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Authentic Matthew is a name given, according to Jerome's Commentary on Matthew ch. 2 , to a gospel identical to the Gospel of the Hebrews: "In the Gospel which the Nazarenes and the Ebionites use which we have recently translated from Hebrew to Greek, and which most people call the Authentic Gospel of Matthew...". It was called Authentic Matthew because a tradition, reported by Jerome, asserted that it was actually written by the apostle Matthew. Authentic Matthew is a lost gospel that has been at least partially preserved in the works of some of the Church Fathers.

Background

In the early first century, a small group of people in and about Jerusalem started to claim that a young man named Jesus was the promised Jewish Messiah. They said that the Romans had executed Jesus, and Yahweh had raised him from the dead.

In the year 62, the province of Judaea rose in revolt against the Romans. According to some writers, during this period of instability, temple priests loyal to Herod murdered the group’s leader, James the Just. In the suppression of the rebellion, Roman troops depopulated and destroyed much of Judaea, including the city of Jerusalem.

One account of the life and teachings of Jesus perhaps dating from this time was written by a person named Matthew. According to the Church Fathers, he was the same person as the apostle Matthew, and his account was written in Aramaic. Although circulated among Jewish followers of Jesus, this Gospel of the Hebrews was little known among the churches founded by Paul of Tarsus, for even among Paul's literate followers few were fluent in Aramaic written in Hebrew script.

External links

• Gospel of the Hebrews at Wikisource

• New Testament Apocrypha