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A South American cyclone is a tropical cyclone that affects the continent of South America. The continent is rarely affected by tropical cyclones, though most storms to hit the area formed in the North Atlantic Ocean. Typically, strong upper level winds and its proximity to the equator prevents North Atlantic Ocean impacts. No tropical cyclone has ever effected the Pacific side of South America, while conditions are typically too hostile for many storms to hit the area from the South Atlantic Ocean. Based on climatology, northern Venezuela and Columbia have a 1 to 5% chance of a hurricane strike in any given year, while all locations south of 10º N have less than a 1% chance of a direct hit.

List of tropical cyclones

Pre-1900

• November 4-6, 1588- Cartagena de Indias in Colombia is affected by a hurricane.
• September, 1672- A hurricane affects Caracas, Venezuela.
• October 22, 1683- The island of Curacao in Venezuela is impacted by a hurricane.
• September, 1773- A hurricane moves across Venezuela and later Colombia.
• December 13-22, 1822- A hurricane traverses the southeastern Caribbean Sea and makes landfall on Venezuela.
• October 13, 1847- Venezuela is affected by a hurricane.
• September 23, 1877- A 105 mph Category 2 hurricane makes landfall on northern Venezuela, causing winds of up to 80 mph in Curacao.
• September 17, 1886- A Category 2 hurricane parellels the north coast of Venezuela, causing winds of up to 40 mph in Curacao.
• December 10, 1887- A tropical storm passes just north of the Guajira Department of Colombia.
• October 8, 1892- A Category 2 hurricane hits Northern Venezuela and Colombia, causing rough seas in Curacao.

1900s

• September 5, 1911- Curaçao experiences a westward moving tropical storm which passes near the northern coasts of Venezuela and Colombia.
• November 2-5, 1932- A Category 2 hurricane parallels the north coast of Venezuela and Colombia 75 miles offshore, causing some damage. Later, it passes to the northeast of Providencia Island, destroying 36 houses and ruining crops.
• June 27, 1933- A minimal hurricane moves through northeastern Venezuela. The hurricane destroys several houses, businesses, and fishing boats. Powerful winds cut telephonic and telegraphic communications for several days. The hurricane killed several people, and caused over $200,000 in damage (1933 USD, $2.7 million 2005 USD).
• October 8, 1954- Hurricane Hazel paralells the north coasts of Venezuela and Colombia around 100 miles offshore as a Category 3 hurricane, though effects, if any, are unknown.
• September 25, 1955- Hurricane Janet paralells the north coasts of Venezuela and Colombia around 100 miles offshore as a Category 4 hurricane, though effects, if any, are unknown.
• July 20, 1961- Hurricane Anna passes 75 miles north of the coast of Venezuela, though effects, if any, are unknown.
• October 1, 1963- Hurricane Flora strikes Tobago and remains just offshore of Venezuela as it moves through the Caribbean Sea as a Category 3 hurricane. Damage in Venezuela, if any, is unknown.
• September 7, 1971- A tropical depression intensifies into Tropical Storm Edith near the north coast of Venezuela. Effects are unknown.
• September 16, 1971- A tropical depression that later becomes Hurricane Irene crosses the Venezuelan island of Curaçao. Effects are unknown.
• August 14, 1974- Tropical Storm Alma makes landfall on northeastern Venezuela and later dissipates over the mountainous country. Intense rain bands cause a passenger plane to crash on Isla de Margarita, resulting in 47 indirect deaths. Damage is unknown.
• August 12, 1978- Tropical Depression Cora dissipates near the island of Curaçao, causing no known impact.
• September 13, 1978- A tropical depression that later becomes Hurricane Greta forms near the northeastern coast of Venezuela, causing no known damage.
• September 10-12, 1988- Outflow bands from Hurricane Gilbert produce flash flooding in northern Venezuela. The flooding killed five people.
• October 16-18, 1988- Tropical Storm Joan strikes northern Venezuela and Colombia. The storm produces flash flooding which kills 11 in Venezuela. In Colombia, rainfall from Joan kills 25, and leaves 27,000 homeless.
• August 14, 1990- Minimal Tropical Storm Fran dissipates over northeastern Venezuela, with no known impact.
• August 7-9, 1993- Tropical Storm Bret moves across northern Venezuela and Colombia. In Venezuela, the storm drops at least 13.35 inches in Guanare. The rainfall causes mudslides, particuarly near the city of Caracas, that cover many low-income housing units. Of the 173 deaths caused by Bret in Venezuela, most occur in the low-income areas near Caracas. Lack of preparation, including weather forecasters prematurely stating the worst of the storm is over, is part of the problem. In all, 10,000 were left homeless, and damaged totaled to $25 million (1993 USD). In Colombia, Bret causes one death and one injury.

References

1. "Ask Tom Why". WGN9 Chicago. 2004. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
2. Pielke, Rubiera, Landsea, Fernández, and Klein (2003). "Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America & The Caribbean" (PDF). National Hazards Review. Retrieved 2006-07-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ^ Ricardo Garcia-Herrera, Luis Gimeno, Pedro Ribera and Emiliano Hernandez. "New records of Atlantic hurricanes from Spanish documentary sources". Retrieved 2006-07-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ^ Michael Chenoweth (2006). "A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700-1855" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-20.
5. NOAA (2005). "1877 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
6. NOAA (2005). "1886 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
7. NOAA (2005). "1887 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
8. NOAA (2005). "1892 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
9. National Weather Service (1892). "1892 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
10. NOAA (2005). "1911 Atlantic hurricane season". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
11. National Weather Service (1932). "1932 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
12. National Weather Service (1933). "1933 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
13. National Weather Service (1954). "1954 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
14. National Weather Service (1955). "1955 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
15. National Weather Service (1961). "1961 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
16. National Weather Service (1963). "1963 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
17. ^ National Weather Service (1971). "1971 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
18. National Weather Service (1974). "1974 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
19. ^ National Weather Service (1978). "1978 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
20. National Weather Service (1988). "1988 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
21. Dr. Harold P. Gerrish (1988). "Hurricane Joan Tropical Cyclone Report Page 3". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
22. National Hurricane Center (1990). http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1990-prelim/fran/prelim01.gif. Retrieved 2006-07-21. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
23. ^ National Weather Service (1993). "1993 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-21.
24. John Wade (1993). "Catastrophe in Caracas". The Herald. Retrieved 2006-07-21.