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Jill Stein
Stein in 2016
Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd district
In office 2005–2011
Personal details
Born	Jill Ellen Stein (1950-05-14) May 14, 1950 (age 74) Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Political party	Green
Spouse	Richard Rohrer
Children	2
Residence(s)	Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S.
Alma mater	Harvard University (B.A., M.D.)
Website	Campaign website

This article is part of a series about Jill Stein
Political positions Green New Deal Massachusetts campaigns 2002 gubernatorial election 2006 Secretary of Commonwealth election 2010 gubernatorial election Presidential campaigns 2012 election primaries convention debates 2016 election primaries endorsements convention election recounts 2024 election primaries endorsements convention debates Political party affiliations Green-Rainbow Party Green Party of the United States
v t e

Jill Ellen Stein (born May 14, 1950) is an American physician, activist, politician, and perennial candidate. She is the Green Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election. Stein was also the Green Party's presidential nominee in 2012. She ran for governor of Massachusetts in 2002 and 2010.

Early life and education

Jill Stein was born in Chicago, the daughter of Gladys (née Wool) and Joseph Stein, and was raised in Highland Park, Illinois. She is Jewish, and her family attended Chicago's North Shore Congregation Israel, a Reform synagogue. Her parents were both from Russian Jewish families and Stein was raised in a Reform Jewish household, but now considers herself agnostic. Stein is married to Richard Rohrer, who is also a physician. They live in Lexington, Massachusetts, and have two adult sons.

In 1973, Stein graduated magna cum laude from Harvard, where she studied psychology, sociology, and anthropology. She then attended Harvard Medical School and graduated in 1979. After graduating from Harvard Medical School, Stein practiced internal medicine for 25 years at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Simmons College Health Center, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, and also served as an instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. She retired from practicing and teaching medicine in 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Career

As a medical doctor, Stein became increasingly concerned about the connection between people's health and the quality of their local environment, and decided to turn to activism in 1998, when she began protesting the "Filthy Five" coal plants in Massachusetts. Stein's testimony on the effects of mercury and dioxin contamination from the burning of waste helped preserve the Massachusetts moratorium on new trash incinerator construction in the state, and she later testified in support of updating the Massachusetts fish advisories to better protect women and children from mercury contamination. Since 1998, she has served on the board of the Greater Boston chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility. Under Stein, the chapter partnered with Boston University's Superfund Research Program as part of BUSRP’s Community Outreach Core and became a key member of the Environmental Health Nursing Education Collaborative. In 2003, Stein co-founded and served as Executive Director of the Massachusetts Coalition for Healthy Communities, a nonprofit organization that addressed a variety of issues important to the health and well-being of Massachusetts communities, including health care, local green economies, and grassroots democracy. Stein also founded and served as co-chair of the Lexington Solid Waste Action Team, a recycling committee in her hometown of Lexington, Massachusetts. The committee was approved by Lexington's Board of Selectmen and later featured in the textbook Approaches to Sustainable Development: The Public University in the Regional Economy. In 2008, Stein helped formulate a successful "Secure Green Future" ballot initiative that called upon legislators to accelerate efforts to move the Massachusetts economy to renewable energy and make development of green jobs a priority. Other organizations Stein has worked with include Clean Water Action, Toxic Action Center, Global Climate Convergence, Physicians for a National Health Program, and Massachusetts Medical Society. She received Clean Water Action's "Not in Anyone's Backyard Award" in 1998 and its "Children's Health Hero Award" in 2000, Toxic Action Center's "Citizen Award" in 1999, and Salem State College's "Friend of the Earth Award" in 2004.

As a medical doctor and researcher, Stein has published various materials and teaching plans, and has testified before legislative panels as well as local and state governmental bodies. She coauthored two reports by the Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility, In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development (2000), and Environmental Threats to Healthy Aging (2009). Stein's official biography states that reports have been widely cited and translated into four languages. The report was republished in the peer-reviewed Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics in 2002. Stein also coauthored articles about health in publications such as The Huffington Post. In 2009, Stein developed a three-part lecture series, "Healthy People, Healthy Planet," supported by the Boston University Superfund Research Project, for a course at the University of Delaware Nursing School. She also lectured and gave presentations at other institutions.

Stein is an advocate for campaign finance reform. In 1998, she helped campaign for the Clean Elections Law in Massachusetts. The law was later repealed by a Democratic-majority legislature, leading Stein to leave the Democratic party and join the Green Party. She was one of several activists involved with the Clean Elections Law to file a complaint in the Supreme Judicial Court for Suffolk County in 2002 against William F. Galvin, the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, over the state's failure to successfully implement the law. Stein has also served on the board of MassVoters for Fair Elections and has campaigned for implementing instant runoff voting in Massachusetts.

Alongside her political career, Stein also recorded musical albums with collaborator Ken Selcer in the folk-rock band Somebody's Sister. She plays the conga and djembe drums and the guitar. During the 1990s and 2000s, the duo released four studio albums: Flashpoint, Somebody's Sister, Green Sky, and Circuits To The Sun. Many of the songs focus on issues Stein emphasizes in her political career: peace, justice, and climate action. The pair also often performed at live events, such as the 2008 Green-Rainbow Convention in Leominster, Massachusetts. The band was a semifinalist in Musician's best unsigned bands contest in 1996 and 1998.

Electoral campaign history

State and local campaigns

Massachusetts gubernatorial candidate, 2002

Stein was the Green-Rainbow Party candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 2002 and finished third in a field of five candidates, with 76,530 votes (3.5%). After her debate performances received good reviews, supporters of the Democratic nominee purchased the rights to jillstein.org.

Massachusetts House of Representatives candidate, 2004

Following her third-place results in the 2002 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Stein ran for state representative in 2004 for the 9th Middlesex District, which included portions of Waltham and Lexington. She received 3,911 votes (21.3%) in a three-way race, losing to the incumbent Thomas Stanley, who received 59.6%.

Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth candidate, 2006

At the Green-Rainbow Party state convention on March 4, 2006, Stein was nominated for Secretary of the Commonwealth. In a two-way race with the three-term incumbent, Democrat Bill Galvin, she received 353,551 votes (18%).

Town of Lexington Town Meeting Representative, 2005 and 2008

Lexington, Massachusetts has a town meeting-style government. Stein was elected to the Town Meeting Seat, Precinct 2 (Lexington, Massachusetts) in March 2005 local elections. She finished first of 16 candidates running for seven seats, receiving 539 votes (20.6%). Stein was reelected in 2008, finishing second of 13 vying for eight seats.

Massachusetts gubernatorial candidate, 2010

On February 8, 2010, Stein announced her candidacy for governor on the steps of the Massachusetts State House in Boston. Her running mate was Richard P. Purcell, a surgery clerk and ergonomics assessor from Holyoke. In May, Stein opened her campaign office in Boston's Dorchester neighborhood, near the Fields Corner MBTA station. In the November 2 general election, Stein finished last, receiving 32,816 votes out of 2,287,407 cast (1.4%).

Presidential campaigns

2012

In August 2011, Stein indicated that she was considering running for President of the United States with the Green Party in the 2012 national election. In a published questionnaire she said that a number of Green activists had asked her to run and called the U.S. debt-ceiling crisis "the President’s astounding attack on Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid—a betrayal of the public interest...". She said she would announce her intentions by the end of September 2011. Stein later said she would announce her decision on October 24.

On October 24, 2011, Stein launched her campaign at a press conference in Massachusetts, saying,

We are all realizing that we, the people, have to take charge because the political parties that are serving the top 1 percent are not going to solve the problems that the rest of us face, we need people in Washington who will refuse to be bought by lobbyists and for whom change is not just a slogan.

In December 2011, Ben Manski, a Wisconsin Green Party leader, was announced as Stein's campaign manager. Her major primary opponents were Kent P. Mesplay and Roseanne Barr. Stein's signature issue during the primary was a "Green New Deal", a government spending plan intended to put 25 million people to work. Mesplay called that unrealistic, saying, "This will take time to implement, and lacks legislative support."

Stein became the presumptive Green Party nominee after winning two-thirds of California's delegates in June 2012. In a statement following the California election, Stein said, "Voters will not be forced to choose between two servants of Wall Street in the upcoming election. Now we know there will be a third candidate on the ballot who is a genuine champion of working people." Stein was endorsed for president in 2012 by the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and war correspondent Chris Hedges, among others. Linguist Noam Chomsky said he would vote for her but urged those in swing states to vote for Obama.

On July 1, 2012, the Stein campaign reported it had received enough contributions to qualify for primary season federal matching funds, pending confirmation from the FEC. If funded, Stein would be the second Green Party presidential candidate ever to have qualified, with Ralph Nader being the first in 2000. On July 11, Stein selected Cheri Honkala, an anti-poverty activist, as her running mate for the Green vice-presidential nomination. On July 14, she officially received the Green Party's nomination at its convention in Baltimore.

On August 1, Stein, Honkala and three others were arrested during a sit-in at a Philadelphia bank to protest housing foreclosures on behalf of several city residents struggling to keep their homes. Stein explained her willingness to be arrested:

The developers and financiers made trillions of dollars through the housing bubble and the imposition of crushing debt on homeowners. And when homeowners could no longer pay them what they demanded, they went to government and got trillions of dollars of bailouts. Every effort of the Obama Administration has been to prop this system up and keep it going at taxpayer expense. It's time for this game to end. It's time for the laws be written to protect the victims and not the perpetrators.

On October 16, Stein and Honkala were arrested after they tried to enter the site of the presidential debate at Hofstra University while protesting the exclusion of smaller political parties, such as the Green Party, from the debates. Stein likened her arrest to the persecution of dissident Sergei Udaltsov in Russia. On October 31, Stein was arrested in Texas for criminal trespass, after trying to deliver food and supplies to environmental activists camped out in trees protesting the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline.

During the campaign, Stein repeatedly said that there were no significant differences between Mitt Romney and Barack Obama. She said, "Romney is a wolf in a wolf’s clothing, Obama is a wolf in a sheep’s clothing, but they both essentially have the same agenda." She called both of them "Wall Street candidates" asking for "a mandate for four more years of corporate rule".

Stein received 469,501 votes (0.4%). She received 1% or more of the vote in three states: Maine (1.3%), Oregon (1.1%), and Alaska (1.0%).

2016

On February 6, 2015, Stein announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a potential campaign for the Green Party's presidential nomination in 2016. On June 22, she formally announced her candidacy in a live interview with Amy Goodman on Democracy Now!

After former Ohio state senator Nina Turner reportedly declined to be her running mate, Stein chose human rights activist Ajamu Baraka on August 1. When asked whether she agreed with Baraka's characterization of President Obama as an "Uncle Tom", Stein said: "He'll have to speak himself about that language".

Stein has stated that the Democratic and Republican parties are "two corporate parties" that have converged into one. Concerned by the rise of fascism internationally and the rise of neoliberalism within the Democratic Party, she has said, "The answer to neofascism is stopping neoliberalism. Putting another Clinton in the White House will fan the flames of this right-wing extremism. We have known that for a long time, ever since Nazi Germany."

Tax returns

According to Forbes tax blogger Peter J. Reilly, Stein had yet to release her tax returns by July 2016. Despite promising to release her tax returns during her 2012 campaign, she never did. She last released her tax returns when she ran for governor of Massachusetts in 2010. By August 2016, the first two pages of Stein's 2015 tax return were on her website.

Polls

Stein has polled as high as 7% in general election polling (a June 2016 poll). A CNN poll released on August 1 showed that 13% of Sanders supporters would vote for Stein (and 10% for Libertarian Party candidate Gary Johnson). Between June and August, Stein's polling average in a four-way race with Trump, Clinton and Johnson has ranged between 2.5% and 4.8%. Support for third-party candidates has historically tended to decline as the election approaches. In "An Eight Point Brief for LEV (Lesser Evil Voting)", Noam Chomsky has argued that those going to the polls in swing states "should devote the minimum of time necessary to exercise the LEV choice then immediately return to pursuing goals which are not timed to the national electoral cycle."

Endorsements

Stein has been endorsed by Union Theological Seminary Professor Cornel West, one of Sanders' appointees to the Democratic Platform Committee. Author Chris Hedges again endorsed Stein in 2016. Seattle City Council member Kshama Sawant, of the Socialist Alternative party, also has endorsed Stein.

Political positions

Economy

Referring to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal approach to the Great Depression, Stein advocated a "Green New Deal" in her 2012 and 2016 campaigns, in which renewable energy jobs would be created to address climate change and environmental issues; the objective would be to employ "every American willing and able to work". Stein said she would fund the start-up costs of the plan with a 30% reduction in the U.S. military budget, returning U.S. troops home, and increasing taxes on speculation in stock markets, offshore tax havens, and multi-million-dollar real estate, among other things. In 2012 and 2016 she cited a 2012 study in the Review of Black Political Economy by Rutgers professor Phillip Harvey showing that the multiplier economic effects of this "Green New Deal" would recoup most of the start-up costs of her plan. Stein further argued that her plan "will end unemployment and poverty".

Stein's 2016 platform says that she will "democratize the Federal Reserve". In her 2012 platform, she wanted to "nationalize" the Federal Reserve and place it within the Treasury Department, ending its independence. Stein has argued that the Wall Street bailout was unconscionable and a "waste". In 2012, Stein opposed the raising of the debt ceiling, arguing that the U.S. should instead raise taxes on the wealthy and make military spending cuts to offset the debt.

Stein supports the creation of sustainable infrastructure based on clean renewable-energy generation and sustainable-community principles to stop what her party sees as a growing convergence of environmental crises in water, soil, fisheries, and forests. Her vision includes increasing intra-city mass transit and inter-city railroads, creating complete streets that safely encourage bike and pedestrian traffic, and regional food systems based on sustainable organic agriculture.

Stein has been skeptical of official employment numbers, saying in her 2015 State of the Union Green Party response that unemployment figures at the time were "designed to essentially cover up unemployment," and arguing that the real unemployment rate for that year was around 12–13%. In February 2016, she said that "real unemployment is nearly 10%, 2x as high as the official rate."

Stein has said she believes in having "the government as the employer of last resort". When asked in an August 2016 interview what this entailed, she said that the idea was a "very broad brushstroke" but that a position paper was forthcoming.

Stein's platform pledges to guarantee housing. When asked how this would be done, Stein answered, "that is an aspirational goal at this point. We do not have a specific program."

Education

In a much-discussed interaction with parents and teachers, Stein stated that she felt the move towards computerized education in kindergarten was good neither for young children's cognitive nor social development, saying, "We should be moving away from screens at all levels of education." She argues that such a policy is not good for teachers, children, or communities, but does benefit device manufacturers. Her position on Wi-Fi in the classroom is likewise critical of device manufacturers:

We should not be subjecting kids' brains especially to that... and we don’t follow this issue in our country, but in Europe where they do they have good precautions about wireless. Maybe not good enough it’s very hard to study this stuff. You know, we make guinea pigs out of whole populations and then we discover how many die. This is the paradigm for how public health works in this country. Our research institutions, as well, need to be publicly funded and publicly accountable, not for the device manufacturers, not sponsored by the pharmaceutical companies.

Stein has argued for "free higher public education going forward." She has spoken in favor of canceling all student debt, arguing that it could be done "using quantitative easing" and without raising taxes. She has said that her plan would be "the stimulus package of our dreams to put to work a whole generation of young people that's held hostage in debt". She has said that her campaign will do for the "43 million young people trapped in predatory student loan debt" what "our mis-leaders saw fit to do for Wall Street when they bailed them out to the tune of 16 or 17 trillion dollars using so called quantitative easing". When asked why her plan includes canceling the debt of upper-income individuals, Stein answered, "Well, for one thing, we know that higher education pays for itself. It’s a very important thing to do."

She opposes charter schools and has been critical of the Common Core, saying that teachers rather than "corporate contractors" should be responsible for education.

Electoral reform

Stein is critical of the two-party system, and argues for ranked-choice voting as a favorable alternative to "lesser evilism". Calling for "more voices and more choices", the Stein campaign launched a petition demanding that all candidates appearing on a sufficient number of state ballots to be theoretically electable should be invited to participate in the presidential debates.

Energy and environment

Stein proposes that the United States transition to 100% renewable energy by 2030, and supports a national ban on fracking. She has spoken against nuclear energy, saying it "is dirty, dangerous and expensive, and should be precluded on all of those counts." In March 2016, she tweeted, "Nuclear power plants = weapons of mass destruction waiting to be detonated." In 2012, Stein said, "three times more jobs are created per dollar invested in conservation and renewables. Nuclear is currently the most expensive per unit of energy created." Stein says that she will "ensure that any worker displaced by the shift away from fossil fuels will receive full income and benefits as they transition to alternative work." She has further argued that moving away from fossil fuels will produce substantial savings in healthcare costs. She wants to "treat energy as a human right".

Stein accepts the scientific consensus on climate change, calling it a "national emergency". She has described the Paris Climate Agreement as inadequate, saying it will not stop climate change. She has proposed to override the agreement and create a more effective one.

Stein has argued that the cost of transitioning to 100% renewable energy by 2030 would in part be recouped by healthcare savings, citing the experience of Cuba when it lost Soviet oil subsidies and Cubans experienced improvements in health outcomes.

Foreign policy

Stein wants to cut U.S. military spending by at least 50%. She would close US overseas military bases and has said that they "are turning our republic into a bankrupt empire". She wants to replace the lost military jobs "with jobs in renewable energy, transportation and green infrastructure development" and to "restore the National Guard as the centerpiece of our defense".

Stein has argued that the United States "helped foment" a coup in Ukraine, maintaining that Ukraine should be neutral and that the United States should not arm it. She was critical of the Ukrainian government formed after the Ukrainian Revolution of 2014, saying that "ultra-nationalists and ex-Nazis came to power." She met with president Putin in Moscow in December 2015 at a banquet celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Russian state television network RT. While in Russia, Stein criticized Russian and American military spending, as well as the state of human rights in the U.S

On the subject of NATO, Stein tweeted, "Who exactly is NATO fighting? ...Other than enemies we invent to give the weapons industry a reason to sell more stuff." Stein has said that NATO violates international law, and that it is part of "of a foreign policy that has been based on economic and military domination". When asked whether she agreed with Ajamu Baraka's description of NATO as "gangster states", Stein answered that she would not use Baraka's language but that "he means the same thing I'm saying". Stein has said that NATO "pursued a policy of basically encircling Russia — including the threat of nukes and drones and so on." When asked by the Washington Post about NATO's role in the Baltic, Stein responded that NATO has not followed its stated policy after the fall of the Berlin Wall not to move "one inch to the East." She further argued that there had been provocation on both sides and that a diplomatic approach was neccessary.

Stein would approach the Syrian Civil War by putting in place a weapons embargo, freezing funds going to ISIL and other terrorist groups, and pushing "very hard to have a peace process and to call a ceasefire". On August 12, 2016, the day when U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces captured Manbij from ISIL, Stein tweeted an apology to Syrians, "To Syrians who escaped Manbij because of U.S.-led forces, I'm sorry our weapons terrorized you for two years." Stein is in favor of taking "far more" than the 10,000 Syrian refugees that Obama has pledged to take in, but does not have a precise number in mind.

When asked if she considered Obama a war criminal, Stein said, "Do I think he has violated international law? Good lord, yes! The drone wars have been the worst for human rights. It's an illegal assassination program - and worse, it's off target nine times out of 10."

Regarding disputes in the South China Sea, Stein has said that "it is wrongheaded for to deal with territorial rights on the borders of China."

Stein has been highly critical of Israel, accusing the Israeli government of "apartheid, assassination, illegal settlements, blockades, building of nuclear bombs, indefinite detention, collective punishment, and defiance of international law." Stein supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign against Israel and regards Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as a "war criminal". Upon the death of Nobel Peace Laureate Elie Wiesel, Stein praised him in a tribute on her Facebook page, but deleted the post when commenters criticized Wiesel's Zionism.

Having posted a statement on her website immediately after the UK voted to leave the European Union arguing that the vote was a victory for those resisting austerity, Stein later clarified her official statement, saying "Before the Brexit vote I agreed with Jeremy Corbyn, Caroline Lucas and the UK Greens who supported staying in the EU but working to fix it."

In 2012, Stein favored maintaining current levels of international aid spending.

Health

Stein is in favor of replacing the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) with a "Medicare-for-All" healthcare system and has said that it is an "illusion" that Obamacare is a "step in the right direction" toward single-payer healthcare. When asked in August 2016 whether she supported the ballot measure in Colorado to create the first universal healthcare system in the nation, Stein said she was not ready to endorse the plan, citing concerns about gaps and loopholes in the ballot measure.

Stein has been critical of subsidizing unhealthy food products and of "agri-business" for its advertisements encouraging unhealthy eating. She has said that due to agri-business, Greeks no longer have the healthy diets they once did.

Science

The peer-reviewed report Stein co-authored with Physicians for a National Health Program, In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development, received endorsements from six experts on public health at the Physicians for Social Responsibility website, praising the quality of the report. In the 2016 election, Stein has been criticized for adopting political positions based on what critics have called "out-of-the-mainstream" views on science-related topics.

Homeopathy

Regarding homeopathy, Stein said in May 2016 that "just because something is untested doesn't mean it's safe", but argued that it is problematic that "agencies tied to big pharma and the chemical industry" test medicines. When asked in 2012 about the Green Party's health care platform (which supported homeopathy at that time), Stein said that the platform took "an admittedly simple position on a complex issue, and should be improved".

Pesticides and GMOs

In Environmental Threats to Healthy Aging, Stein concludes her section reviewing the literature on pesticides by saying: "any but not all studies find that acute high-dose and chronic lower-dose occupational exposures to some neurotoxic pesticides are linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline, dementia or Alzheimer's disease."

Stein and her coauthors wrote, "Twenty million American children five and under eat an average of eight pesticides every day through food consumption. Thirty-seven pesticides registered for use on foods are neurotoxic organophosphate insecticides, chemically related to more toxic nerve warfare agent developed earlier this century." They further noted the ubiquity of these pesticides in the home and at schools, citing Schettler et al. for the claim that "The trend is toward increasingly common exposures to organophosphates. For example, chlorpyrifos detections in urine increased more than tenfold from 1980 to 1990."

Stein supports GMO labeling and a moratorium on new GMOs until they are proven safe, and would phase out GMO foods. Max Ehrenfreund in the Washington Post and Jordan Weissmann in Slate have written that Stein's position on GMOs contradicts extensive scientific study.

Misplaced Pages's consensus language for discussion of GMOs is as follows:

There is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food, but that each GM food needs to be tested on a case-by-case basis before introduction. Nonetheless, members of the public are much less likely than scientists to perceive GM foods as safe. The legal and regulatory status of GM foods varies by country, with some nations banning or restricting them, and others permitting them with widely differing degrees of regulation.

Spending on scientific research

In 2012, Stein wanted to "slightly decrease" spending on space exploration. She favored maintaining current levels of spending on scientific and medical research.

Vaccines

In an interview with the Washington Post, Stein stated that "vaccines have been absolutely critical in ridding us of the scourge of many diseases," and said that "here were concerns among physicians about what the vaccination schedule meant, the toxic substances like mercury which used to be rampant in vaccines. There were real questions that needed to be addressed. I think some of them at least have been addressed. I don’t know if all of them have been addressed." The Guardian says that "research has shown schedule-related concerns about vaccines to be unfounded, and that delays to vaccines actually put children at greater risk. Anti-vaxx campaigners often claim that there are dangerous compounds in vaccines, though decades of safe vaccinations contradict the claim and no evidence shows that trace amounts that remain in some approved vaccines cause any harm to the body."

In the Washington Post interview, Stein said that vaccines should be approved by a board that people can trust, and "people do not trust a Food and Drug Administration," or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "where corporate influence and the pharmaceutical industry has a lot of influence." According to The Guardian, eleven members of the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee are medical doctors who work at hospitals and universities, and two work at pharmaceutical companies, GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi Pasteur US. In response, Stein said that "Monsanto lobbyists help run the day in those agencies and are in charge of approving what food isn’t safe".

Emily Willingham, scientist and contributor at Forbes, described Stein's statements on vaccines as "using dog whistle terms and equivocations bound to appeal to the 'antivaccine' constituency". Dan Kahan, a professor at Yale who has studied public perception of science, says that it is dangerous for candidates to equivocate on vaccines, "Because the attitudes about vaccines are pretty much uniform across the political spectrum, it doesn’t seem like a great idea for any candidate to be anti-vaccine. The modal view is leave the freaking system alone."

In response to a Twitter question about whether vaccines cause autism, Stein first answered, "there is no evidence that autism is caused by vaccines," then revised her tweet to "I'm not aware of evidence linking autism with vaccines." In a later interview, Stein answered "no" to the question "do you think vaccines cause autism?", She called this a "nonsense issue, meant to distract people" and likened it to smear campaigns used in previous presidential elections, citing the "Swiftboat issue" or the "Birther issue," pointing out that in her previous published work on autism and other child development issues, no mention was made of vaccines.

Wi-Fi

In a question-and-answer session, Stein voiced concern about wireless internet (Wi-Fi) in schools, saying, "We should not subjecting kid’s brains especially to that... and we don’t follow this issue in our country, but in Europe where they do, you know, they have good precautions about wireless. Maybe not good enough, you know. It’s very hard to study this stuff. You know, we make guinea pigs out of whole populations and then we discover how many die." According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "no adverse health effects are expected from exposure to ".

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

On Juneteenth in 2016, Stein called for reparations for slavery. In accepting the nomination of the Green party, she reiterated this support, saying that the Greens "call for a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, to get to the bottom of the crisis of racism, and to provide reparations to acknowledge the enormous debt owed to the African American community for the unimaginable price they paid in building this country and sustaining our economy for generations while they were denied dignity and freedom."

Whistleblowers and political prisoners

In her acceptance speech for the Green Party nomination, she called for "end the war on whistleblowers, and free the political prisoners Leonard Peltier, Mumia Abu Jamal, Chelsea Manning, Julian Assange, Edward Snowden, Jeffrey Sterling, and Edward Pinkney" She said that she would have Snowden in her Cabinet if elected. In an op-ed on the subject of Wikileaks, Stein argued that Assange was doing what journalists should be doing but are not, and added that whistle-blowers have been increasingly subject to "character assassination" and prosecution during the Obama administration. In her view, it is heroic to resist the media and political elite's control of information.

References

1. "Green Party candidate Jill Stein says Bernie Sanders should make a 3rd party run". June 1, 2016.
2. Martin, Michel (July 24, 2016). "Green Party's Jill Stein Wants To Be 'Plan B' For Bernie Sanders Supporters". All Things Considered. NPR. Jill Stein interview. Retrieved July 26, 2016. {{cite episode}}: External link in |transcripturl= (help); Unknown parameter |serieslink= ignored (|series-link= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |transcripturl= ignored (|transcript-url= suggested) (help)
3. Tau, ron (July 1, 2016). "Jill Stein, the Green Party's Presumptive Presidential Nominee, Makes Inroads". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
4. ^ "Mass. doctor Jill Stein wins Green Party's presidential nod". USA Today. Associated Press. July 14, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
5. ^ 2012 Presidential General Election Results, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections accessed November 19, 2012
6. O’Sullivan, Jim (January 7, 2010). "Stein to jump into gov race with Green-Rainbow bid". Boston Globe. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
7. 2 more candidates jump into Mass. governor's race Boston Globe, February 4, 2010
8. "Wayland's Jill Stein to launch campaign for governor". MetroWest Daily News. Boston. February 4, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
9. "Going Green". The Forward. Retrieved August 21, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
10. Reilly, Peter J. "Who Is Jill Stein Anyway ? Green Party Candidate Discusses Her Background".
11. ^ "Jill Stein (G-R) Candidate for Governor". Retrieved May 31, 2016.
12. Hirsch, David S. (October 2, 2002). "Governor Candidates Bicker in Debate". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved July 14, 2012.
13. Saulny, Susan (July 12, 2012). "Party Strains to Be Heard Now That Its Voice Isn't Nader's". New York Times. p. A10. Retrieved July 14, 2012.
14. "Dr. Stein is a Harvard-educated physician who ran for Governor as a Green Party candidate in the 2002 Massachusetts election. Most recently, she was an instructor at Harvard Medical School and practiced medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center". Retrieved June 20, 2016.
15. "Jill Stein, M.D. a former staff physician at Harvard Community Health Plan and Simmons College Health Center and co-author of In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development, concluded the morning presentations". Retrieved June 20, 2016.
16. "Jill Stein MD Internist, public health advocate and founder of the Massachusetts Coalition for Healthy Communities (MCHC), instructor in medicine at Harvard Medical School 1982–2005, and staff internist at Simmons College Health Center for 15 years" (PDF). Retrieved June 20, 2016.
17. "Before she headed out to campaign, the Harvard-educated physician, instructor of internal medicine, and environmental health advocate sat down with WBZ-TV's Political Editor Jon Keller". Retrieved June 20, 2016.
18. "Stein, a physician and internal medicine instructor, graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College in 1973, and from Harvard Medical School in 1979". Retrieved June 20, 2016.
19. "Stein, a Lexington native who graduated from Harvard Medical School where she later became an instructor said that she quit medicine so she could "cure" politics, "The mother of all illnesses."". Retrieved June 20, 2016.
20. "Jill was trained as a clinical doctor and served for decades as an instructor in internal medicine at Harvard Medical School". Retrieved June 20, 2016.
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108. "CNN/ORC International Poll" (PDF). CNN News. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
109. Director, Jennifer Agiesta, CNN Polling. "Post-convention poll: Clinton retakes lead over Trump". CNN. Retrieved August 3, 2016. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
110. "RealClearPolitics - Election 2016 - General Election: Trump vs. Clinton vs. Johnson vs. Stein". www.realclearpolitics.com. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
111. Katz, Josh (August 4, 2016). "Can Gary Johnson, the Libertarian Nominee, Swing the Election?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 4, 2016. Since 1968, all of the major third-party candidates have seen their polling averages decline closer to the election. ... Jill Stein, the Green Party's presumptive nominee ... is polling in the low-single digits and is a long shot to make the debates.
112. Aaron Blake (August 5, 2016). "A new poll has Trump in fourth — behind Gary Johnson AND Jill Stein — with young people". Washington Post. Third-party candidates tend to poll better before Election Day than they actually perform on Election Day. ... If history is any guide (and it has not always been one this election cycle), support for Johnson and Stein will ebb over the next three months.
113. Halle / Chomsky, John / Noam (June 15, 2016). "An Eight Point Brief for LEV (Lesser Evil Voting)". chomsky.info. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
114. Goodman, Amy (July 18, 2016). "Cornel West: Why I Endorse Green Party's Jill Stein Over "Neoliberal Disaster" Hillary Clinton". Retrieved July 30, 2016.
115. "Chris Hedges v. Robert Reich on Clinton, Third Parties, Capitalism & Next Steps for Sanders Backers". Democracy Now!. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
116. Hedges, Chris (February 16, 2016). "Why I Support Dr. Jill Stein for President". Truthdig. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
117. Sawant, Kshame (July 13, 2016). "Bernie Sanders Abandons the Revolution". CounterPunch. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
118. ^ "Jobs for All with a Green New Deal". Green-Rainbow.org. September 5, 2011. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
119. Harvey, Philip (January 20, 2012). "Learning from the New Deal". The Review of Black Political Economy. 39 (1): 87–105. doi:10.1007/s12114-011-9127-x. ISSN 0034-6446.
120. ^ "Power to the People Plan". Retrieved July 14, 2016.
121. Olear, Greg. "If only it made sense to vote for a third party". Salon. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
122. "Jan. 2012 Jill Stein A Green New Deal for America". www.p2012.org. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
123. Fox Business News Panel. "Jill Stein Interview With Fox Business News Panel". Retrieved July 26, 2016. {{cite web}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
124. ^ Reilly, Peter J. "Not Your Average Jill Stein Interview". Retrieved August 1, 2016.
125. "Jill Stein on Budget & Economy". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
126. "Jill Stein on Budget & Economy". On The Issues. March 24, 2016. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016.
127. ^ Weissmann, Jordan (July 27, 2016). "Jill Stein's Ideas Are Terrible. She Is Not the Savior the Left Is Looking For". Slate. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
128. "Dr. Jill Stein on Twitter". Retrieved July 28, 2016.
129. "Power to the People Plan". Retrieved August 26, 2016.
130. ^ ""We Should Not Be Subjecting Children's Brains To Wi-Fi Screens In Schools. It's Not OK" Jill Stein". Safe Teach for Schools. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
131. ^ The Young Turks (June 8, 2016), How Dr. Jill Stein Will ERASE Student Loan Debt, retrieved July 26, 2016
132. ^ Wisner, Matthew (July 7, 2016). "Green Party's Jill Stein on Tax-Free Student Loan Bailout | Fox Business". Retrieved July 27, 2016.
133. "Jill Stein on Education". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
134. Kolhatkar, Sonali. "The Green Party's Dr. Jill Stein on Democracy & Ranked Choice Voting". Lumpenproletariat. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
135. Speri, Alice. "The Two-Party System is the Worst Case Scenario: An Interview with the Green Party's Jill Stein/". The Intercept. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
136. "Open the Debates Petition". Jill Stein for President. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
137. "Open Up the Debates: Green Party's Jill Stein Accuses Democrats & GOP of Rigging Debate Rules". Democracy Now!. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
138. ^ "Jill Stein on Energy & Oil". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
139. "Dr. Jill Stein on Twitter". Retrieved August 7, 2016.
140. "I am Jill Stein, Green Party presidential candidate, ask me anything. • /r/IAmA". reddit. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
141. ^ "Jill Stein 2016 Platform". Retrieved July 14, 2016.
142. ^ "Transcript: Jill Stein Accepts the Green Party Nomination". Jill 2016. August 6, 2016.
143. "Jill Stein on Homeland Security". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
144. ^ "Jill Stein on Foreign Policy". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
145. "Jill Stein on Foreign Policy". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
146. "Jill Stein in Moscow criticized US human rights, said nothing about Russian human rights - AMERICAblog News". August 6, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
147. "Dr. Jill Stein on Twitter". Retrieved July 28, 2016.
148. "Dr. Jill Stein on Twitter". Retrieved August 13, 2016.
149. Gersh Kuntzman. "Green Party Presidential candidate Jill Stein slams the system, law-breaking Obama, 'Frankenstein' Trump and 'corporate' Hillary Clinton". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
150. "Dr. Jill Stein on Israel, Palestine and The Middle East". The Peace Resource. August 30, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
151. "Statement on US Foreign Policy, Palestine-Israel, and BDS". Retrieved July 27, 2016.
152. Martin, Patrick. "Green Party candidate launches US presidential campaign - World Socialist Web Site". www.wsws.org. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
153. "Friends Don't Let Friends Vote for Jill Stein". Retrieved August 12, 2016.
154. "The original, pro-Brexit statement".
155. "Jill Stein calls Britain Vote a "Wake-up Call"".
156. "Jill Stein calls Britain Vote a "Wake-up Call"".
157. ^ "Green Party Hero Jill Stein Busted Trying to Cover Up Her Praise of Bigotry-Driven Brexit". June 27, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
158. ^ "Friends Don't Let Friends Vote for Jill Stein". Retrieved August 15, 2016.
159. "Stein calls Britain Vote a Wake-up Call". Retrieved June 25, 2016.
160. ^ "The Voter's Self Defense System". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
161. "Jill Stein on Health Care". www.ontheissues.org. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
162. "In Colorado, Green Party's Jill Stein won't endorse the ColoradoCare universal healthcare ballot measure". August 27, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
163. "Scientists Endorse In Harm's Way". Physicians for Social Responsibility. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
164. ^ Watkins, Eli (August 17, 2016). "Anti-science claims dog Green Party's Jill Stein". CNN. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
165. Sosa, Chris (August 9, 2016). "Jill Stein's Dangerous Anti-Science Campaign". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
166. ^ "I am Jill Stein, Green Party candidate for President, AMA! • /r/IAmA". reddit. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
167. "I am Jill Stein, Green Party presidential candidate, ask me anything.", Reddit.com
168. "Jill Stein; et al. "Environmental Factors in the Development of Dementia: Focus on Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline" (PDF). Retrieved October 26, 2012. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |in= ignored (help)
169. ^ Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility. "Chapter 7: Chemicals, Regulations & the Environment" (PDF). Retrieved August 24, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |in= ignored (help)
170. Schettler; et al. Generations at Risk: Reproductive Health and the Environment. MIT Press. p. 225. ISBN 9780262692472. {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last1= (help)
171. CNN, Eli Watkins. "Anti-science claims dog Green Party's Jill Stein". CNN. Retrieved August 20, 2016. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
172. Ehrenfreund, Max. "What Jill Stein, the Green presidential candidate, wants to do to America". Washington Post. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
173. Nicolia, Alessandro; Manzo, Alberto; Veronesi, Fabio; Rosellini, Daniele (2013). "An overview of the last 10 years of genetically engineered crop safety research" (PDF). Critical Reviews in Biotechnology: 1–12. doi:10.3109/07388551.2013.823595. We have reviewed the scientific literature on GE crop safety for the last 10 years that catches the scientific consensus matured since GE plants became widely cultivated worldwide, and we can conclude that the scientific research conducted so far has not detected any significant hazard directly connected with the use of GM crops.

     The literature about Biodiversity and the GE food/feed consumption has sometimes resulted in animated debate regarding the suitability of the experimental designs, the choice of the statistical methods or the public accessibility of data. Such debate, even if positive and part of the natural process of review by the scientific community, has frequently been distorted by the media and often used politically and inappropriately in anti-GE crops campaigns.

174. "State of Food and Agriculture 2003–2004. Agricultural Biotechnology: Meeting the Needs of the Poor. Health and environmental impacts of transgenic crops". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved February 8, 2016. Currently available transgenic crops and foods derived from them have been judged safe to eat and the methods used to test their safety have been deemed appropriate. These conclusions represent the consensus of the scientific evidence surveyed by the ICSU (2003) and they are consistent with the views of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2002). These foods have been assessed for increased risks to human health by several national regulatory authorities (inter alia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, the United Kingdom and the United States) using their national food safety procedures (ICSU). To date no verifiable untoward toxic or nutritionally deleterious effects resulting from the consumption of foods derived from genetically modified crops have been discovered anywhere in the world (GM Science Review Panel). Many millions of people have consumed foods derived from GM plants - mainly maize, soybean and oilseed rape - without any observed adverse effects (ICSU).
175. Ronald, Pamela (May 5, 2011). "Plant Genetics, Sustainable Agriculture and Global Food Security". Genetics. 188: 11–20. doi:10.1534/genetics.111.128553. There is broad scientific consensus that genetically engineered crops currently on the market are safe to eat. After 14 years of cultivation and a cumulative total of 2 billion acres planted, no adverse health or environmental effects have resulted from commercialization of genetically engineered crops (Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on Environmental Impacts Associated with Commercialization of Transgenic Plants, National Research Council and Division on Earth and Life Studies 2002). Both the U.S. National Research Council and the Joint Research Centre (the European Union's scientific and technical research laboratory and an integral part of the European Commission) have concluded that there is a comprehensive body of knowledge that adequately addresses the food safety issue of genetically engineered crops (Committee on Identifying and Assessing Unintended Effects of Genetically Engineered Foods on Human Health and National Research Council 2004; European Commission Joint Research Centre 2008). These and other recent reports conclude that the processes of genetic engineering and conventional breeding are no different in terms of unintended consequences to human health and the environment (European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation 2010).
176. But see also:

     Domingo, José L.; Bordonaba, Jordi Giné (2011). "A literature review on the safety assessment of genetically modified plants" (PDF). Environment International. 37: 734–742. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.01.003. In spite of this, the number of studies specifically focused on safety assessment of GM plants is still limited. However, it is important to remark that for the first time, a certain equilibrium in the number of research groups suggesting, on the basis of their studies, that a number of varieties of GM products (mainly maize and soybeans) are as safe and nutritious as the respective conventional non-GM plant, and those raising still serious concerns, was observed. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that most of the studies demonstrating that GM foods are as nutritional and safe as those obtained by conventional breeding, have been performed by biotechnology companies or associates, which are also responsible of commercializing these GM plants. Anyhow, this represents a notable advance in comparison with the lack of studies published in recent years in scientific journals by those companies.

     Krimsky, Sheldon (2015). "An Illusory Consensus behind GMO Health Assessment" (PDF). Science, Technology, & Human Values: 1–32. doi:10.1177/0162243915598381. I began this article with the testimonials from respected scientists that there is literally no scientific controversy over the health effects of GMOs. My investigation into the scientific literature tells another story.

     And contrast:

     Panchin, Alexander Y.; Tuzhikov, Alexander I. (January 14, 2016). "Published GMO studies find no evidence of harm when corrected for multiple comparisons". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. doi:10.3109/07388551.2015.1130684. ISSN 0738-8551. Here, we show that a number of articles some of which have strongly and negatively influenced the public opinion on GM crops and even provoked political actions, such as GMO embargo, share common flaws in the statistical evaluation of the data. Having accounted for these flaws, we conclude that the data presented in these articles does not provide any substantial evidence of GMO harm.

     The presented articles suggesting possible harm of GMOs received high public attention. However, despite their claims, they actually weaken the evidence for the harm and lack of substantial equivalency of studied GMOs. We emphasize that with over 1783 published articles on GMOs over the last 10 years it is expected that some of them should have reported undesired differences between GMOs and conventional crops even if no such differences exist in reality.

     and

     Yang, Y.T.; Chen, B. (2016). "Governing GMOs in the USA: science, law and public health". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 96: 1851–1855. doi:10.1002/jsfa.7523. It is therefore not surprising that efforts to require labeling and to ban GMOs have been a growing political issue in the USA (citing Domingo and Bordonaba, 2011).

     Overall, a broad scientific consensus holds that currently marketed GM food poses no greater risk than conventional food... Major national and international science and medical associations have stated that no adverse human health effects related to GMO food have been reported or substantiated in peer-reviewed literature to date.

     Despite various concerns, today, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the World Health Organization, and many independent international science organizations agree that GMOs are just as safe as other foods. Compared with conventional breeding techniques, genetic engineering is far more precise and, in most cases, less likely to create an unexpected outcome.

177. "Statement by the AAAS Board of Directors On Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods" (PDF). American Association for the Advancement of Science. October 20, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016. The EU, for example, has invested more than €300 million in research on the biosafety of GMOs. Its recent report states: "The main conclusion to be drawn from the efforts of more than 130 research projects, covering a period of more than 25 years of research and involving more than 500 independent research groups, is that biotechnology, and in particular GMOs, are not per se more risky than e.g. conventional plant breeding technologies." The World Health Organization, the American Medical Association, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the British Royal Society, and every other respected organization that has examined the evidence has come to the same conclusion: consuming foods containing ingredients derived from GM crops is no riskier than consuming the same foods containing ingredients from crop plants modified by conventional plant improvement techniques.

     Pinholster, Ginger (October 25, 2012). "AAAS Board of Directors: Legally Mandating GM Food Labels Could "Mislead and Falsely Alarm Consumers"". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved February 8, 2016.

178. "A decade of EU-funded GMO research (2001–2010)" (PDF). Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Biotechnologies, Agriculture, Food. European Commission, European Union. 2010. doi:10.2777/97784. ISBN 978-92-79-16344-9. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
179. "AMA Report on Genetically Modified Crops and Foods (online summary)". American Medical Association. January 2001. Retrieved March 19, 2016. A report issued by the scientific council of the American Medical Association (AMA) says that no long-term health effects have been detected from the use of transgenic crops and genetically modified foods, and that these foods are substantially equivalent to their conventional counterparts. (from online summary prepared by ISAAA)" "Crops and foods produced using recombinant DNA techniques have been available for fewer than 10 years and no long-term effects have been detected to date. These foods are substantially equivalent to their conventional counterparts. (from original report by AMA: ) {{cite web}}: External link in |quote= (help)

     "REPORT 2 OF THE COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH (A-12): Labeling of Bioengineered Foods" (PDF). American Medical Association. 2012. Retrieved March 19, 2016. Bioengineered foods have been consumed for close to 20 years, and during that time, no overt consequences on human health have been reported and/or substantiated in the peer-reviewed literature. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

180. "Restrictions on Genetically Modified Organisms: United States. Public and Scholarly Opinion". Library of Congress. June 9, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2016. Several scientific organizations in the US have issued studies or statements regarding the safety of GMOs indicating that there is no evidence that GMOs present unique safety risks compared to conventionally bred products. These include the National Research Council, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Medical Association. Groups in the US opposed to GMOs include some environmental organizations, organic farming organizations, and consumer organizations. A substantial number of legal academics have criticized the US's approach to regulating GMOs.
181. "Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects". The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (US). 2016. p. 149. Retrieved May 19, 2016. Overall finding on purported adverse effects on human health of foods derived from GE crops: On the basis of detailed examination of comparisons of currently commercialized GE with non-GE foods in compositional analysis, acute and chronic animal toxicity tests, long-term data on health of livestock fed GE foods, and human epidemiological data, the committee found no differences that implicate a higher risk to human health from GE foods than from their non-GE counterparts.
182. "Frequently asked questions on genetically modified foods". World Health Organization. Retrieved February 8, 2016. Different GM organisms include different genes inserted in different ways. This means that individual GM foods and their safety should be assessed on a case-by-case basis and that it is not possible to make general statements on the safety of all GM foods.

     GM foods currently available on the international market have passed safety assessments and are not likely to present risks for human health. In addition, no effects on human health have been shown as a result of the consumption of such foods by the general population in the countries where they have been approved. Continuous application of safety assessments based on the Codex Alimentarius principles and, where appropriate, adequate post market monitoring, should form the basis for ensuring the safety of GM foods.

183. Haslberger, Alexander G. (2003). "Codex guidelines for GM foods include the analysis of unintended effects". Nature Biotechnolgy. 21: 739–741. doi:10.1038/nbt0703-739. These principles dictate a case-by-case premarket assessment that includes an evaluation of both direct and unintended effects.
184. Some medical organizations, including the British Medical Association, advocate further caution based upon the precautionary principle:

     "Genetically modified foods and health: a second interim statement" (PDF). British Medical Association. March 2004. Retrieved March 21, 2016. In our view, the potential for GM foods to cause harmful health effects is very small and many of the concerns expressed apply with equal vigour to conventionally derived foods. However, safety concerns cannot, as yet, be dismissed completely on the basis of information currently available.

     When seeking to optimise the balance between benefits and risks, it is prudent to err on the side of caution and, above all, learn from accumulating knowledge and experience. Any new technology such as genetic modification must be examined for possible benefits and risks to human health and the environment. As with all novel foods, safety assessments in relation to GM foods must be made on a case-by-case basis.

     Members of the GM jury project were briefed on various aspects of genetic modification by a diverse group of acknowledged experts in the relevant subjects. The GM jury reached the conclusion that the sale of GM foods currently available should be halted and the moratorium on commercial growth of GM crops should be continued. These conclusions were based on the precautionary principle and lack of evidence of any benefit. The Jury expressed concern over the impact of GM crops on farming, the environment, food safety and other potential health effects.

     The Royal Society review (2002) concluded that the risks to human health associated with the use of specific viral DNA sequences in GM plants are negligible, and while calling for caution in the introduction of potential allergens into food crops, stressed the absence of evidence that commercially available GM foods cause clinical allergic manifestations. The BMA shares the view that that there is no robust evidence to prove that GM foods are unsafe but we endorse the call for further research and surveillance to provide convincing evidence of safety and benefit.

185. Funk, Cary; Rainie, Lee (January 29, 2015). "Public and Scientists' Views on Science and Society". Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 24, 2016. The largest differences between the public and the AAAS scientists are found in beliefs about the safety of eating genetically modified (GM) foods. Nearly nine-in-ten (88%) scientists say it is generally safe to eat GM foods compared with 37% of the general public, a difference of 51 percentage points.
186. Marris, Claire (2001). "Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths". EMBO Reports. 2: 545–548. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve142.
187. Final Report of the PABE research project (December 2001). "Public Perceptions of Agricultural Biotechnologies in Europe". Commission of European Communities. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
188. Scott, Sydney E.; Inbar, Yoel; Rozin, Paul (2016). "Evidence for Absolute Moral Opposition to Genetically Modified Food in the United States" (PDF). Perspectives on Psychological Science. 11 (3): 315–324. doi:10.1177/1745691615621275.
189. "Restrictions on Genetically Modified Organisms". Library of Congress. June 9, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
190. Bashshur, Ramona (February 2013). "FDA and Regulation of GMOs". American Bar Association. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
191. Sifferlin, Alexandra (October 3, 2015). "Over Half of E.U. Countries Are Opting Out of GMOs". Time.
192. Lynch, Diahanna; Vogel, David (April 5, 2001). "The Regulation of GMOs in Europe and the United States: A Case-Study of Contemporary European Regulatory Politics". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
193. ^ "Jill Stein on vaccines: People have 'real questions'". Washington Post. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
194. ^ Yuhas, Alan (July 30, 2016). "Green party candidate Jill Stein accused of 'anti-vaxxer' sympathies". the Guardian. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
195. Willingham, Emily. "Jill Stein Sort Of Answers The Autism-Vaccine Question And No One Is Happy". Retrieved August 1, 2016.
196. Meyer, Robinson. "An Anti-Vaxer in the White House?". Retrieved August 2, 2016.
197. Peyser, Eve. "Jill Stein Deletes Tweet That Says "There's No Evidence That Autism Is Caused By Vaccines"". Retrieved August 1, 2016.
198. ^ The Young Turks (August 8, 2016), Green Candidate Jill Stein Isn't Anti-Vaccine, retrieved August 15, 2016
199. "Jill Stein thinks Wi-Fi could be dangerous for our brains". Retrieved August 1, 2016.
200. ^ CNN, Eli Watkins. "Anti-science claims dog Green Party's Jill Stein". CNN. Retrieved August 17, 2016. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
201. Foran, Clare (July 28, 2016). "Can Jill Stein Lead a Revolution?". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on July 28, 2016. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; July 29, 2016 suggested (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
202. "Stein Observes Juneteenth with a Call for Racial Justice and Reparations for Slavery". Jill 2016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2016.
203. "Jill Stein says Edward Snowden would be in her cabinet if she becomes president - WMNF". WMNF. July 13, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
204. Rehkopf, Bill (August 23, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE Jill Stein op-ed: In praise of WikiLeaks". Retrieved August 27, 2016.

External links

• Jill Stein for President campaign site
• Green Party Platform
• Dr. Jill Stein on Twitter
• Appearances on C-SPAN

Articles and interviews

• Not Your Average Jill Stein Interview, Forbes, October 3, 2012.
• Why Build the Green Party? – Jill Stein on Reality Asserts Itself. The Real News. February 15, 2015
• "Speech in Corvallis, Oregon, Jan. 21, 2016." —Audio recording.
• A Sick Society. Abby Martin with Dr. Jill Stein, The Empire Files via The Real News, April 3, 2016.
• Green Party's Jill Stein: What We Fear from Donald Trump, We Have Already Seen from Hillary Clinton. Democracy Now! June 9, 2016.
• Jill Stein, the Green Party’s Presumptive Presidential Nominee, Makes Inroads. Wall Street Journal. July 1, 2016.
• Green Party candidate Jill Stein makes campaign stop in Topeka. Topeka Capital-Journal. July 2, 2016.
• ‘On Contact With Chris Hedges’: Jill Stein on How, and Where, Revolution Can Actually Happen. Chris Hedges with Jill Stein, On Contact via Truthdig, July 31, 2016.

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