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Daniel Amen
BornDaniel Gregory Amen
1954 (age 70–71)
Encino, Los Angeles
NationalityAmerican
Alma materVanguard University of Southern California
Oral Roberts University School of Medicine (M.D., 1982), Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Tripler Army Medical Center.
Occupation(s)Psychiatrist, psychiatric researcher, medical researcher, author, lecturer, professor
Known forAmen's Classification
Websiteamenclinics.com

Daniel Gregory Amen (born 1954) is a double board-certified psychiatrist, neuroscientist, multiple NY Times bestselling author, and Founder of Amen Clinics, established in 1990. Amen Clinics has the world’s largest database of functional brain scans relating to behavior, totaling more than 115,000 scans on patients from 111 countries.

Dr. Amen and the Amen Clinics research team, in collaboration with researchers from UCLA, Thomas Jefferson University, and University of British Columbia published the world’s largest brain imaging study, showing brain SPECT imaging can significantly distinguish posttraumatic stress disorder from traumatic brain injury. Discover Magazine named this research as 19th of the Top 100 Stories in Science for 2015. Dr. Amen is also the lead researcher on the world’s largest brain imaging and rehabilitation study on professional football players.

Dr. Amen has hosted 10 public television shows about the brain, which have been aired more than 80,000 times across North America. He is the author of more than 30 books, including Change Your Brain, Change Your Life, Magnificent Mind At Any Age, and Healing ADD.

Amen Clinics offer medical services to people who have complex mood and anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), cognitive and memory problems, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other brain-based disorders. Prior to being evaluated and treated at Amen Clinics, their patients reportedly have had an average of 3.3 providers, 4 to 6 medications and 4.2 diagnoses, yet symptoms persist. Most patients seen at Amen Clinics are considered complex psychiatric cases.

The full evaluations at Amen Clinics include obtaining a patient’s medical and psychiatric history, neuropsychological testing and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as an adjunct diagnostic tool to identify abnormal blood flow patterns in the brain. Amen has developed a classification system of subtyping ADHD, anxiety and depression, and addictive behavior styles, which purportedly leads to more effective treatment plans.

Amen's use of SPECT scans to aid in psychiatric and neurological clinical diagnosis has been widely criticized and his opponents say it is based on unproven claims.

However, scientists from numerous academic and research institutions have, in collaboration with Dr. Amen, published more than 70 research studies on a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders using brain SPECT as a measurement. Brain SPECT is widely used in Europe, Asia and elsewhere in the world, but remains on the periphery of the medical establishment in the U.S.A. It is currently estimated there are 2,900 peer-reviewed published studies on the use of brain SPECT for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Early life and education

Amen was born in Encino, California, in 1954 to Lebanese immigrant parents.

He received his undergraduate biology degree from Southern California College in 1978 and his doctorate from Oral Roberts University School of Medicine in 1982. Amen did his general psychiatric training at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C., and his child and adolescent psychiatry training at Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu. Amen fulfilled 200 hours of training to obtain his radioactive materials license from the Institute of Nuclear Medicine Education. He then carried out the required 1,000 hours of clinical supervision in reading scans. Amen is double board certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in General Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Business activities

Amen is the founder of the six Amen Clinics. Located in Costa Mesa and San Francisco, CA, Bellevue, WA, Reston, VA, Atlanta, GA and New York, NY.

SPECT scanning

Amen Clinics use single-photon emission computed tomography, or SPECT, scans of brain activity in an attempt to compare the activity of a person's brain to a known healthy model. Amen Clinics prescribes both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical courses of treatment, depending on the case. At times, they also perform pre- and post-treatment SPECT scans, which claim to assess how well treatment is working. John Seibyl of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has stated that there is no debate that SPECT is not valuable for diagnosing psychological disorders. A 2012 review by the American Psychiatric Association found that neuroimaging studies "have yet to impact significantly the diagnosis or treatment of individual patients." The review also states that neuroimaging studies "do not provide sufficient specificity and sensitivity to accurately classify individual cases with respect to the presence of a psychiatric illness." The American Psychiatric Association has concluded that, "the available evidence does not support the use brain imaging for clinical diagnosis or treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents." According to cognitive neuroscience researcher Martha Farah and psychologist S. J. Gillihan, "The lack of empirical validation has led to widespread condemnation of diagnostic SPECT as premature and unproven."

Dr. Amen challenges his critics with peer-reviewed published scientific data demonstrating the Amen Clinics method of evaluation (that includes brain SPECT imaging), diagnosis and treatment has the best outcomes in psychiatry, with an average of 77% of the study subjects (n=500) reporting “significant clinical improvement after 6 months. Dr. Amen further challenges the mainstream psychiatric community with criticism about their resistance to the use of functional imaging for assessing the biological processes behind symptoms and pathology in complex patient who are not improving with treatment, as well as the medical community’s steadfast adherence to the limitations of symptom clusters of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, V (DSM5), and overuse of pharmaceuticals. He often quotes Thomas Insel, former Director of the National Institute of Mental Health, “The unfortunate reality is that current medications help too few people to get better and very few people to get well.”

Ethics

In spite of the extensive research published in peer-reviewed scientific journals on the use of brain SPECT in psychiatry, questions have been raised by some regarding the ethics of selling SPECT scans on the basis of “unproven claims”: Neuroscience professor Martha Farah calls such use "profitable but unproven" and says "Tens of thousands of individuals, many of them children, have been exposed to the radiation of two SPECT scans and paid thousands of dollars out of pocket (because insurers will not pay) against the advice of many experts". Professor of psychology Irving Kirsch has said of Amen's theory: "Before you start promulgating this and marketing it and profiting from it, you should ethically be bound to demonstrate it scientifically in a peer-reviewed, respected journal" as otherwise "you're just going down the path of being a snake oil salesman". In a 2011 paper the neuroscientist Anjan Chatterjee discussed example cases that were found on the Amen Clinic's website including a couple with marital difficulties and a child with impulsive aggression. The paper noted that the examples "violate the standard of care" because a normal clinical diagnosis would have been sufficient and that there "was no reason to obtain functional neuroimaging for diagnostic purposes in these cases." Most patients do not "realize" that the SPECT scans rely on unproven claims. However, a 2013 published study found that consumers pursued neuroimaging because it gave them a sense of hope, added an object element to the diagnostic process, and in general had a distrust of psychiatry. The study also found that physicians who used neuroimaging did so because of the inherent limitations of the DSM.

A full evaluation at one of Amen's clinics costs about $3,500. Amen's claims for the use of SPECT are "no more than myth and poppycock, buffaloing an unsuspecting public," according to officials at major psychiatric and neuroscience associations and research centers.

Work for athletes

Amen Clinics have provided evaluations that include brain scans for current and former National Football League players. Amen made the initial diagnosis of brain damage in NFL kicker Tom Dempsey. During medical examinations and scans, Amen found three areas of very low function in Dempsey's brain, along with other damage. He has also provided diagnosis and therapy for hockey player Paul Kariya, related to his concussion issues; Amen advised Kariya to retire as a professional, which he did.

Writing and ideas

Amen's first book, Change Your Brain, Change Your Life, was published in 1999 and unexpectedly reached the New York Times best seller list after selling tens of thousands of copies in the first year. Publishers Weekly noted that the book "apparently struck a nerve with readers who love a 'scientific' hook." In 2015, Dr. Amen released Change Your Brain Change Your Life, Revised and Expanded 2015.

In his book Making a Good Brain Great, he provided his analysis and recommendations for brain improvement purported to enhance a person's overall happiness and ability. For example, he suggested that hobbies which challenge the brain are important to ensuring a happy life, as he believes they force the brain to learn and evolve over time. Davi Thornton characterized the book as consisting of "commonplace recommendations for self-improvement."

Healing the Hardware of the Soul, written by Amen in 2008, was reviewed in the American Journal of Psychiatry by Andrew Leuchter. "Dr. Amen makes a good case for the use of brain imaging to explain and medicalize mental disorders," Leuchter said. "However, the reader who has any degree of familiarity with mental illness and brain science is left unconvinced that his highly commercialized use of scanning is justified." Leuchter concluded that Amen "has not subjected his treatment approaches to the level of systematic scientific scrutiny expected for scientifically based medical practice."

In his book The Brain in Love, Amen described the brain activity that occurs during chanting meditation as similar to those which take place during the feeling of love and sexual activity.

In 2013 Amen co-authored a book, The Daniel Plan: 40 Days to a Healthier Life, with pastor Rick Warren on "how to lead a healthy life". Amen was one of the people—the others included Mark Hyman and Mehmet Oz—that Warren recruited to help devise the program outlined in the book, called "The Daniel Plan". Warren encouraged adoption of the plan by all member churches in his network of Saddleback churches. According to Janice Norris, "The Daniel Plan is ... more than a diet. It is a lifestyle program based on Biblical principles and five essential components: food, fitness, focus, faith, and friends." Amen, Warren, and Hyman appeared on the television show The View to discuss the Daniel Plan and 3,000 people came to a rally at Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, California to hear the three talk about the plan.

In 2013 Amen released an updated version of his book Healing ADD from the Inside Out: The Breakthrough Program That Allows You to See and Heal the Seven Types of Attention Deficit Disorder.

Television programs

Amen has produced television programs about his theories. One of them, "Change Your Brain, Change Your Life," was aired by PBS affiliates 1,300 times in 2008 during fund-raising drives. Another, "Magnificent Mind at Any Age with Dr. Daniel Amen," was aired before January 1, 2009. Neurologist Michael Greicius, director of the Stanford Center for Memory Disorders and principal investigator of the Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory at Stanford University stated, "The PBS airing of Amen’s program provides a stamp of scientific validity to work which has no scientific validity." These programs have been described as infomercials for Amen's clinics. The program's depiction of the "wonders of ginkgo and other 'natural' products such as St. John's wort." was also criticized. Alternative-medicine skeptic and physician Harriet A. Hall and neurologist Robert A. Burton criticized PBS for the airing of these programs. Michael Getler, the PBS ombudsman, replied that "PBS had nothing to do with the 'Brain' program's content and did not vet the program in any way." Local PBS affiliates "make their own editorial decisions based on their own guidelines about what to air," he wrote.

Nutritional Supplements

Dr. Amen's nutritional supplement websites sells a range of dietary supplements. The supplement components are comprised of well-studied ingredients, such as, phosphatidylserine, Omega-3 fatty acids, panax ginseng, Relora, L-Theanine, and SAM-e.

Reception

Amen's popularity and financial success have been discussed in the media. In 2012, The Washington Post Magazine ran a cover story titled "Daniel Amen is the most popular psychiatrist in America. To most researchers and scientists, that's a very bad thing." The Washington Post detailed Amen's lack of acceptance among the scientific community and his monetary conflict of interest. Journalist Sanjiv Bhattacharya wrote that Amen's critics likened him "to a self-help guru rather than a scientist, on account of all the books, DVDs and nutritional supplements which he hawks so shamelessly on infomercials" and that Amen was "the most controversial psychiatrist in America may also be the most commercially successful." Amen stated he felt the accolades went hand-in-hand and that "One reason why they hate me is because I make money. our biggest referral sources are our patients. If I'm defrauding them how would I stay in business for decades?"

Memberships and recognition

Amen is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. Other memberships include American Neuropsychiatric Association and Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, Ginsburg Fellow (1984-6). He has also been an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry and human behavior in the University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine.

Amen is the author of more than 30 books with combined sales of about one million copies.Five of his books have been New York Times bestsellers. In 2015, Amen's The Daniel Plan received the Christian Book of the Year Award.

Selected publications

  • Change Your Brain, Change Your Life: The Breakthrough Program for Conquering Anxiety, Depression, Obsessiveness, Anger, and Impulsiveness (1999) ISBN 9780748114689
  • Healing Anxiety and Depression Amen and Lisa C. Routh (2004) ISBN 0425198448
  • Making a Good Brain Great: The Amen Clinic Program for Achieving and Sustaining Optimal Mental Performance (2006) ISBN 9781400082094
  • The Brain in Love: 12 Lessons to Enhance Your Love Life (2009) ISBN 9780307587893
  • Magnificent Mind at Any Age: Natural Ways to Unleash Your Brain's Maximum Potential (2009) ISBN 9780307339102
  • Change Your Brain, Change Your Body: Use Your Brain to Get and Keep the Body You Have Always Wanted (2010) ISBN 9780748124046
  • The Amen Solution: The Brain Healthy Way to Get Thinner, Smarter, Happier (2011) ISBN 9780307463616
  • Unleash the Power of the Female Brain (2013) ISBN 9780307888945

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