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Monad comes from the Greek word μονάς (from the word μόνος, which means "one", "single", "unique") and may refer to:

• Monad, a symbol of God or totality is known in several philosophical circles
  • Monism, the metaphysical and theological view that all is of one essence
  • Pythagoras, 582 BC–507 BC the father of numbers
  • Plato, c. 427–c. 347 BC monad is the center of Parmenides, Timaeus tetralogies.
  • Aristotle, 384 BC-322 BC as the arche in his work Metaphysics.
  • Parmenides, early 5th century BC pagan philosopher of monism and founder of School of Elea.
  • Xenophanes, 570–480 BC Pagan philosopher was seen as the first monotheist.
  • Plotinus, ca. 205AD–270AD Pagan philosopher of Neoplatonism.
  • Epicurus, 341 BC-270 BC Pagan philosopher's theory of atoms as the monad.
  • Monad (Gnosticism), in Gnosticism.
  • Hermetica, The Cup or Monad
  • Gottfried Leibniz views monads in his Monadology as atomistic mental objects which experience the world from a particular point of view
  • Immanuel Kant expressed in the dicadomy of noumena and phenomena (see Numinous) and the a posteriori, a priori and his book Physical Monadology (1756).
  • Monad (Chinese symbol), duality in nature the monad expressed as Taiji or absolute.

Monad may also be:

• All numbers infinitesimally close to a given number in non-standard analysis
• Monad (category theory), a type of functor
• Monads in functional programming are type constructors that are used in functional programming languages to capture various notions of sequential computation

• Monad (Technocracy), the symbol for Technocracy Incorporated
• Monad was the codename for Windows PowerShell, a command line interface product from Microsoft

See also

• Monadology
• Monism

• Disambiguation pages