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One Life to Live
File:OLTL2008logo.jpgTitle card (2004―present)
Genre	Soap opera
Created by	Agnes Nixon
Country of origin	United States
No. of episodes	10,720 (as of July 2, 2010)
Production
Executive producer	Frank Valentini
Original release
Network	ABC
Release	July 15, 1968 (1968-07-15) – present

One Life to Live (OLTL) is an American soap opera which has been broadcast on the ABC television network since July 15, 1968. Created by Agnes Nixon, the series was the first daytime drama to primarily feature racially and socioeconomically diverse characters and consistently emphasize social issues.

Actress Erika Slezak has portrayed central heroine Victoria "Viki" Lord on One Life to Live since March 1971, and has won a record six Daytime Emmy Awards for the role. The series itself won an Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series in 2002. Daily repeat broadcasts of the series appear weeknights on SOAPnet, with a day-behind repeat airing the following weekday morning and a rebroadcast of all the previous week's episodes on Saturday nights.

Creation

Impressed with the ratings success of NBC's Another World, ABC sought out Another World writer Nixon to create a serial for them. Though Nixon's concept for the new series was "built along the classic soap formula of a rich family and a poor family," she was "tired of the restraints imposed by the WASPy, noncontroversial nature of daytime drama." One Life to Live would emphasize "the ethnic and socioeconomic diversity" of the characters in its fictional setting. Nixon would go on to create All My Children in 1970 and Loving in 1983.

The initial main titles of the series featured the image of a roaring fireplace, a visual representation of the originally proposed title — Between Heaven and Hell — ultimately changed to One Life to Live to avoid controversy. OLTL's first sponsors were the Colgate-Palmolive company, who also sponsored The Doctors. ABC bought the show from Nixon in December 1974 when they purchased all stock to her Creative Horizons Inc. The show was originally a half-hour serial until it was expanded to 45 minutes on July 23, 1976, and to one hour on January 16, 1978.

Series history

One Life to Live is set in the fictional city of Llanview, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The show originally concentrated on the wealthy Lord family, the less wealthy Siegels (the first attempt to showcase a Jewish family on daytime television), the middle-class Rileys and Woleks, and the African-American Grays. One Life to Live has been called "the most peculiarly American of soap operas: the first serial to present a vast array of ethnic types, broad comic situations, a constant emphasis on social issues, and strong male characters."

Since its inception, One Life to Live has centered on the character of Victoria "Viki" Lord (originated by Gillian Spencer), who has been portrayed by six-time Emmy winner Erika Slezak since March 1971. Long-suffering heroine Viki has weathered love and loss, widowhood, rape, divorce, stroke and breast cancer, and has been memorably plagued by dissociative identity disorder (or DID, once known as multiple personality disorder) on and off for decades. Viki has also had heart problems, leading up to having the heart of her dying husband transplanted into her, to save her life.

The 1993 story of Marty Saybrooke's gang rape has been called "one of the show's most remembered and impactful."

One Life to Live celebrated its 40th anniversary in July 2008 with the return of several former cast members and by revisiting notable plotlines from its past. "Deceased" characters and even creator Agnes Nixon appeared in a storyline in which Slezak's Viki dies and visits Heaven, an homage to Viki's 1987 heavenly trip. Daytime Emmy-nominee Andrea Evans and others returned for a tribute to Tina Lord's famous 1987 plunge over the Iguazu Falls and the 1990 royal wedding in fictional Mendorra. And like the 1988 Old West storyline in which the character Clint Buchanan steps back 100 years in the past, on July 21, 2008, Robert S. Woods began an extended storyline in which his character Bo Buchanan finds himself transplanted back into his own past—specifically 1968, the year of the series' inception—witnessing his family's back-story unfold. Soap Opera Digest subsequently named One Life to Live their "Best Show" of 2008, calling it "the year's most compelling" series and citing a myriad of storylines the magazine found "heartbreaking", "stunning", and "gripping", as well as complimenting its risk-taking and "diverse and talented" cast.

On August 4, 2009 it was announced that One Life to Live, which tapes in New York City, would move from ABC Studio 17 at 56 West 66th Street to Studio 23 at 320 West 66th Street Manhattan in early 2010. This studio was made available by the move of sister soap opera All My Children to a production facility in Los Angeles, where that series began taping on January 4, 2010. The new studio is 30% larger than One Life to Live's previous one, and both One Life to Live and All My Children were to be taped and broadcast in high-definition (HD) after their moves. However on October 8, 2009, ABC announced that it had postponed the transition to HD for One Live to Live citing the economic climate at the time though an ABC spokesperson did state that they "...will re-examine it next year"; as a result, OLTL is the last remaining ABC Daytime series continuing to broadcast in 480i standard definition. On December 8, 2009, CBS announced that they were cancelling As the World Turns and its final episode will air on September 17, 2010; as such, One Life to Live will become the last remaining American daytime soap opera to be produced in the New York City area (The Young and the Restless, Days of Our Lives, The Bold and the Beautiful, General Hospital and since December 2009, All My Children all tape in the Los Angeles area).

Cast and characters

Controversy

In 2002, the popularity of antihero Todd Manning (Roger Howarth) prompted ABC to market a rag doll of the character, complete with his signature scar. First offered for sale on April 29, 2002, the doll was pulled on May 7, 2002 after a backlash begun when The Jack Myers Report "harshly criticized the network's judgment" on creating and releasing a doll based on Manning, a character who had notably been convicted of rape in 1993. The New York Times later quoted then-ABC President Angela Shapiro admitting, "I was insensitive and take total responsibility for it. I should have been sensitive to the history of the character and I wasn't."

Shortly after receiving a March 2005 GLAAD Media Award for its coverage of LGBT issues, One Life to Live was met with criticism when married district attorney Daniel Colson (Mark Dobies) was revealed to have murdered two people to cover up the fact that he is secretly gay. GLAAD itself criticized the storyline "for reinforcing the idea that being gay is something to be ashamed of," while TV Guide noted "It's hard to disagree with those who say that's a lousy representation of gay folks." Executive Producer Frank Valentini defended the story, saying "This is a story about the harsher side of intolerance and about one man not being true to himself. There are going to be meaningful, frank discussions that come out of this." Then-head writer Dena Higley explained, "The number one rule of soap opera is never cut drama. Daniel being gay and keeping that a secret is a dramatic story."

In June 2009, actress Patricia Mauceri (a performer on the series since 1995) was reportedly replaced in her role as Latin matriarch Carlotta Vega after voicing personal religious objections to a planned storyline in which Carlotta would be supportive of a gay relationship.

Historical storylines

• Storylines: 1968–1979
• Storylines: 1980–1989
• Storylines: 1990–1999
• Storylines: 2000–2010

Crossovers

Since the show's inception, the plotlines of One Life to Live have been established as existing in the same fictional universe as other ABC-owned daytime series, in particular Agnes Nixon's All My Children, which premiered in 1970. As noted from time to time in both series, fictional Pine Valley—the setting of All My Children—is located in Pennsylvania near One Life to Live's Llanview. Over the years, many characters have crossed over from one series to another in both short appearances and extended runs. As early as 1968, General Hospital's Dr. Steve Hardy appeared in Llanview to consult on Meredith Lord Wolek's blood disease as a means to lead General Hospital viewers to the new series; similarly, One Life to Live's Dr. Larry Wolek visited All My Children shortly after its premiere in 1970.

In 1999, Daytime Emmy Award-winner Linda Dano returned to One Life to Live as Gretel "Rae" Cummings, a character she had previously played on the series from 1978 to 1980. In a 2000 move of network synergy designed to "entice viewers to tune into soap operas that they might not have usually watched," then-President of ABC Daytime Angela Shapiro orchestrated Dano's concurrent appearance as Rae on the three other ABC soap operas at the time — All My Children, General Hospital, and Port Charles — in an extended crossover storyline which was the first time a daytime character had ever appeared on four series. Rae's search for the child she had given up for adoption takes her to All My Children, where she discovers in 2000 that her own birth mother is Pine Valley's Myrtle Fargate. Following clues to Port Charles and General Hospital, Rae finally finds her daughter back in Llanview on One Life to Live: Skye Chandler, herself a former All My Children character who had relocated to One Life to Live in 1999. Skye's adopted All My Children father Adam Chandler appears on One Life to Live in 2001, and Rae initially identifies Skye's biological father as Alan Quartermaine of General Hospital. Both women subsequently appear on that series, with Skye moving to General Hospital full-time in 2001 and Rae returning to One Life to Live until 2004, making some appearances on General Hospital later in 2002 and 2003.

A December 30, 2003 visit by One Life to Live's Paul Cramer to his estranged secret wife Babe Carey on All My Children ultimately leads to an extensive 2004 "baby switch" storyline which features crossovers of over 20 characters between the two series. With his sister Kelly desperate for a child to save her marriage after miscarrying her own, Paul finds himself delivering the babies of both Babe and her friend Bianca Montgomery during a rainstorm and subsequent flood in nearby Pine Valley on March 24, 2004. Paul stages a crash with his MEDEVAC helicopter; he takes Babe's son for Kelly, gives Bianca's daughter to Babe, and tells Bianca that her baby had died in the accident. Unaware of the child's origins, Kelly brings Babe's infant back to Llanview, passing him off as her child with her husband Kevin Buchanan. Months later, Babe discovers that her daughter is really the grieving Bianca's, but remains silent and allows Paul to manipulate her. Meanwhile, a devastated Kelly discovers that Paul had stolen her son from his mother and, desperate for cash, he blackmails Kelly by threatening to reveal the secret to Kevin. Bianca's daughter is returned to her for Christmas 2004, and once Kevin learns the truth, he and Kelly return Babe's son as well in 2005.

Awards

One Life to Live and many of its actors and crew have been nominated for dozens of awards, winning on many occasions. Erika Slezak has received six Daytime Emmy Awards for her acting, a feat tied only by Anthony Geary and Justin Deas.

In 2005 the series was awarded a GLAAD Media Award for its coverage of LGBT issues in the 2004 coming out storyline of gay character Mark Solomon (Matt Cavenaugh). One Life to Live was nominated again in 2010 for a well-publicized storyline in which police officer Oliver Fish comes out and reunites with his college boyfriend.

Daytime Emmy Award wins

Wins in other categories

• 2009 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama Series
• 2009 Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Drama Series
• 2009 Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team
• 2009 Outstanding Original Song
• 2008 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama Series
• 2008 Outstanding Achievement in Lighting Direction for a Drama Series
• 2008 Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team
• 2008 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
• 2008 Outstanding Original Song (two awards for two One Life to Live songs, which tied)
• 2007 Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction/Set Decoration/Scenic Design for a Drama Series
• 2007 Outstanding Achievement in Multiple Camera Editing for a Drama Series
• 2005 Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series (tied with All My Children)
• 2005 Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction/Electronic Camera/Video Control for a Drama Series
• 2003 Outstanding Achievement in Live & Direct to Tape Sound Mixing for a Drama Series
• 2001 Outstanding Achievement in Live & Direct to Tape Sound Mixing for a Drama Series
• 2001 Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction/Electronic Camera/Video Control for a Drama Series
• 2000 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama Series
• 2000 Outstanding Achievement in Live & Direct to Tape Sound Mixing for a Drama Series
• 2000 Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
• 2000 Outstanding Original Song
• 1994 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
• 1987 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
• 1984 Outstanding Achievement in Technical Excellence for a Daytime Drama Series
• 1984 Outstanding Direction for a Daytime Drama Series
• 1983 Outstanding Direction for a Daytime Drama Series
• 1982 Outstanding Achievement in Any Area of Creative Technical Crafts: Lighting Direction (Everett Melosh)
• 1976 Outstanding Individual Director for a Daytime Drama Series (David Pressman)
• 1974 Outstanding Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork

Scheduling/ratings history

For historical ratings information, see List of US daytime soap opera ratings

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ABC cemented its reputation as a youth-oriented network in daytime with the addition of OLTL to its schedule, with much of the rest of its lineup consisting of fashionable soaps like Dark Shadows, sitcom reruns, and game shows packaged by Chuck Barris. The network placed the new serial at 3:30 p.m./2:30 Central, against CBS' established hit Edge of Night and the popular NBC game You Don't Say. OLTL replaced the short-lived Baby Game, in a three-way shuffle with Dark Shadows and Dating Game.

Despite the tough competition, the intense tone of the plot and strong characters allowed the show to get a leg up on YDS, wearing that game down to the point of its cancellation in September 1969; NBC replaced the Tom Kennedy-hosted game in that timeslot with three unsuccessful serials: Bright Promise (1969–1972), Return to Peyton Place (1972–1974), and How to Survive a Marriage (1974–1975).

Things greatly improved for OLTL in 1972, when CBS relocated Edge in response to packager Procter and Gamble's demands. The four-year-old show managed to top the ratings for the first time over CBS' declining Secret Storm, and later, the game Hollywood's Talking, which ran only 13 weeks. However, trouble loomed on the horizon as OLTL anticipated its fifth birthday, with the coming of CBS' revival of Goodson-Todman's Match Game. Some months after its debut in July 1973, that show became the daytime phenomenon of the mid-1970s, becoming the top-rated of all daytime shows by Thanksgiving. ABC stood by OLTL, however, keeping it put at 3:30/2:30.

By 1975, though, NBC became a serious player in that timeslot for the first time in over five years when it expanded its strong soap Another World to a full hour, its second half occupying the 3:30/2:30 period. This would cause OLTL to lose a substantial audience share, but its lead-in, General Hospital, experienced even worse losses. ABC decided to take an unusual approach in addressing the competition: it expanded both OLTL and GH to 45 minutes, with each composing a half of a 90-minute block between 2:30/1:30 and 4/3. Beginning on July 26, 1976, OLTL assumed the first position, at 2:30/1:30. ABC bet its hopes on viewers staying tuned past the half hour, making them unlikely to switch channels to AW or All in the Family reruns on CBS (for GH fans, turning to Match Game).

This approach showed some promise, until November 7, 1977, when CBS expanded Guiding Light to a full hour at 2:30/1:30. As OLTL struggled, its neighbor, GH, was in danger of cancellation after a 15-year run. So, in a "make it or break it" ultimatum to GH, ABC finally gave an hour to both shows, on January 16, 1978, with OLTL occupying the 2-3/1-2 p.m. slot; The $20,000 Pyramid, which enjoyed three solid years of success at 2/1, got dispatched to Noon/11 a.m. for the rest of its ABC run, to make room for OLTL.

This proved to be decisive for the long-term survival of both shows, as GH rose rapidly to the top spot in the Nielsens through its brash, youthful storylines (culminating in the hugely popular "Luke and Laura" storyline by 1979-1980). As for OLTL, from its tenth birthday onward, it took advantage of the decline in quality and popularity of its competitors, all Procter and Gamble productions. Search for Tomorrow, for instance, spent its last several months on CBS against the last half of OLTL. Its replacement, Capitol, which ran from 1982 to 1987, did little better, and after its cancellation, CBS aligned As the World Turns against OLTL and AW, a configuration that stayed in place until AW's cancellation in 1999. During the 2000s thus far, OLTL has run about even with ATWT, with NBC's AW replacement Passions trailing significantly (Passions was canceled by NBC in September 2007 and moved to the DirecTV channel The 101; the network no longer programs in that time slot).

One Life to Live enjoyed fair-to-middling ratings throughout most of its first decade, but rose rapidly as it entered its second, along with the rest of ABC's daytime lineup. The 1980s saw the show reach the height of its popularity, occupying a top-four place for almost all of the decade. Since 1991, it returned to the middle of the pack, but its numbers declined, in common with all other soaps. By decade's end, the show rested near the bottom of the ratings pack, and continues to hover around the lower reaches of the weekly ratings today, at least in terms of total number of viewers; however, the show does tend to rank in the mid-range for the target demographic of women aged 18-49, often higher than sister show All My Children.

Executive producers and head writers

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Executive producers

Head writers

International broadcasting

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One Life to Live currently airs on SunTv at 2:00 PM ET in Canada. Also airs on Joytv in Vancouver and Winnipeg Market at 1PM. The series was previously broadcast on A and the Citytv stations in Calgary (CKAL-TV), Edmonton (CKEM-TV), and Winnipeg (CHMI-TV). One Life to Live aired in the early 1990s on the CBC Television network following All My Children, but it was discontinued in 1997.

In Italy One Life to Live, under the title Una vita da vivere, aired in the afternoon from November 1982 to September 1985 on Canale 5 (1978-1981 US episodes). The series returned with new episodes in July 1988, this time on Rete 4 in the afternoon. In September 1989 it was moved to 8.30 am, and stopped airing in June 1991 (1984 UU episodes). Reruns aired from 1987 to 1990 on Italia 7 and briefly in 1994 on Tivù Italia.

130 episodes of One Life to Live from 1980-1981 were broadcast under the title Solo se vive una vez on Spain's TVE1 at 11.30 am starting on August 11, 1986.

In Israel One Life to Live debuted in 1994 on Channel 3 weekdays at 18:00 with the Marty Saybrooke gang rape storyline (US: 1993). It went off the air in 1998. In Summer 1999 the series was relaunched in prime time on the telenovela channel Viva (21:00), starting where the previous run of episodes had left off (US 1997 episodes). In 2001 One Life to Live was relocated again, this time to Yes Channel 3 satellite. It went off the air in May 2002 (2001 US episodes). In Israel, the show was named "לחיות את החיים" (Likhiot Et Hakhayim) - meaning "Living The Life".

See also

• List of longest-serving soap opera actors
• List of One Life to Live characters

References

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External links

• Official website
• One Life to Live: SOAPnet.com
• One Life to Live: Soaps.com
• One Life to Live at IMDb
• Llanview Labyrinth

• 1968 television series debuts
• 1960s American television series
• 1970s American television series
• 1980s American television series
• 1990s American television series
• 2000s American television series
• 2010s American television series
• American Broadcasting Company network shows
• American television soap operas
• One Life to Live
• Television series by Buena Vista Television
• Television shows set in Pennsylvania