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Fernando Gabeira

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Revision as of 03:24, 28 January 2024 by 108.51.52.223 (talk)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Brazilian politician (born 1941) In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Nagle and the second or paternal family name is Gabeira.
Fernando Gabeira
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office
1 February 1995 – 1 February 2011
ConstituencyRio de Janeiro
Personal details
BornFernando Paulo Nagle Gabeira
(1941-02-17) 17 February 1941 (age 83)
Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Political partyPV (1989–2002; 2003–present)
Other political
affiliations		PT (1986–1989; 2002–2003)
Spouses
Yamê Reis ​ ​(m. 1983; div. 1999)​
Neila Tavares ​(m. 2005)​
Children2, including Maya
RelativesLeda Nagle (cousin)
ProfessionJournalist
Known forKidnapping of Charles Elbrik

Fernando Paulo Nagle Gabeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [feʁˈnɐ̃du ɡaˈbejɾɐ]; born 17 February 1941) is a Brazilian politician, author and journalist. He was a federal representative for the state of Rio de Janeiro from 1995 to 2011.

He is known for his 1979 book O Que É Isso, Companheiro? (loosely translated, What Was That, Man?). The book tells of the armed resistance to the military dictatorship in Brazil, and describes the 1969 kidnapping of American ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick, in which Gabeira took part as a member of MR8, a group fighting the military dictatorship then ruling Brazil.

The book was made into a movie in 1997, titled Four Days in September in English. The movie was nominated for many awards, including an Oscar as Best Foreign Language Film at the 70th Academy Awards. (Dutch film Karakter won the category.)

Because of his criminal role in kidnapping its ambassador, the United States considered Gabeira to be a terrorist and refused him a visa to visit the United States. Gabeira requested and was denied a visa three times. In 1998, he declared a visa denial would speak not of him, but as a U.S. act against Brazilian sovereignty. Folha de São Paulo reported that Gabeira's lack of contrition may have contributed to the continuing refusals. Years later, in a 2009 Ragga interview, Gabeira called the kidnapping a mistake, and acknowledged positive views of the United States, saying Brazil had much it could learn from and admire about the U.S.

Biography

Fernando Paulo Nagle Gabeira was born February 17, 1941, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, to Lebanese immigrant parents.

Gabeira started his journalism career young, contributing to magazines and newspapers in Juiz de Fora while still in high school. His interest in politics was evident from the start.

After a short stay in Belo Horizonte in the 1960s, Gabeira moved to Rio de Janeiro, where he worked as a reporter for the Jornal do Brasil, a prominent carioca newspaper. With the military coup in April 1964, Gabeira got involved in the armed resistance to the new regime.

In 1969, the Ação Libertadora Nacional, the main armed leftwing organization in Brazil, and the MR8, to which Gabeira belonged, orchestrated the kidnapping of U.S. Ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick in Rio de Janeiro. Gabeira helped plan and execute the attack. To begin negotiations, the kidnappers demanded their manifesto be printed in local media, which was done. They also threatened to murder Elbrick if their demands were not met within 48 hours. Elbrick was released after 78 hours in exchange for the release of 15 political prisoners imprisoned by the military dictatorship, who were exiled to Mexico.

In 1970, Gabeira was jailed in São Paulo. He tried to escape but was shot in the attempt, striking his back and perforating a kidney as well as his stomach and liver. In June of that year, he and 39 others were released in exchange for the release of German ambassador Ehrenfried von Holleben, who had been kidnapped by terrorists just as Elbrick had been. The 40 were banned from Brazil and sent into exile.

Fernando Gabeira, 1969.

During his exile in the 1970s, Gabeira lived in several countries including Chile, Sweden, and Italy. In Stockholm, where he spent most of his exile, he earned a degree in anthropology from the University of Stockholm and worked as a journalist as well as a train conductor.

He returned to Brazil in 1979, where he began to work as a journalist and writer, arguing for an end to the military dictatorship. He then wrote O Que É Isso, Companheiro?, describing the 1969 kidnapping of Ambassador Elbrick, as well as his role in it.

After 1985, Gabeira shifted his attention to minority rights and the environment. He was one of the founding members of the Green Party of Brazil, and repeatedly voiced his ideological support for the legalization of marijuana, for marriage equality, and for the legalization of abortion.

Gabeira left the Green Party in 2001 to join the Workers' Party. He remained affiliated with the Workers' Party for only two years, however, and later rejoined the Green Party in 2005. He ran for mayor of the city of Rio de Janeiro in 2008, but was narrowly defeated by Eduardo Paes in a runoff (49.3% – 50.7%). He lost a bid to become governor of the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2010.

The knitted swimsuit affair

Gabeira's scandalous swimsuit

He lived for a decade in exile during the military dictatorship, and returned to Brazil in 1979. Just after his return, a photo of Gabeira wearing a very small knitted swimsuit on Ipanema beach turned into a national scandal. Years later, Gabeira revealed that the suit was actually the bottom of one of his cousin Leda Nagle's bikinis.

Literary career

In 1979, he wrote the book O Que É Isso, Companheiro?, about his participation in the armed struggle against the military regime in Brazil (1964–1985) and his subsequent exile in Europe. The book won the Jabuti Literature Prize in the biography/memoirs category in 1980 and was made into the film Four Days in September by filmmaker Bruno Barreto in 1997.

In 1980, he released O Crepúsculo do Macho, a continuation of O Que É Isso, Companheiro?.

In 1981, he launched Entradas e Bandeiras, a book in which he chronicles his return to Brazil and his abandonment of Marxist ideology, shifting to fight for issues such as ecology, pleasure, and sexual freedom. In the same year, he launched Hôte da utopia, in which he deepens his new ideological positioning.

In 1982, he launched Sinais de Vida on Planeta Minas, in which he chronicles feminist struggles against the conservative society of Brazil's Minas Gerais state, through the biographies of five mineiras, including Dona Beja and Ângela Diniz.

In 1987, he published Goiânia, Rua 57 — o Nuclear na Terra do Sol, in which he reported on a radiological accident that occurred in Goiânia.

In 2000, he launched A Maconha, in which he discussed the decriminalization of marijuana, its therapeutic functions, the societal role it plays, etc.

In 2006, he launched Navegação na Neblina, under a Creative Commons license, addressing the 2005 "Bloodsuckers Scandal," in which elected and governing officials stole money meant to buy ambulances.

In 2012, he released Onde Está Tudo Aquilo Agora.

In 2017, he released Democracia Tropical: Caderno de um Aprendiz, in which he recounted Dilma Rousseff's impeachment, as well as an overview of the prior thirty years of Brazilian democracy.

Family

Gabeira is the son of Paulo Gabeira and Isabel Nagle, both Lebanese immigrants. His surname was aportuguesado (altered to conform with Portuguese language norms, equivalent to anglicization) from the transliterations Jabara or Gebara (in Arabic : جبارة).

He was married to Brazilian fashion designer, Yamê Reis, with whom he had two daughters, Tami and Maya. The couple divorced in 1999.

His daughter Maya has since become a top female big wave surfer. She said the trauma of her parents' divorce drove her to leave home at age 15 and go to Australia on a student program. She moved to Hawaii in 2004 at age 17 to surf world class waves. She quickly emerged as the world's top female big-wave surfer, winning global championships in challenging spots like Mavericks, Waimea, Todos Santos, and South Africa's shark-infested Dungeons. She told Huck Magazine in 2007: "My dad and I are very similar. All the energy he's put into improving the country I have as well – only I've been channeling it into my surfing." She added: "My dad has a really strong character, is incredibly bright and I’ve learned a lot from him."

References

  1. https://aceiteestamanga.wordpress.com/2010/07/13/o-que-e-isso-companheiro/
  2. "Folha de S.Paulo - EUA negarão visto para Gabeira ir à ONU (com foto) - 03/12/98". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
  3. "Militante da ALN, que sequestrou embaixador dos EUA, obtém visto". revistaforum.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-11-07.
  4. Zahar, Andre (16 October 2008). "Em debate, Paes e Gabeira admitem ter fumado maconha no passado" [In debate, Paes and Gabeira admit to having smoked marijuana in the past]. www1.folha.uol.com.br (in Portuguese).
  5. "O incrível sequestro de Charles Elbrick - SUPERINTERESSANTE". Archived from the original on 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
  6. "Ex-militante recebe visto dos Estados Unidos". Tribuna do Norte. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
  7. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/brasil/fc03129813.htm
  8. https://issuu.com/revistaragga/docs/maio2009
  9. http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-biografico/fernando-paulo-nagle-gabeira
  10. http://www.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-biografico/fernando-paulo-nagle-gabeira
  11. https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/17/archives/kidnappers-free-bonn-envoy-in-rio-ambassador-released-after-brazil.html
  12. https://segueuserfiles.middlebury.edu/.../Fernando%20Gabeira.doc
  13. https://neamp.pucsp.br/liderancas/fernando-paulo-nagle-gabeira
  14. "ZAZ – ISTOÉ GENTE – Anistia na tanga de Gabeira". www.terra.com.br. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
  15. Revista IstoÉ (8 December 2017). "istoe.com.br/um-homem-do-presente/". 2017-02-08. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
  16. Maalouf, Ramez Philippe (2007). "Review of Atlas du Liban: territoires et société, edited by Éric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour and Sébastien Velut, french-lebanese edition by IFPO (Institut Français du Proche-Orient) and CNRS Liban (Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique – Liban) Beirut, 2007". Confins. Revue Franco-Brésilienne de Géographie / Revista Franco-Brasilera de Geografia (4). Retrieved 2019-02-24.
  17. Luis Nassif (2012-06-25). "Como Veja tratou a imigração árabe no Brasil". Retrieved 2019-02-24.

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