled to play the Tipperary team later the same day in Croke Park, the Gaelic Athletic Association's major football ground. Money raised from ticket sales would go to the Republican Prisoners' Dependents' Fund. Despite the general unease in Dublin as news broke of the assassinations, a war-weary populace continued with life. At least 5,000 spectators went to Croke Park for the match, which began thirty minutes late, at 3:15 p.m.

Meanwhile, unbeknownst to the crowd, British forces were approaching and preparing to raid the match. A convoy of troops in trucks and three armoured cars drove in from the north and halted along Clonliffe Road. A convoy of RIC police drove in from the southwest, along Russell Street–Jones's Road. It comprised twelve trucks of Black and Tans in front and six trucks of Auxiliaries behind. Several plain-clothes Auxiliaries also rode in front with the Black and Tans. Their orders were to surround Croke Park, guard the exits, and search every man. The authorities later stated that their intention was to announce by megaphone that all males leaving the grounds would be searched and that anyone leaving by other means would be shot. However, for some reason, shots were fired by police as soon as they reached the southwest gate at the Royal Canal end of Croke Park, at 3:25 pm.

Some of the police later claimed they were fired on first as they arrived outside Croke Park, allegedly by IRA sentries; but other police at the front of the convoy did not corroborate this, and there is no convincing evidence for it. Civilian witnesses all agreed that the RIC opened fire without provocation as they ran into the grounds. Two Dublin Metropolitan Police (DMP) constables on duty near the Canal gate did not report the RIC being fired on. Another DMP constable testified that an RIC group also arrived at the Main gate and began firing in the air. Correspondents for the Manchester Guardian and Britain's Daily News interviewed witnesses, and concluded that the "IRA sentries" were actually ticket-sellers:

It is the custom at this football ground for tickets to be sold outside the gates by recognised ticket-sellers, who would probably present the appearance of pickets, and would naturally run inside at the approach of a dozen military lorries. No man exposes himself needlessly in Ireland when a military lorry passes by.

The police in the convoy's leading trucks appear to have jumped out, run down the passage to the Canal end gate, forced their way through the turnstiles, and started firing rapidly with rifles and revolvers. Ireland's Freeman's Journal reported that

The spectators were startled by a volley of shots fired from inside the turnstile entrances. Armed and uniformed men were seen entering the field, and immediately after the firing broke out scenes of the wildest confusion took place. The spectators made a rush for the far side of Croke Park and shots were fired over their heads and into the crowd.

The police kept shooting for about ninety seconds. Their commander, Major Mills, later admitted that his men were "excited and out of hand". Some police fired into the fleeing crowd from the pitch, while others, outside the grounds, opened fire from the Canal Bridge at spectators who climbed over the Canal Wall trying to escape. At the other side of the Park, soldiers on Clonliffe Road were startled first by the sound of the fusillade, then by the sight of panicked people fleeing the grounds. As the spectators streamed out, an armoured car on St James Avenue fired its machine guns over the heads of the crowd, trying to halt them.

By the time Major Mills got his men back under control, the police had fired 114 rounds of rifle ammunition, while fifty rounds were fired from the armoured car outside the Park. Seven people had been shot to death, and five more had been shot and wounded so badly that they later died; another two people had died in the crowd crush. The dead included Jane Boyle, the only woman killed, who had gone to the match with her fiancé and was due to be married five days later. Two boys aged ten and eleven were shot dead. Two football players, Michael Hogan and Jim Egan, had been shot; Egan survived but Hogan was killed, the only player fatality. There were dozens of other wounded and injured. The police raiding party suffered no casualties.

Once the firing stopped, the security forces searched the remaining men in the crowd before letting them go. The military raiding party recovered one revolver: a local householder testified that a fleeing spectator had thrown it away in his garden. The British authorities stated that 30–40 discarded revolvers were found in the grounds. However, Major Mills stated that no weapons were found on the spectators or in the grounds.

The actions of the police were officially unauthorised and were greeted with horror by the British authorities at Dublin Castle. In an effort to cover up the nature of the behaviour by British forces, a press release was issued which claimed:

A number of men came to Dublin on Saturday under the guise of asking to attend a football match between Tipperary and Dublin. But their real intention was to take part in the series of murderous outrages which took place in Dublin that morning. Learning on Saturday that a number of these gunmen were present in Croke Park, the Crown forces went to raid the field. It was the original intention that an officer would go to the centre of the field and speaking from a megaphone, invite the assassins to come forward. But on their approach, armed pickets gave warning. Shots were fired to warn the wanted men, who caused a stampede and escaped in the confusion.

The Times, which during the war was a pro-Unionist publication, ridiculed Dublin Castle's version of events, as did a British Labour Party delegation visiting Ireland at the time. British Brigadier Frank Percy Crozier, overall commander of the Auxiliary Division, later resigned over what he believed was the official condoning of the unjustified actions of the Auxiliaries in Croke Park. One of his officers told him that "Black and Tans fired into the crowd without any provocation whatsoever". Major Mills stated: "I did not see any need for any firing at all".

List of the Croke Park victims

• Jane Boyle (26), Dublin
• James Burke (44), Dublin
• Daniel Carroll (31), Tipperary (died 23 November)
• Michael Feery (40), Dublin
• Michael 'Mick' Hogan (24), Tipperary
• Tom Hogan (19), Limerick (died 26 November)
• James Matthews (38), Dublin
• Patrick O'Dowd (57), Dublin
• Jerome O'Leary (10), Dublin
• William Robinson (11), Dublin
• Tom Ryan (27), Wexford
• John William Scott (14), Dublin
• James Teehan (26), Tipperary
• Joe Traynor (21), Dublin

Evening: Dublin Castle killings

Later that night, two high-ranking IRA officers, Dick McKee and Peadar Clancy, together with another man, Conor Clune, were killed while being held and interrogated in Dublin Castle. McKee and Clancy had been involved in planning the assassinations of the British agents, and had been captured in a raid hours before they took place. Clune, a nephew of Patrick Clune, Archbishop of Perth, Australia, had joined the Irish Volunteers shortly after it was founded, but it is unclear if he was ever active. He had been arrested in another raid on a hotel that IRA members had just left.

Their captors said that, because there was no room in the cells, the prisoners were placed in a guardroom containing arms, and were killed while trying to escape. They allegedly threw grenades, which did not detonate, then fired at the guards with a rifle, but missed. They were shot by Auxiliaries. Medical examination found broken bones and abrasions consistent with prolonged assaults, and bullet wounds to the head and body. Their faces were covered in cuts and bruises, and McKee had an apparent bayonet wound in his side. Michael Lynch, an IRA Brigade Commander stated that McKee suffered severe beatings prior to being shot to death - "I saw Dick McKee's body afterwards, and it was almost unrecognizable. He had evidently been tortured before being shot...They must have beaten Dick to a pulp. When they threatened him with death, according to reports, Dick's last words were, Go on, and do your worst!"

However, Clune's employer, Edward MacLysaght, who viewed the corpses at King George V Hospital, stated that the claim "that their faces were so battered about as to be unrecognisable and horrible to look at is quite untrue. I remember those pale dead faces as if I had looked at them yesterday, they were not disfigured". An army doctor who examined the bodies found signs of discolouring on the skin, but stated this could have been the result of how the bodies were left lying. He found numerous bullet wounds as did a private doctor hired by Edward MacLysaght but no signs of any other injuries such as bayoneting. IRA mole David Neligan was also adamant about this fact. Head of British Intelligence Brigadier General Ormonde Winter carried out his own private investigation, interviewing the guards and inspecting the scene, pronouncing himself happy with their account, noting "One of the rebels was lying on his back near the fireplace, with a grenade in his right hand, and the other two were close by. And on a form in front of the fireplace I found a deep cut that had been made by the spade when it had been used to attack the auxiliary. I extracted the bullet from the door and at once reported to Sir John Anderson who, somewhat dubious of the accuracy of my information, accompanied me to the guardroom. He listened to the statements of the auxiliaries and I was able to show him ocular and tangible proof of them".

Aftermath

Together, the attacks on the British agents, and the British massacre of civilians, damaged British authority and increased support for the IRA. The killings of the match-goers (including a woman, two children, and a player) made international headlines, damaging British credibility and further turning the Irish public against the British authorities. Some contemporary newspapers, including the nationalist Freeman's Journal, likened the shootings in Croke Park to the Amritsar massacre, which had taken place in India in April 1919. Later commentators also did likewise.

When Joseph Devlin, an Irish Parliamentary Party Member of Parliament (MP), tried to bring up the Croke Park massacre at Westminster, he was shouted down and physically assaulted by his fellow MPs; the sitting had to be suspended. There was no public inquiry into the Croke Park massacre. Instead, two British military courts of inquiry into the massacre were held behind closed doors, at the Mater Hospital and at Jervis Street Hospital. More than thirty people gave evidence, most of them anonymous Black and Tans, Auxiliaries and British soldiers. One inquiry concluded that unknown civilians probably fired first, either as a warning of the raid or to create panic. But it also concluded: "the fire of the RIC was carried out without orders and exceeded the demands of the situation". Major General Boyd, the British officer commanding Dublin District, added that in his opinion, the firing on the crowd "was indiscriminate, and unjustifiable, with the exception of any shooting which took place inside the enclosure". The findings of these inquiries were suppressed by the British Government, and only came to light in 2000.

The IRA assassinations sparked panic among the British military authorities, and numerous British agents fled to Dublin Castle for safety. In Britain and in the short term, the killings of the British Army officers received more attention. The bodies of nine of the Army officers assassinated were brought in procession through the streets of London en route to their funerals. The fate of the British agents was seen in Dublin as an IRA intelligence victory, but British Prime Minister David Lloyd George commented dismissively that his men "got what they deserved, beaten by counter-jumpers". Winston Churchill added that the agents were "careless fellows ... who ought to have taken precautions".

One IRA member was captured during the assassinations that morning, and several others were arrested in the following days. Frank Teeling (who had been captured) was tried for the killing of Lieutenant Angliss along with William Conway, Edward Potter and Daniel Healy. Teeling, Conway and Potter were convicted and sentenced to death. Teeling escaped from prison and the other two were later reprieved. Thomas Whelan, James Boyce, James McNamara and Michael Tobin were arrested for the killing of Lieutenant Baggallay. Only Whelan was convicted; he was executed on 14 March 1921. Patrick Moran was sentenced to death for Gresham Hotel killings and also executed on 14 March.

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) named one of the stands in Croke Park as the Hogan Stand in memory of Michael Hogan, the football player killed in the incident.

James "Shanker" Ryan, who had informed on Clancy and McKee, was shot and killed by the IRA in February 1921.

IRA assassinations continued in Dublin for the remainder of the war, in addition to more large-scale urban guerrilla actions by the Dublin Brigade. By the spring of 1921, the British had rebuilt their intelligence organisation in Dublin, and the IRA were planning another assassination attempt on British agents in the summer of that year. However, many of these plans were called off because of the truce that ended the war in July 1921.

22 Lower Mount Street trial

The trial for the Lower Mount Street killings was held as a Field General Court-martial at City Hall in Dublin, on Tuesday 25 January 1921. The four accused men were William Conway, Daniel Healy, Edward Potter, and Frank Teeling. Daniel Healy was excused by the prosecution and given a separate trial after a petition by counsel that the evidence against the other prisoners would embarrass his client. The trial of the three other prisoners proceeded. They were charged with the murder of Lieutenant H. Angliss of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, otherwise known as Mr McMahon of 22 Lower Mount Street. The whole of Ireland was enthralled by the trial, with most Irish newspapers and international newspapers reporting it.

The prosecution opened with an account of the start of the incident:

At about 9 o'clock two men came to the front door, one of whom asked for Mr. McMahon and the second for Mr. B. The men dashed upstairs and one of them, the prisoner Conway, went to Mr. B.'s room. The other man went to Mr. McMahon's door. The men knocked at the doors, and more men with revolvers came into the house and ran up the stairs. The servant called out to warn Mr. McMahon, and she saw Teeling enter the room followed by others. He called out "Hands up," and Mr. McMahon and a companion occupying the same room were covered with revolvers by five men, two of whom would be identified as Teeling and Potter. Mr B. barricaded his door, and Conway fired shots through it ... Mr. McMahon's companion got under the bed while Mr. McMahon was being shot, and the men left. It was then found that Mr. McMahon was dead, having been wounded in four parts of the body.

Mr "C" was brought forward as a witness on 28 January and was identified as the man sleeping in the same bed who escaped by jumping out the window when the attackers came into the room. Mr "C" was identified as Lieutenant John Joseph Connolly.

Mr "B" was another trial witness, and he was later identified as Lt Charles R. Peel. His description of the incident during the trial was reported in Hansard:

The maid opened the door, twenty men rushed in , and demanded to know the bedrooms of Mr. Mahon ... and Mr. Peel. Mr. Mahon 's room was pointed out. They entered, and five shots were fired immediately at a few inches range. Mr. Mahon was killed. At the same time others attempted to enter Mr. Peel's room. The door was locked. Seventeen shots were fired through the panels. Mr. Peel escaped uninjured. Meanwhile another servant, hearing the shots, shouted from an upper window to a party of officers of the Auxiliary Division who had left Beggars Bush Barracks to catch an early train southward for duty.

The Irish Independent (26 January 1921) reported that "Cross examined by a witness at the house, Mr. Bewley said 'he did not see Teeling in the house.' He saw him being carried out from the yard. One witness stated that he took the first witness Nellie Stapleton to Wellington Barracks on 17 December. She was put into a corridor in which there 3 or 4 windows covered with brown paper. Eight prisoners were brought out and the lady pointed out Potter. The man who shared McMahons room, Mr. 'C' also identified Potter."

Frank Teeling managed to escape from Kilmainham in a daring raid organised by Collins.

The Irish Times reported that on 6 March 1921, the death sentences of Conway and Potter were commuted by the Viceroy of Ireland to penal servitude. Daniel Healy was eventually acquitted.

See also

• List of massacres in Ireland

References

Notes

1. Eunan O'Halpin & Daithí Ó Corráin. The Dead of the Irish Revolution. Yale University Press, 2020. p. 224
2. ^ Cite error: The named reference O'Halpin Croke Park was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
3. Leeson 2003, p. 49.
4. Leeson 2003, p. 50.
5. Dwyer 2005, p. 187.
6. Leeson 2003, pp. 58–59.
7. ^ Dwyer 2005, p. 191.
8. Leeson 2003, p. 52.
9. ^ Leeson 2003, p. 53.
10. Leeson 2003, p. 57.
11. Leeson 2003, p. 58.
12. Leeson 2003, p. 51.
13. W. H. Kautt. Ground Truths. ISBN 978-0-7165-3220-0 page 100
14. William Sheehan. British Voices from the Irish War of Independence. ISBN 978-1-905172-37-5 page 90
15. Belfast Telegraph archive 27 November 1920
16. Lieutenant Colonel Sir Hamar Greenwood, Chief Secretary of Ireland (22 November 1920). "Murder Conspiracy.". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 135. House of Commons. col. 41. Thirty revolvers and other firearms were found on the field.
17. Leeson 2003, p. 63.
18. ^ Eldridge 2017.
19. Dwyer 2005, p. 192.
20. "Ceremony to mark grave of Bloody Sunday victim". hoganstand.com. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
21. ^ Eunan O'Halpin & Daithí Ó Corráin. The Dead of the Irish Revolution. Yale University Press, 2020. pp. 232–233
22. Dwyer 2005, p. 172.
23. "Kill Irish Prisoners Who Try To Escape From Castle Prison". The New York Times. 24 November 1920. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
24. Dwyer 2005, p. 195–196.
25. Collins, Lorcan, (2019), Irelands War of Independence 1919-1921, The O'Brien Press, Dublin, pg 166 ISBN 978-1-84717-950-0
26. Dwyer, T. Ryle (2005), The Squad, p. 193
27. Michael Foy, Michael Collins' Intelligence War, p. 168
28. Robert Kee, The Green Flag, pp. 693–94
29. Dwyer, T. Ryle (2005), The Squad, p. 192
30. Ormonde Winter, Winter's Tale, ISBN 9780745950006 pp. 322–23
31. Hopkinson 2004, p. 91.
32. Foley 2014: "The headline on the Freeman's Journal recalled the massacre in April 1919 by British Troops in India 'AMRITSAR REPEATED IN DUBLIN'."
33. Ilahi 2016, pp. 140–145.
34. Leeson 2003, pp. 54–55.
35. Dwyer 2005, p. 188.
36. Hopkinson 2004, p. 88.
37. Dolan 2006, p. 49.
38. Eunan O'Halpin & Daithí Ó Corráin. The Dead of the Irish Revolution. Yale University Press, 2020. p.225
39. Eunan O'Halpin & Daithí Ó Corráin. The Dead of the Irish Revolution. Yale University Press, 2020. p.338
40. "The day 14 died in Croke Park: Remembering those killed 99 years ago". The Irish Times. 20 November 2019. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2019. the GAA's own blood sacrifice on Bloody Sunday was chiefly memorialised in the person of the most famous victim, Tipperary's Mick Hogan, the only player to be killed and after whom the Hogan Stand was named
41. Connell, Joseph E.A. (2006). Where's where in Dublin: a directory of historic locations, 1913–1923: the Great Lockout, the Easter Rising, the War of Independence, the Irish Civil War. Dublin City Council. p. 55. ISBN 9780946841820. James (Shanker) Ryan, the one who betrayed Peadar Clancy and Dick McKee, was killed on 5 February 1921
42. Ó Ruairc, Pádraig Óg (2016). Truce: Murder, Myth and the Last Days of the Irish War of Independence. Mercier Press. ISBN 9781781173855.
43. "Tuesday 25th January 1921 Lancashire Evening Post". British Newspaper Archive. 25 January 1921. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
44. "Wednesday 26th January Yorkshire Post". 26 January 1921. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
45. "Thursday 27th January Londonderry Sentinel". 27 January 1921. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
46. "Dublin Murder Trials Begun". The Times. 26 January 1921.
47. "Lt John Connolly Leinster Regiment – Mr 'C' trial witness". The Cairo Gang. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013.
48. "Lt Charles R. Peel Lab. Corps. – Mr 'B' trail witness". The Cairo Gang. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013.
49. "New York Times Report 29th January 1921" (PDF). New York Times Archive. 29 January 1921. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
50. "The Teeling Escape". Generations Dublin. Archived from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
51. "The Irish Times – Page 5 Monday 7 March 1921". The Irish Times Archive. 7 March 1921. (subscription required)

Sources

• Bennett, Richard (1959). The Black and Tans. Barnes & Noble.
• Bowden, Tom (1972). "Bloody Sunday—A Reappraisal". European Studies Review. 2 (1): 25–42. doi:10.1177/026569147200200102. S2CID 145767524.
• Bowden, Tom (1974). Elliott-Bateman, Michael; Ellis, John; Bowden, Tom (eds.). Revolt to revolution: studies in the 19th and 20th century. European experience. The fourth dimension of warfare. Vol. 2. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-87471-448-7. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
• Carey, Tim; de Búrca, Marcus (Summer 2003). "Bloody Sunday 1920: New Evidence". History Ireland. 11 (2). Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
• Collins, Lorcan, (2019), Irelands War of Independence 1919-1921, The O'Brien Press, Dublin, ISBN 978-1-84717-950-0
• Coogan, Tim Pat (1990). Michael Collins. Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-174106-8.
• Dolan, Anne (2006). "Killing And Bloody Sunday". The Historical Journal. 49 (3). Cambridge University Press: 794.
• Dwyer, T. Ryle (2005). The Squad and the intelligence operations of Michael Collins. Dublin: Mercier Press. ISBN 9781856354691.
• Eldridge, Jim (2017). Independence: War in Ireland, 20 - 21 November 1920. Scholastic. ISBN 9781407184159. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
• Foley, Michael (2014). The Bloodied Field: Croke Park. Sunday 21 November 1920. O'Brien Press. ISBN 9781847176059.
• Gillis, Liz (3 June 2020). "Bloody Sunday, 1920: 'By their destruction the air is made sweeter'". The Irish Times.
• Hopkinson, Michael (2004). The Irish War of Independence. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 9780773528406.
• Ilahi, Shereen (2016). Imperial Violence and the Path to Independence: India, Ireland and the Crisis of Empire. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9780857727060. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
• Leeson, David (April 2003). "Death in the Afternoon: The Croke Park Massacre, 21 November 1920". Canadian Journal of History. 38 (1): 43–68. doi:10.3138/cjh.38.1.43. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
• Leonard, Jane (2012). ""English Dogs" or "Poor Devils"? The Dead of Bloody Sunday Morning". In Fitzpatrick, David (ed.). Terror in Ireland 1916–1923. Dublin: Lilliput Press. pp. 102–140.
• Sheffy, Yigal (1998). British Military Intelligence in the Palestine Campaign, 1914–1918. Cass Series—Studies in Intelligence.
• Smith, Michael (1996). The Spying Game. Victor Gollancz Ltd.
• Townshend, Charles (1979). "Bloody Sunday—Michael Collins Speaks". European Studies Review. 9 (3): 377–385. doi:10.1177/026569147900900305. S2CID 144931846.

v t e History of Dublin
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Early Dublin	Steine of Dublin Hoggen Green Dublin slave market Bridge of Dublin Early Scandinavian Dublin History of Dublin to 795 Kingdom of Dublin (c. 853-1170) Battle of Islandbridge (919) Battle of Clontarf (1014)
Middle Ages	Black Monday (1209) The Pale Dublin Castle Donnybrook Fair Gates of Dublin St Patrick's Cathedral Christ Church Cathedral Rathborne Candles St. Audoen's Church St. Mary's Abbey St. Michan's Church The Tholsel
Early modern	Escape of Hugh Roe O'Donnell et al. from Dublin Castle (1592) Trinity College Dublin (est. 1592) Dublin gunpowder explosion (1597) Massacre of Baldongan Church (1642) Battle of Rathmines (1649) Siege of Dublin (1649) Smithfield Market (mid-1600s) The Brazen Head (est. 1661) Disappearance of the Ouzel Galley (1695) Dick's Coffee House (1698-1780) Georgian Architecture in Dublin (1700s) The Great South Wall (1700s) and Bull Wall (1820s) Dublin election riot (1713) Drapier's Letters (1724-5) Linenhall (1728-1916) Hell Fire Club (1735-1741) Premiere of Handel's Messiah (1742) Daly's Club (1750-1823) Wide Streets Commission (1758-1851) Guinness Brewery (est. 1759) Royal Exchange (1779) Kildare Street Club (est. 1782) Richard Crosbie's balloon ascent (1785) The Grand Canal and Royal Canal (Early 1800s) Dublin quays (1800s) Irish Rebellion of 1803 (1803) Construction of Martello Towers (1803-08) Sinking of Rochdale and Prince of Wales (1807) Military Road (1809) Dublin and Kingstown Railway (1834-56) Dublin Metropolitan Police (1836-1925) Sinking of the PS Queen Victoria (1838) Dún Laoghaire Harbour (1842) Hamilton's eureka moment at Broom Bridge (1843) Great Industrial Exhibition (1853) Sinking of the RMS Tayleur (1854) Monto (red light district) (1860s-1950s) Wellington Monument (1861) Dublin Fire Brigade (est. 1862) International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures (1865) Dublin tramways (1872-1959) Dublin whiskey fire (1875) Dublin Artisans' Dwellings Company (1876-1979) Phoenix Park Murders (1882) Dublin Castle scandal (1884) Kingstown lifeboat disaster (1895)
Late modern	Hill of Howth Tramway (1901-59) Irish International Exhibition (1907) Theft of the Irish Crown Jewels (1907) Dublin Lock-out (1913-14) Bachelor's Walk massacre (1914) Howth gun-running (1914) Easter Rising (1916) Introduction of Dublin Postal Districts (1917) Sinking of the RMS Leinster (1918) The First Dáil (1919-21) Bloody Sunday (1920) Burning of the Custom House (1921) Battle of Dublin (1922) Hosting of the Tailteann Games (1924, 1928, 1932) Assassination of Kevin O'Higgins (1927) Saint Patrick's Day parade (est. 1931) 1932 Eucharistic Congress 1933 Dublin riot Pearse Street fire (1936) Bombing of Dublin in World War II (1941) Baggotonia (1950s) Bloomsday commemorations (est. 1954) Destruction of Nelson's Pillar (1966) RTÉ Studio bombing (1969) Dublin fires (1970) Contraceptive Train (1971) Hosting of the Eurovision Song Contest (1971, 1981, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1997) Poolbeg Chimneys (1971) Burning of the British Embassy in Dublin (1972) Dublin bombings (1972-73) Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape (1973) Dublin and Monaghan Bombings (1974) Dublin Airport bombing (1975) "Save Wood Quay" (1978-79) Stardust fire (1981) "GUBU" (Malcolm MacArthur) (1982) Dublin Area Rapid Transit (1984) Hurricane Charley flooding (1986) Students Against the Destruction of Dublin (1987-91) Dublin Millennium celebrations (1988) European Capital of Culture (1991) Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993 (1993) Lansdowne Road football riot (1995) Assassination of Veronica Guerin (1996)
Contemporary	Crumlin-Drimnagh feud (2000-2016) Hosting of the Special Olympics (2003) Spire of Dublin (2003) Luas (2004) May Day protests (2004) Dublin riots (2006) Dublin Port Tunnel (2006) Anti-austerity demonstrations (2008-15) 2008 floods (2008) Dublinbikes (est. 2009) Bank of Ireland robbery (2009) M50 motorway (2010) Slovak Police training explosives incident (2010) UNESCO City of Literature (2010) Silicon Docks (est. 2011) Occupy Dame Street (2011-12) Hutch–Kinahan feud (2015-to date) Occupation of Apollo House (2017) Dublin Tech Summit (est. 2017) The Beast from the East (2018) Coolock feud (2019-20) COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023) Dublin riots (2021) Irish anti-immigration protests (2022-to date) Dublin mass stabbing & riot (2023)
Annual sporting events	Dublin Horse Show (est. 1864) Hosting of the All-Ireland Football Final (est. 1888) Leopardstown Racecourse (est. 1888) Phoenix Park Racecourse (1902-1990) Hosting of the All-Ireland Hurling Final (est. 1912) Liffey Swim (est. 1920) Dublin–Limerick hurling rivalry (1923 - to date) Liffey Descent canoe race (est. 1960) Dublin Marathon (est. 1980) Women's Mini Marathon (est. 1983) Great Ireland Run (est. 2003) Art O'Neill Challenge (est. 2009)

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