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On 31 December 1995 the customs union between Turkey and the European Union came into effect. Goods can travel between the two entities without any customs restrictions. The Customs Union does not cover essential economic areas, such as agriculture, to which bilateral trade concessions apply, services or public procurement. The EU-Turkey Customs Union is one of the steps towards full Turkish membership of the European Union itself.

By the Association Council Decision of 6 March 1995, the Customs Union came into force on 31 December 1995. In 1996 a free trade area was established between Turkey and the European Union for products covered by the European Coal and Steel Community. Decision 1/98 of the Association Council covers trade in agricultural products.

In addition to providing for a common external tariff for the products covered, the Customs Union foresees that Turkey is to align to the acquis communautaire in several essential internal market areas, notably with regard to industrial standards.

Full European Union membership

Turkey has been an associate member of the European Community (EC) since 1964, following the signing in 1963 of the Ankara Agreement (EEC-Turkey Association Agreement (1963)) with the EEC, and it has always been Turkey's desire to become a full member of the European Community. Turkey applied for full membership on 14 April 1987.

The decision to consider Turkey's application was deferred until 1993, because the European Community was in the process of becoming the even (politically and economically) tighter European Union. The fall of the Soviet Union and German reunification delayed the decision on Turkish membership even more. During those years the European Community had also become reluctant to consider Turkey's application, because a majority of the member States of the European Community objected to full Turkish membership for economic, social, and political reasons.

At the Helsinki summit in December 1999 Turkey was given the status of a candidate country. At the end of 2004, the European Commission has issued a report with positive recommendations to the European Council, indicating the degree of compliance by Turkey of the Copenhagen political criteria. On this basis, the European Council has decided to start accession negotiations with Turkey on 3 October 2005.Turkey's poor human rights record has been a huge barrier to accession to the EU. The use of torture and other human rights violations have created great problems for Turkey.The political instability in Turkey with continued attempted coups has shown that Turkey has a long way to go before joining the EU. The persecution of Christian minorities such as the murder of TUrkish Armenian journalist Hrant Dink shines a dark light on Turkey. The growth of Islamofacism in Turkey is very worrisome to Europeans. The cultural incompatibilities between Turkey and the European Judeo-Christian tradition is also a great issue that is very difficult to over come.

Euro-Mediterranean free trade area

Finally, Turkey is also member of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership and as such should conclude free trade agreements with all other Mediterranean partners, with a view to the creation of a Euro-Mediterranean free trade area in 2010

See also

• European Union Customs Union

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