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Rope stretcher

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File:3kr.jpg

In ancient Egypt Rope stretchers were surveyors who measured out the sides of fields 3ht using knotted cords which they stretched in order to take the sag out of the rope and keep the 3ht measures uniform . As far back as the palettes of Narmer and the Scorpion King the Egyptians document the process the royal surveyors used to restore the boundaries of fields after each innundation or flood.

Narmer and the Scorpion King portray themselves controlling the land through their control of the water that irrigates the land. On the Narmer palette Horus assists Narmerby opening the ways of 3kr the personified god of the land itself shown in the image to the right as a man with a field growing out of his head.

The Narmer pose is a man striding forward with raised mace toward a subservient subject, which in this case is labled st3t or a field whose kht is 100 royal cubits.

1 khet = 1 side of an 3ht of length 100 cubits
1 st3t = a field of side 100 royal cubits

"Of the officials, some are market commissioners, others are city commissioners and others are in charge of the soldiers. Among these, the first keep the rivers improved and the land remeasured, as in Egypt, and inspect the closed canals from which the water is distributed into the conduits, in order that all may have an equal use of it. The same men also have charge of the hunters and are authorized to reward or punish those who deserve either. They also collect the taxes and superintend the crafts connected with the land -- those of wood-cutters, carpenters, workers in brass, and miners. And they make roads, and at every ten stadia place pillars showing the by-roads and the distances.

Now that is kind of interesting because many people think the Romans imvented the idea of the milestone

On Every Road built by the Romans throughout Europe a milestone, was erected every mile to announce the distance to Rome.

Many mile units based on or similar to this standard of measure have been used historically. It was derived from the The Greek Milos or Milion of 4800 pous and from it the English of c 49 BC - 1593 AD are 8 stadions, stadiums, furlongs of 185 m was derived.

Other classically related divisions and multiples of the Mille Passus include the parasang and milion.

Miles and stadia have been intended to be unit divisions of a degree of the Earth's great circle circumference since they were firstdefined as standards of measure by the rope stretchers of Mesopotamia and Egypt.

The most interesting thing about the Mille passus is that it is classically alleged to have been composed of 8 stadia such that the Mille Passus and its subdivisions of stadium, passus and pes were geo-commensurate with a degree of the Earths great circle.

A Mille Passus, meaning thousand paces or milliare, is a division of a degree of the earth's great circle.

The Roman Milliare of 5000 pes and 5000 passus was derived from the Greek milion.

  • 1 Mille passus = 1/75 Degree of the Earths Great Circle
  • 1 stadia = 1/600 Degree of the Earths Great Circle
  • 1 passus = 1/75,000 Degree of the Earths Great Circle
  • 1 pes = 1/375,000 Degree of the Earths Great Circle

The Degree Mille Passus

The Degree of Aristotle

  • 1 Degree = 1/360 of 400,000 stadia = 1111.1 stadia = 111km
  • 10 stadions = 1 km
  • 1 stadion = 100 m = 300 pous of 333.3 mm
  • 111 km divided into 600 stadions of 600 pous of 308.4 mm = 185 m

The Degree of Posidonius

  • 1 Degree = 1/360 of 216,000 stadia
  • 1 Degree = 600 stadions = 111km
  • 111 km divided into 600 stadions of 600 pous of 308.4 mm = 185 m

The Degree of Marinus

  • 1 degree = 1/360 of 180,000 stadia
  • 1 Ptolomaic Degree = 500 stadions = 111km
  • 111 km divided into 500 stadions of 600 remen of 14.7" = 222m

The Degree of Ptolemy

  • 1 degree = 1/360 of 180,000 stadia
  • 1 Ptolomaic Degree = 500 stadions = 111km
  • 111 km divided into 500 stadions of 600 remen of 14.7" = 222m

The Ptolomaic stadia is divided into remen instead of pous because in Egypt Remen had always been used for land surveys.

The Degree of Erathosthenes

  • 1 Degree = 1/360 of 252,000 stadia
  • 1 Persian degree = 700 stadia = 111 km
  • 10 Egyptian schoeni = 20 Persian parasangs = 600 furlongs
  • 1 Persian stadia = 157 m = 3 Egyptian st3t

The Egyptian Degree

  • 1 Degree = 1/360 of 2,520,000 itrw
  • 1 Egyptian degree = 10 itrw = 700 stadia = 210,000 royal cubits
  • 1 itrw = 21,000 royal cubits = 70 stadia of 3 st3t
  • 3 st3t of 100 royal cubits = 157 m
  • 700 x 157 = 10.99 km
  • 1 itrw is 1 hours river journey
  • 1 atur is 1 hour of March
  • 1 Egyptian Minute of March is 350 royal cubits of 525 mm = 183 m

The Degree of Herodotus

The Stadium Mille Passus

A stadia is a division of a degree into a fraction of a mile.

The Leauge of The Mille Passus

A leauge is a division of a degree into a multiple of a mile.

Metrological References

Mathmatical References

Linguistic references

Classical References

Historical References

Archaeological References

Medieval References