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P is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. It can also refer to the following.

Science

• pH
• pKa
• p-type semiconductor
• Haplogroup P (mtDNA) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
• Haplogroup P (Y-DNA) is a Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroup.
• P, proline
• P, phosphorus
• p, momentum
• p, pressure
• P power (physics)
• P, polarisation
• P, poise, the CGS unit of dynamic viscosity.
• p, poncelet, an obsolete unit of power.
• p, kilopond, an obsolete unit of force.
• p, proton
• P is a corner point joining three edges of the Brillouin zone of a body-centered cubic lattice.
• p, pico, is an SI prefix meaning 10.
• P, Peta (prefix), is an SI prefix meaning 10.

Mathematics

• ${\displaystyle \mathbb {P} }$, projective space
• ${\displaystyle \mathbb {P} }$, prime numbers
• P_n(x) denotes a Legendre polynomial of the nth degree.
• p-value of a given result in an experiment is the result's statistical significance; the probability of observing this result or a more extreme result, by chance alone.
• _nP_r is used to denote permutations.
• p, a proposition in symbolic logic

Computing

• <p> is the HTML element to mark the beginning of paragraphs.

Other uses

• In baseball, P is the abbreviation for the position of pitcher.
• In bibliography, p (or p.) is the abbreviation for page (pp. stands for "pages").
• In British coinage, p is the symbol for penny (plural pence), for example 20p (20 pence).
• In chess, P is sometimes used as a notation symbol for the pawn piece.
• In Classics, P may refer to the author of the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia
• In driving,
  • P designates the parking gear of an automatic transmission.
  • P on a plate attached to the exterior of a vehicle indicates the driver is on a probationary license (in an L/P-plate system).
  • P on a Prohibitory traffic sign (or Prohibition sign) communicates parking availability, with a P in a red crossed circle indicating "No Parking" and a P in an open circle (often accompanied with a directional arrow) indicating parking availability.
• In economics, P is usually used to represent price levels.
• In international license plate codes, P stands for Portugal.
• In metrology,
  • P is the symbol for the French foot (pied);
  • p is the symbol for the French inch (pouce); and
  • p can also stand for "part", as in ppm ("parts per million").
• In music, p stands for piano, meaning "softly" (pp stands for "pianissimo").
• In New Zealand, P is slang for pure methamphetamine.
• In photography, most SLR cameras use P to signify program mode, where the camera sets both aperture and shutter speed.
• As the first letter of a postal code, in Canada, P stands for Northern Ontario.
• In publishing, a circled P, ℗, represents a copyright on a sound recording.
• In Roman naming convention, P is the abbreviation for the praenomen Publius.
• In UK regulation of therapeutic goods 'P' designates Pharmacist-only over-the-counter drugs.
• P was an American alternative rock band; see P (group).
• P (or p) is sometimes confused with rho, the seventeenth letter of the Greek Alphabet, or is used as a substitute when the correct character is not available.
• P is used as an emoticon in the form of :P
• p can stand for picas in typesetting programs like Adobe InDesign.

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