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Kalymnos Κάλυμνος
Municipality
Pothia, capital of the island
KalymnosLocation within the region
Coordinates: 36°59′24″N 26°59′06″E / 36.99000°N 26.98500°E / 36.99000; 26.98500
Country	Greece
Administrative region	South Aegean
Regional unit	Kalymnos
Area
• Municipality	134.5 km (51.9 sq mi)
Highest elevation	700 m (2,300 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population
• Municipality	17,752
• Density	130/km (340/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	852 00
Area code(s)	22430
Vehicle registration	ΚΧ, ΡΟ, ΡΚ
Website	www.kalymnos-isl.gr

Kalymnos (Greek: Κάλυμνος; Modern Greek pronunciation: [ˈkalimnos]) is a Greek island and municipality in the southeastern Aegean Sea. It belongs to the Dodecanese island chain, between the islands of Kos (south, at a distance of 12 km (7 mi)) and Leros (north, at a distance of less than 2 km (1 mi)): the latter is linked to it through a series of islets. Kalymnos lies between two and five hours away by sea from the island of Rhodes.

In 2021 the island had a population of 17,752, making it the third most populous island of the Dodecanese, after Kos and Rhodes. It is known in Greece for the affluence of much of its population, and also stands as both the wealthiest member of the Dodecanese and one of the wealthiest Greek islands overall. The Municipality of Kalymnos, which includes the populated offshore islands of Pserimos, Telendos, Kalolimnos, and Pláti, as well as several uninhabited islets, has a combined land area of 134.544 square kilometres (51.948 sq mi) and a total population of 17,752 inhabitants (2021).

Naming

The island is known as Càlino in Italian and Kilimli or Kelemez in Turkish.

Geography

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The island has a length of 21 km (13 mi), is 13 km (8 mi) across at its widest, and covers an area of 109 square kilometres (42 sq mi). Moreover, on the north side there is a peninsula which stretches in a northwest direction.

Kalymnos is mostly mountainous with complicated topography. There are three main chains going from W-NW to E-SE, and a fourth which extends NW the length of the peninsula. The coastline is very irregular, with many sheltered coves. There are some springs, one among them being thermal. The soil is mainly limestone-based, but in the valleys, there is a compact bank of volcanic tuff, the relic of an ancient volcano, located in Vigles, between the villages of Myrties and Kantouni. The island is mainly barren, except for the two fertile valleys of Vathys and Pothia, where olives, oranges and vines are grown. There is also an ostrich farm in Argos, near the airport.

Earthquakes are a frequent occurrence around Kalymnos, a fact that is connected with the volcanoes in surrounding islands. The last earthquake that occurred was the 2017 Aegean Sea earthquake with a magnitude of 6.7M_w, which injured two people in Kalymnos.

Archipelago of Kalymnos

Kalymnos is neighboured by the small island of Telendos, which was once part of Kalymnos, but split off after a major earthquake in 554 and is now separated from Kalymnos by a channel of water (about 800 m wide).

Between Kalymnos and Kos lies the islet of Pserimos which is inhabited and, with an area of 11 square kilometres (4 sq mi), is one of the largest of the lesser islands of the Dodecanese. Near Pserimos lies the islet of Platí, and about 5 km (3 mi) to the NE lies the small islet of Kalolimnos.

History

Inhabited originally by Carians, in Antiquity Kalymnos depended on Kos, and followed its history. The island's Hellenistic Temple of Apollo was excavated by the British archaeologist Charles Newton in the nineteenth century; many of the finds he made, including important epigraphic inscriptions, are in the British Museum's collection. In the Middle Ages it was under the influence of the Byzantine Empire, and during the 13th century it was used by the Venetian Republic as a naval base. In 1310 it came under the control of the Knights of Rhodes, and later (mainly in 1457 and 1460) was often attacked by the Ottomans, who eventually conquered it in 1522. Unlike Rhodes and Kos, during the Ottoman period, there was no Turkish immigration to Kalymnos.

According to the Ottoman General Census of 1881/82-1893, the kaza of Kalymnos had a total population of 9,716, consisting of 9,482 Greeks, 64 Muslims and 170 foreign citizens.

On May 12, 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War, Kalymnos was occupied by Italian sailors of the Regia Marina. Italy took control of the island along with other islands of the Dodecanese (except Kastellorizo initially) until 1947, when the Dodecanese were finally united with mainland Greece, as part of the modern Greek state.

Religion

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The majority of Kalymnians are Orthodox Christians. The island belongs to that small part of Greece that does not depend on the Church of Greece, but rather on the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople based in Istanbul, Turkey. Kalymnos belongs to the Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalaia.

Sponge diving

Kalymnos is known and billed as the "Sponge-divers' island". Sponge diving has long been a common occupation on Kalymnos and sponges were the main source of income of Kalymnians, bringing wealth to the island and making it famous throughout the Mediterranean. The Kalymnians harvested sponges from the sea-bed as close as Pserimos or as far as North Africa. Early diving was done without equipment (free diving), using a harpoon. Sponges are still fished individually, by hand.

The Greek sponge trade was centered close in the Dodecanese, featuring Kalymnos until the mid-80s, when a disease hit the eastern Mediterranean destroying a great number of sponges and damaging the sponge-fishing industry as a result. Today, Kalymnos faces a lack of sponges due to the outbreak of a disease that has decimated sponge crops.

An annual celebration, Sponge Week, occurs a week after Easter to honour this "Kalymnian gold.” Much has been written, sung and filmed about the legendary courage and recklessness of the sponge divers themselves.

The local folk dance Mihanikos depicts the crippling effects of decompression sickness that is caused by sponge diving. It is typically only performed by men.

Climbing

Kalymnos is a popular rock climbing location with more than 3000 climbing routes set in the limestone rock of the island and a climate that allows climbing all year around. The island has seen a boom in climbing related tourism since 1997, when the Italian Andrea di Bari started establishing the first routes.

Economy

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Being mostly barren (only 18% of the land can be cultivated), agriculture has always played a minor role in the economy of the island, except for the valley of Vathi. The island is famous for its citrus fruits grown in this area.

Another industrial activity typical of Kalymnos was the production of painted head scarfs, which were the most original component of the female dress.

In recent times, tourism has become important for the island, particularly for rock climbing. In 2006, the island also acquired an airport, the Kalymnos Island National Airport in Argos, a village between Pothia and Brosta (the villages which are opposite of Telendos), to better link the island with the mainland.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, there has been much emigration from Kalymnos (the 1925 population was some 24,000 inhabitants as compared to 16,500 in 2012), especially to the United States and Australia. The cities of Darwin and Melbourne in Australia, and Tarpon Springs, Gary, IN, and Campbell, OH in the United States are home to large Greek communities of Kalymnian descent.

Kalymnian emigrants and their descendants also form a substantial portion of the bridge painting industry in the USA. Some researchers link this to the sponge diving tradition and way of life as both trades involve dangerous work with long periods away from home.

Election Results

Notable people

• St Savvas the New of Kalymnos (1862-1947), Orthodox Christian Saint and patron Saint of the island of Kalymnos
• Skevos Zervos (1875–1966), professor and surgeon
• Bob Costas (1952- ), American sportscaster of Kalymnian descent
• Mike Bilirakis (1930 - ), American politician of Kalymnian descent
• Gus Bilirakis (1963- ), American politician of Kalymnian descent
• Maria Skyllas-Kazacos, Australian chemical engineer, emeritus professor at University of New South Wales, Inventor of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Gallery

• Statue of Nike (Victory)
• The seafront of Pothia
• The medieval town-castle of Chorio (or Chora)
• Pothia
• Emborios in the northernmost part of the island
• Telendos at sunset
• Masouri
• Emborios
• Pothia Port
• Shopping lanes in Pothia
• Pserimos beach
• Masouri
• Pothia
• Pothia
• Metamorfosi Sotiros Cathedral
• Map of Kalymnos by Bordone Benedetto (1547)
• Panoramic view

References

1. "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
2. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
3. Bertarelli (1929) sub vocem
4. Spiteri, Stephen. Fortresses of the Knights, p. 197. University of Michigan Press, 2001, 382 pages. ISBN 978-9990972061.
5. British Museum Collection
6. Kemal Karpat (1985), Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics, The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 130-131
7. Clift, Charmian, Mermaid Singing, Bobbs-Merrill, London, 1956
8. Stathopoulos, Dimitris (19 November 2024). "The eternal art of sponging: Yannis Magriplis, at 90 years of age, continues to be a tireless ambassador of the art". travel.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 19 November 2024.
9. Γκρόγκου, Μαριάννα (23 March 2016). "Ο Καλυμνιώτικος "χορός του μηχανικού" και το έθιμο του "χορού του συγχώριου"". Η Ροδιακή (in Greek).
10. "Rock Climbing Guide to Kalymnos". theCrag.com.
11. "Kalymnos - Possibly the best sport climbing destination ever?". UKClimbing. 2 December 2010. Archived from the original on Jul 12, 2019.
12. ^ "Kalymnos climbing in Greece". planetmountain.com. Archived from the original on Sep 22, 2017.
13. Beaumont, Peter (21 April 2012). "Climbing in Greece". The Observer. TheGuardian. Archived from the original on Jul 12, 2019.
14. "Andrea Di Bari pays tribute to Kalymnos". climbkalymnos.com. Archived from the original on Jul 12, 2019.

• Bertarelli, L.V. (1929). Guida d'Italia, Vol. XVII (in Italian). Consociazione Turistica Italiana, Milano.

v t e Administrative division of the South Aegean Region
Area: 5,286 km (2,041 sq mi) Population: 309,015 (as of 2011) Municipalities: 34 (since 2011) Capital: Ermoupoli (Syros)
Regional unit of Andros	Andros
Regional unit of Kalymnos	Agathonisi Astypalaia Kalymnos Leipsoi Leros Patmos
Regional unit of Karpathos-Kasos	Karpathos Kasos
Regional unit of Kea-Kythnos	Kea Kythnos
Regional unit of Kos	Kos Nisyros
Regional unit of Milos	Kimolos Milos Serifos Sifnos
Regional unit of Mykonos	Mykonos
Regional unit of Naxos	Amorgos Naxos and Lesser Cyclades
Regional unit of Paros	Antiparos Paros
Regional unit of Rhodes	Chalki Kastellorizo Rhodes Symi Tilos
Regional unit of Syros	Syros-Ermoupoli
Regional unit of Thira	Anafi Folegandros Ios Sikinos Thira (Santorini)
Regional unit of Tinos	Tinos
Regional governor: Giorgos Hatzimarkos (since 2014) Decentralized Administration: Aegean

v t e Aegean Sea
General Countries  Greece  Turkey Other Aegean civilizations Aegean dispute Aegean Islands Greek islands Turkish islands
Aegean Islands Cyclades Amorgos Anafi Ananes Andros Antimilos Antiparos Daskalio Delos Despotiko Donousa Folegandros Gyaros Ios Irakleia Kardiotissa Kea Keros Kimolos Koufonisia Kythnos Milos Mykonos Naxos Paros Polyaigos Rineia Santorini Schoinoussa Serifopoula Serifos Sifnos Sikinos Syros Therasia Tinos Vous Dodecanese Agathonisi Alimia Arkoi Armathia Astakida Astypalaia Çatalada Chamili Farmakonisi Gaidaros Gyali Halki Imia Kalolimnos Kalymnos Kandelioussa Kara Ada Karpathos Kasos Kinaros Kos Küçük Tavşan Adası Leipsoi (Lipsi) Leros Levitha (Lebynthos) Nimos Nisyros Pacheia Patmos Platy Pserimos Rhodes Salih Ada Saria Symi Syrna Telendos Tilos Zaforas North Aegean Agios Efstratios Agios Minas Ammouliani Ayvalık Islands Büyük Ada Chios Chryse Cunda Foça Islands Fournoi Korseon Icaria Imbros Koukonesi Lemnos Lesbos Megalonisi (Nisiopi) Metelik Island Oinousses Pasas Psara Samiopoula Samos Samothrace Tenedos Thasos Thymaina Uzunada Zourafa Saronic Aegina Agios Georgios Agistri Dokos Hydra Poros Psyttaleia Salamis Spetses Sporades Adelfoi Islets Agios Georgios Skopelou Alonnisos Argos Skiathou Dasia Erinia Gioura Grammeza Kyra Panagia Lekhoussa Peristera Piperi Psathoura Repi Sarakino Skandili Skantzoura Skiathos Skopelos Skyropoula Skyros Tsoungria Valaxa Cretan Afentis Christos Agia Varvara Agioi Apostoloi Agioi Pantes Agioi Theodoroi Agios Nikolaos Anavatis Arnaouti Aspros Volakas Avgo Crete Daskaleia Dia Diapori Dionysades Elasa Ftena Trachylia Glaronisi Gramvousa Grandes Kalydon (Spinalonga) Karavi Karga Katergo Kavallos Kefali Kolokytha Koursaroi Kyriamadi Lazaretta Leon Mavros Mavros Volakas Megatzedes Mochlos Nikolos Palaiosouda Peristeri Peristerovrachoi Petalida Petalouda Pontikaki Pontikonisi Praso (Prasonisi) Prosfora Pseira Sideros Souda Valenti Vryonisi Other Ionian Islands Antikythera Kythira Euboea Makronisos

Notes

1.   EL 7.48
     Niki 5.77
     Spartiates 5.50
     PE 1.76
     Other 3.67
2.   EL 8.69
     Niki 4.40
     PE 1.40
     Other 6.63
3.   EL 7.03
     XA 3.27
     Μ25 1.83
     EK 1.42
     PE 1.26
     Other 2.00
4.   XA 6.01
     ANEL 5.38
     LAE 2.41
     Potami 2.20
     EK 2.20
     Koinonia 2.05
     Other 1.72
5.   ANEL 9.62
     Potami 6.62
     XA 3.84
     KIDISO 1.77
     DIMAR 1.07
     Other 2.83
6.   ANEL 13.71
     DIMAR 8.20
     XA 3.73
     Other 3.22
7.   ANEL 20.28
     KOISY 8.25
     DIMAR 7.84
     XA 3.86
     OP 2.09
     LAOS 1.77
     Other 6.10
8.   LAOS 2.33
     OP 1.10
     Other 2.73
9.   LAOS 1.78
     DIMAN 1.19
     Other 0.96
10.   DIKKI 2.02
      Other 1.40
11. ^ as Syn
12.   DIKKI 4.00
      Other 1.33
13.   DIKKI 7.89
      POLAN 1.90
      Other 1.26
14.   POLAN 2.31
      Other 0.67
15.   XD 1.87
      Other 1.58
16. ^ as KKE-Es
17. as Symmachia
18.   EDIK 7.14
      Other 0.60
19. as EA
20.   EK–ND 8.37
      DEK 3.59
      Other 0.72

• Municipalities of the South Aegean
• Populated places in Kalymnos (regional unit)
• Kalymnos
• Islands of Greece
• Dodecanese
• Volcanoes of Greece
• Landforms of Kalymnos (regional unit)
• Islands of the South Aegean
• Members of the Delian League
• Climbing areas of Greece