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Exodus of Iran's Jews refers to the mass emigration of Persian Jews from Iran, following the Islamic Revolution of 1979. The exodus of Iran's Jews followed the Jewish exodus from Arab countries earlier in the 20th century. The mass-migration of Persian Jews after Iranian Revolution is mostly attributed to minority fear of religious intolerance by the new regime and economic hardships and insecurity after deposition of the Shah regime and consequent violence. Despite the mass exodus of Iranian Jews, there are still around 9,000 Jews remaining in Iran.
History
The tensions between the loyalists of the Shah and Islamists through the 1970s have initiated the mass-migration. Instability caused thousands of Persian Jews to leave Iran prior to revolution - some seeking better economic opportunities or stability, while others afraid of the potential Islamic takeover. In 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini met with the Jewish community upon his return from exile in Paris and issued a fatwa decreeing that the Jews were to be protected. Nevertheless, much of the community chose to emigrate.
At the time of the 1979 Islamic Revolution, 80,000 Jews were living in Iran. From then on, Jewish emigration from Iran dramatically increased, as about 20,000 Jews left within several months of the revolution alone. The vast majority of Iran's Jewish population, some 60,000 Jews, have emigrated since the Revolution, of whom 35,000 went to the United States, 20,000 to Israel, and 5,000 to Europe (mainly to the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland).
Some sources put the Iranian Jewish population in the mid and late 1980s as between 50,000–60,000. An estimate based on the 1986 census put the figure considerably higher for the same time, around 55,000. In the 1990s there has been more uniformity in the figures, with most sources since then estimating roughly 25,000 Jews remaining in Iran.
The United States State Department estimated the number of Jews in Iran at 20,000–25,000 as of 2009. The 2012 census did put the figure of remaining Jewish community in Iran at about 9,000.
See also
External links
References
- Feher, S. From the rivers of Babylon to the Valleys of Los Angeles: The Exodus and Adaptation of Iran`s Jews. Gatherings and Diaspora: Religious communities and the New Immigration. Editors: Warner, R.S. and Wittner, G.J. Temple University Press (Philadelphia) 1998. Pp.412-35.
- Littman (1979), p. 5.
- Iran Virtual Jewish Tour
- Sanasarian (2000), p. 48
- Iran – Geography. Mongabay.com. Retrieved on 2011-05-09.
- Harrison, Frances (September 22, 2006). "Iran's proud but discreet Jews". BBC News. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
- "Iran Jewish leader calls recent mass aliyah 'misinformation' bid".
- "Iran Jewish MP criticizes 'anti-human' Israel acts". Ynet. 5.7.2008.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Harrison, Frances (2006-09-22). "Iran's proud but discreet Jews". BBC.
- Jews in Iran Describe a Life of Freedom Despite Anti-Israel Actions by Tehran|csmonitor.com Archived 2005-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
- Iran. State.gov. Retrieved on 2011-05-09.
- "AFP: Iran young, urbanised and educated: census". Google.com. 2012-07-29. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
