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He was the son of the farmer Heinrich Hörlein and his wife, Philippina (née Dürk). After attending school in Alzey and Darmstadt, he began studying chemistry at the university in Darmstadt in 1900 and continued his studies in 1902 in Jena, where he received his doctoral degree in 1903. After that, he worked as an assistant to his dissertation advisor, Ludwig Knorr, until joining Bayer’s research laboratory at Elberfeld in 1909. There he was promoted rapidly: in 1911, he was entrusted with the supervision of the pharmaceutical laboratory, where he discovered the soporific Luminal in 1912. He was made an authorized signatory in 1914, a deputy director in 1919, and an alternate member of Bayer’s managing board in 1921. After the formation of the conglomerate I.G. Farben, he was made an alternate member of the managing board here as well in 1926, as head of pharmaceutical research in Elberfeld. The same year, the University of Munich awarded him an honorary medical degree and the title Dr. med. h.c.
Nurnberg Trial