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This article deals with territories annexed into Nazi Germany. For territories occupied in 1939 but not annexed, see General Government.

At the beginning of World War II, nearly a quarter of the pre-war Polish areas were annexed by Nazi Germany and placed under German civil administration. The annexation was part of the partition of Poland by the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union as per the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

Background

Invading Poland in September 1939, the Third Reich in October annexed an area of 92,500 km² (23.7% of pre-war Poland) with a population of about 10,000,000 people (30% of the pre-war Polish population). The annexed territories roughly resembled the former Prussian partition of Poland, but were 25% larger than the provinces lost by the German Empire in the Treaty of Versailles. The remainder of the Polish territory was either annexed by the Soviet Union (201,000 km² or 51.6% of pre-war Poland as per the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) or made into the German-controlled General Government occupation zone (95,500 km² or 24.5% of pre-war Poland). A tiny portion of pre-war Poland (700 km²) was annexed by Nazi Slovakia.

Since 1935, Nazi Germany was divided into provinces (Gaue) which had replaced the former German states and Prussian provinces. Of the territories annexed, some were attached to already existing Gaue, while from others new Reichsgaue were constituted. The occupied Generalgouvernement remained outside the Third Reich.

The annexation violated of the Hague Convention IV 1907, which rules out how occupied territories are to be treated by the occupant during a war. Nazi Germany's officials discussed the convention and tried to circumvent it by declaring the war against Poland over prior to the annexation, which in their view made the convention non-applicable.

Administration

On 8 and 13 September 1939, the German military districts of "Posen" (Poznan), commanded by general Alfred von Vollard-Bockelberg, and "Westpreußen" (West Prussia), commanded by general Walter Heitz, were established in conquered Greater Poland and Pomerelia, respectively. Based on laws of 21 May 1935 and 1 June 1938, the German military, Wehrmacht, shared its administrative powers with civilian "chief civil administrators" (Chefs der Zivilverwaltung, CdZ). German dictator Adolf Hitler appointed Arthur Greiser to become the CdZ of the Posen military district, and Danzig's Gauleiter Albert Foster to become the CdZ of the West Prussian military district. On 3 October 1939, the military districts "Lodz" and "Krakau" (Cracow) were set up under command of major generals Gerd von Rundstedt and Wilhelm List, and Hitler appointed Hans Frank and Arthur Seyß-Inquart as civil heads, respectively. Frank was at the same time appointed "supreme chief administrator" for all occupied territories.

A decree issued by Adolf Hitler on 8 October 1939 provided for the annexation of former western Polish areas and the former Free City of Danzig, and a separate by-law stipulated the inclusion of the Suwalki county. The first two paragraphs of the decree established "Reichsgau Posen" in Greater Poland with the government regions (Regierungsbezirk) Hohensalza, Posen, and Kalisch, as well as "Reichsgau West Prussia" (Template:Lang-de) in Pomerelia with the government regions Bromberg, Danzig, and Marienwerder. Roughly, these provinces resembled the pre-1920 Prussian provinces Posen and West Prussia, except for the eastern half of the Hohensalza government region and nearly all of the Kalisch government region, which had been part of Congress Poland during the partitions of Poland. The remaining annexed areas were not made separate provinces but included in the existing provinces of East Prussia and Upper Silesia per §4 of Hitler's decree. Arthur Greiser was made Gauleiter of Reichsgau Posen, and Albert Foster of Reichsgau West Prussia.

On 29 January 1940, Reichsgau Posen was renamed "Reichsgau Wartheland" (Warthegau). Reichsgau West Prussia was renamed "Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia".

Administrative changes following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union

After the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, the district of Białystok, which included the Białystok, Bielsk Podlaski, Grajewo, Łomża, Sokółka, Volkovysk, and Grodno Counties, was attached to (not incorporated into) East Prussia. Other Polish territories, first annexed by Soviet Union and then by Germany, was incorporated into Reichskommissariat Ostland (in the north), Reichskommissariat Ukraine (in the south) and the General Government (Distrikt Galizien in the utmost south).

Population

Prior to the Nazi German invasion in September 1939 and the subsequent annexation in October, the territories consisted a total of about ten million people or some 30% of pre-1939 Poland's population. Census data was compiled by the Nazi Germany in Danzig-West Prussia on 3 December, and in Warthegau and Upper Silesia on 17 December. While the majority were ethnic Poles, the exact number of the minorities are uncertain because in the censuses of December 1939, a number of Poles declared German ethnicity, to avoid Nazi German terror and mass murder they witnessed during the invasion of Poland.

Zaglembie says 586,628 people were Jewish. Heinemann cites a contemporary RKF document where the Jewish population is estimated to be about 560,000. Piotr Eberhardt in "Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948" gives a round estimate that 600,000 people were Germans.

Isabel Heinemann in "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas” says the ethnic composition was as follows:

• East Upper Silesia: 2.43 million people, of whom ~1.08 million were ethnic Germans, ~930,000 Poles, and ~90,000 Jews
• Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia: 2.12 million people, of whom ~817,000 were ethnic Germans, ~1.3 million Poles, and ~2,000 Jews
• Warthegau: 4.19 million people, of whom ~309,000 were ethnic Germans, ~3.56 million Poles, and ~323,000 Jews.

Nazi Germanization plans by expulsion, resettlement and genocide

On October 7, 1939 Adolf Hitler appointed Heinrich Himmler as his settlement commissioner, responsible for all resettlement measures in the Altreich and the annexed territories as well as the Nazi-Soviet population exchanges. For his new office, Himmler chose the title Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums ("Reich's commissioner for strengthening Germandom", RKF). The RKF staff (Stabshauptamt RKF) in concert with the 'Main Department of Race and Settlement' (Rasse- und Siedlungs-Hauptamt, RuSHA) of the SS planned and executed the war-time resettlement and extermination process in the annexed territories. In October 1939, Himmler ordered the immediate expulsion of all Jews from the annexed territories, all "Congress Poles" from Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, and all "Reich's enemies" from the Warthegau, South East Prussia and East Upper Silesia. The expellees were to be deported to the Generalgouvernement.

This directive was superceded by another RKF-directive of early 1940, ordering the replacement of 3,4 million Poles with Germans settlers in the long run, and the immediate expulsion of the remaining Jews. This RKF szenario envisioned as a first step the settlement of 100,000 German families within the next three years, in this early stage planners believed the settlers would be relocated from the Altreich. "Racially valueable" Poles were to be exempted from deportion and "racially valueable" ethnic Germans were also to be settled. Himmler said he wanted to "create a blonde province here". Responsible for "racial evaluation" were 'Central Bureau for Immigration' (Einwandererzentralstelle, EWZ) and 'Central Bureau for Resettlement' (Umwandererzentralstelle, UWZ) of the SS' RuSHA.

In practice the war-time population shift in the annexed territories did not take on its planned extend, neither in regard to the number of expelled Poles and the resettled Germans, nor in regard to the origin of the settled Germans which was in the Soviet Union. However, plans for a resettlement of Germans from the Third Reich were upheld in the Generalplan Ost but postponed to after the war. In addition, other Germanic settlers such as Dutch, Danes and Swedes were envisioned to settle. Small Dutch artisan colony was already established in Poznań in 1941.

Expulsion and extermination of Poles and Jews

The Jewish and Polish population since September 1939 was subject to mass murder and expulsions, and engaged in mass flight in face of Nazi German terror.

According to Heinemann, about 780,000 non-Jewish Poles in the annexed territories lost their homes between 1939 and 1944. Of these, at least 250,000 were deported to the Generalgouvernement, 310,000 were displaced or forced into Polenlager camps within the respective Gau, and the others were subject to forced labour either within the annexed territories or in the Altreich. In addition, 110,000 Jews were deported to the Generalgouvernement. Another more than 400,000 Jews were later deported to Auschwitz, Treblinka or Chelmno (Kulmhof) concentration camps, and thousands had died in the ghettos. Of the deported Jews, more than 300,000 were from Warthegau, 2,000 from Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, 85,000 from East Upper Silesia, 30,000 from the Zichenau district and 200,000 from the Bialystok district both in South East Prussia.

Piotr Eberhardt cites numbers provided by Jastrzebski, 1968, who says that according to RKF documents, 365,000 were deported between 1939 and 1944. Jastrzebski further says that adding the numbers retrieved from documents of local authorities yields a higher total of 414,820 deported, and estimates a total of about 450,000 including unplanned and undocumented expulsions. Eberhardt says that on top of these numbers, many had fled, and cites numbers provided by Czeslaw Luczak, 1979, who estimates that between 918,000 and 928,000 were deported or evicted from the annexed territories between 1939 and 1944. A similar estimate (923,000) is also given by the Polish Institute of National Remembrance.

Heinemann and Luszak as cited by Eberhardt detail the expulsions as follows: 81,000 Poles were displaced from their property in East Upper Silesia, 22,000 of whom were deported to the Generalgouvernement. They were replaced with 38,000 ethnic Germans primarily from Bukovina. From the Zichenau and Suwalki areas of South East Prussia, 25,000 to 28,000 Poles were "evacuated", an additional 25,000 to 28,000 from the Bialystock area attached in 1941. In Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, 123,000 to 124,000 were displaced until the end of 1942, 53,000 of whom were deported to the Generalgouvernement, the others were forced into camps where they were "racially evaluated". In the Warthegau, 630,000 were displaced between 1939 and 1944. Additionally, Luszak estimates that between 30,000 and 40,000 were subject to "wild" expulsions primarily in Pomerelia.

Poles about to be deported to the Generalgouvernement were prior to their deportation put in camps where they were subject to "racial evaluation" (Durchschleusung) by the UWZ similar to the Durchschleusung of ethnic Germans. Those deemed "capable of re-Germanization" (wiedereindeutschungsfähig) were not deported to the Generalgouvernement, but instead to the Altreich. A total number of 1.5 million people expelled or deported, including those deported for slave labor in Germany or concentration and extermination camps. Eberhardt says a total of 1.053 million people were deported for forced labour from the annexed territories.

In the long run, the Polish nation was to disappear through extermination and slave labour. The Jewish population was to be exterminated immediately during the Holocaust, only a few survived. Major concentration camps and extermination camps set up within the annexed territories were Auschwitz (consisting of several subcamps), Chelmno (Kulmhof), Potulice (Potulitz), Stutthof, and Soldau.

Repressions against ethnic Poles

All Poles from age of 14 to 65 were subject to forced labour on behalf of Nazi German state. A network of outposts was established that coordinated forced labour together with German police. In so-called łapanki, primarily young pedestrians were caught on the streets and sent to Germany for labour. Polish children were kidnapped for Germanization, forced labour and medical experiments. To reduce the biological growth of the Polish people, a partial ban of marriage was introduced-Polish women were allowed to marry only at the age of 26 and men at the age of 28. A ban to use Polish language was implemented in all institutions and officies in annexed territories. Education standards for Poles were significantly lowered, so that the future Polish population would become a cheap labour force for Germans. All Polish schools and cultural institutions were closed. Teaching of history, literature and geography to Poles was prohibited. The Polish population was banned to perform or create any type of music and to own radio receivers. The Nazis seized tens of thousands of Polish enterprises, from large industrial firms to small shops, without payment to the owners. Signs posted in public places warned: "Entrance is forbidden to Poles, Jews, and dogs." Part of the population was classified as Volksdeutsche, mostly German ethnic minority, either by its own free will or by force which included death threats.

German colonization and settlement

Throughout the war the annexed Polish territories were subject to German colonization. The Nazis' goal was complete "Germanization" to assimilate the territories politically, culturally, socially, and economically into the German Reich. Because of the lack of settlers from the Altreich, the colonists were primarily ethnic Germans from areas further East.

Piotr Eberhardt cites estimates for the ethnic German influx provided by Szobak, Luczak, and a collective report, ranging from 404,612 (Szobak) to 631,500 (Luczak). Anna Bramwell says 591,000 ethnic Germans moved into the annexed territories, and details the areas of colonists' origin as follows: 93,000 were from Bessarabia, 21,000 from Dobruja, 98,000 from Bukovina, 68,000 from Volhynia, 58,000 from Galicia, 130,000 from the Baltic states, 38,000 from eastern Poland, 72,000 from Sudetenland, and 13,000 from Slovenia.

Additionally some 400,000 German officials, technical staff, and clerks were sent to those areas in order to administrate them, according to "Atlas Ziem Polski". Eberhardt estimates that the total influx from the Altreich was about 500,000 people.

Gitta Sereny says 200,000 Germans had settled by 1941. William J. Duiker says that up to two million Germans had been settled in pre-war Poland by 1942. Piotr Eberhardt gives a total of two million Germans present in the area of all pre-war Poland by the end of the war, 1.3 million of whom moved in during the war, adding to a pre-war population of 700,000. According to Eberhardt, 536,951 were settled in Warthegau, 50,204 in Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, 36,870 in East Upper Silesia, and 7,460 in Regierungsbezirk Zichenau.

The increase of German population was most visible in the towns, in Posen (Poznan) the German population increased from ~6,000 in 1939 to 93,589 in 1944, in Litzmannstadt (Lodz) from ~60,000 to 140,721, and in Hohensalza (Inowroclaw) from 956 to 10,713. In Warthegau, where most Germans were settled, the share of the German population increased from 6.6% in 1939 to 21.2% in 1943.

Only those Germans deemed "racially valuable" were allowed to settle. People were "evaluated" and classified in the Durchschleusung process in which they were assigned to the categories RuS I ("most valuable") to IV ("not valuable"). Only RuS I to III were allowed to settle, those who found themselves in RuSIV were either classified as "A"-cases and brought to the Altreich for "non-selfdetermined work and re-education", or classified as "S"-cases who were either sent back to their original Eastern European homelands or "evacuated" to the Generalgouvernement. Initially, people classified as RuS III were to be deported to the Altreich for forced labour, yet since January 1940 were allowed to settle on smaller farms (20 hectar compared to 50 hectar farms for RuS I and II). This change was based on a personal order by Himmler and led to a more restrictive categorization by the classifying officials. About one million ethnic Germans were subject to Durchschleusung until the end of 1944. RuS I and II were assigned to between 60% aand 70% of the Baltic Germans and 44% of the Volhynian Germans, while many ethnic Germans from the Soviet Union were put in the lower categories.

Post-war changes

None of these territorial changes were recognized by the Allies of World War II, thus the annexed territories were returned to re-established Poland after World War II. Germans living east of the Oder-Neisse Line were expelled to post-war Germany. In post-war Poland, captured German Nazi’s and collaborators were put on trial.

See also

• Administrative division of Polish territories during World War II
• Former eastern territories of Germany
• Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
• Territorial changes of Poland
• Treatment of the Polish citizens by the occupiers
• World War II atrocities in Poland
• The Holocaust

Footnotes

1. ^ Maly Rocznik Statystyczny (wrzesien 1939 - czerwiec 1941), Ministerstwo Informacji i Documentacji, London 1941, p.5, as cited in Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.4
2. ^ Nowa Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Warszawa 2004 page 149 volume 6
3. ^ Andreas Toppe, Militär und Kriegsvölkerrecht: Rechtsnorm, Fachdiskurs und Kriegspraxis in Deutschland 1899-1940, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2008, p.399, ISBN 3486582062
4. Hague IV SECTION III MILITARY AUTHORITY OVER THE TERRITORY OF THE HOSTILE STATE (Art. 42. and later)
5. ^ Andreas Toppe, Militär und Kriegsvölkerrecht: Rechtsnorm, Fachdiskurs und Kriegspraxis in Deutschland 1899-1940, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2008, p.409, ISBN 3486582062
6. ^ Andreas Toppe, Militär und Kriegsvölkerrecht: Rechtsnorm, Fachdiskurs und Kriegspraxis in Deutschland 1899-1940, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2008, p.398, ISBN 3486582062
7. Andreas Toppe, Militär und Kriegsvölkerrecht: Rechtsnorm, Fachdiskurs und Kriegspraxis in Deutschland 1899-1940, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2008, p.397, ISBN 3486582062
8. "Erlaß des Führers und Reichskanzlers über die Gliederung und Verwaltung der Ostgebiete"
9. Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.4
10. ^ Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, : 10,568,000 people Cite error: The named reference "Eberhardt" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
11. Ryszard Kaczmarek Górnoślązacy i górnośląscy gauleiterzy Biuletyn IPN NR 6–7 (41–42) 2004 page 46
12. ^ Stutthof museum website
13. Temple University presenting Götz Aly, The Nazi Census, commented by Edwin Black,
14. Madajczyk, Czesław, Polityka III Rzeszy w okupowanej Polsce, Państwowe Wydaw. Naukowe, Warszawa 1970, pp.5-11
15. ^ Zaglembie at jewishgen.org
16. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.193, ISBN 3892446237
17. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.229, ISBN 3892446237 For the data of East Upper Silesia, Heinemann in a footnote refers to the book "Musterstadt" for problems with the data compiled in 1939
18. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.229, ISBN 3892446237
19. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.228, ISBN 3892446237
20. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.225, ISBN 3892446237
21. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.190, ISBN 3892446237
22. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.191, ISBN 3892446237
23. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.192, ISBN 3892446237
24. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.195, ISBN 3892446237
25. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.195, ISBN 3892446237: Himmler: Ich möchte hier eine blonde Provinz schaffen
26. ^ Michael G. Esch in Ulf Brunnbauer, Michael G. Esch, Definitionsmacht, Utopie, Vergeltung: "ethnische Säuberungen" im östlichen Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts, LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2006, p.111, ISBN 3825880338
27. Simone C. De Santiago Ramos, M.S., DEM SCHWERTE MUSS DER PFLUG FOLGEN: ŰBER-PEASANTS AND NATIONAL SOCIALIST SETTLEMENTS IN THE OCCUPIED EASTERN TERRITORIES DURING WORLD WAR TWO, p.57
28. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.230, ISBN 3892446237. Heinemann also refers to the number given by Madajczyk: 987,217 displaced in the annexed territories and the Zamosc region, including Jews.
29. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.231, ISBN 3892446237
30. ^ Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.16
31. Zygmunt Mańkowski; Tadeusz Pieronek; Andrzej Friszke; Thomas Urban (panel discussion), "Polacy wypędzeni", Biuletyn IPN, nr5 (40) May 2004 / Bulletin of the Institute of National Remembrance (Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej), issue: 05 / 2004, pages: 628,
32. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.227, ISBN 3892446237
33. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, pp.252,253, ISBN 3892446237
34. Historia Encyklopedia Szkolna Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne Warszawa 1993 page 357
35. Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.21
36. Wojciech Roszkowski Historia Polski 1914-1998
37. http://www.holocaust-trc.org/poles.htm
38. ^ Anna Bramwell citing the ILO study, Refugees in the age of total war, Routledge, 1988, p.123, ISBN 0044451946
39. Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.24
40. Wysiedlenia, wypędzenia i ucieczki 1939-1959: atlas ziem Polski: Polacy, Żydzi, Niemcy, Ukraińcy.Warszawa Demart 2008
41. ^ Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.22
42. Gitta Sereny, The Healing Wound: Experiences and Reflections, Germany, 1938-2001‎, 2002 Page 38 At the end of 1939 by which time Hitler had conquered Poland in a two-week ...and settled with 2.oo,ooo ethnic Germans, it would by the summer of 1941
43. William J. Duiker, Jackson J. Spielvogel, World History‎, 1997: By 1942, two million ethnic Germans had been settled in Poland. page 794
44. Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.25
45. Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.26 Eberhardt refers to Polska Zachodnia..., 1961, p.294
46. Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939-1948, Warsaw 2006, p.26
47. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, pp.233ff, ISBN 3892446237
48. ^ Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.236, ISBN 3892446237
49. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.244, ISBN 3892446237
50. Isabel Heinemann, "Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut": das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas 2nd edition, Wallstein Verlag, 2003, p.244-246, ISBN 3892446237

External links

• Map of Poland under German and Soviet occupation

• History of Poland (1939–1945)
• Military history of Germany during World War II
• World War II occupied territories
• Germany–Poland relations