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Joseph Gales, Jr
Born	(1786-06-15)June 15, 1786 Eckington, Derbyshire
Died	June 21, 1860(1860-06-21) (aged 74) Washington DC
Resting place	Congressional Cemetery
Nationality	British/American
Occupation	Printer/Publisher/Reporter National Intelligencer
Known for	Mayor of Washington D.C., Founded St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square

Joseph Gales, Jr. (1786 – July 21, 1860) was an American journalist and the ninth mayor of Washington, D.C. from 1827 to 1830.

Early life

Joseph Gales, Jr was born in Eckington, Derbyshire, England. His father, Joseph Gales, Sr. (1760–1841), was a printer in Sheffield, who was compelled to emigrate to America in 1795 because of his republican principles. After living in Philadelphia from 1795 to 1799 where the elder Gales transcribed the debates in Congress and owned the Independent Gazetteer, he moved with his family to Raleigh, North Carolina. He was educated at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and in 1807 settled in Washington, where he became the assistant and partner of Samuel Harrison Smith in the publication of the National Intelligencer. In 1810 Gales became sole proprietor of the journal and made it a triweekly publication, and in 1813, having previously formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, William Winston Seaton, the paper was issued daily and so continued until 1867 (after the deaths of both publishers).

Printer

For many years Gales and Seaton were the official printers to Congress, and the files of the National Intelligencer, containing a running account of the debates in both Houses, are one of the most valuable sources of United States congressional history for more than a quarter of a century. Under the title of Annals of Congress, Gales and Seaton published (1834–56, in 42 volumes) the debates in Congress from 1798 to 1824, together with the more important documents and laws, and under the title of Register of Debates in Congress (29 volumes) continued the publication in similar form to cover the years (1824–37). Gales was long the sole reporter on the U.S. Senate.

Newspaper publisher

He began as a reporter for the National Intelligencer in 1807, Reporting the debates in Congress and went on to become the publisher of the newspaper, which appeared three times a week. He made it a daily paper in 1813, originally with a focus on congressional debates. Increasingly it became a political newspaper, spokesman for the opponents of Jackson and supporters of John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and the Whig Party. In 1851, the Washington Daily Globe replaced it as the official reporter for Congress, and circulation declined.

Societies

During the 1820s, Gales was a member of the prestigious society, Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day, including well-known representatives of the military, government service, medical and other professions.

Mayor of Washington

Gales was elected Washington Alderman in 1814. In 1827 the city council elected him to fill out the term of the resigning Roger C. Weightman. He was then elected to his own two-year term in 1828. As mayor, he broke ground on the District of Columbia's C&O Canal. He also established relief committees for the poor and dispossessed of Washington.

Later life

Gales died in 1860 and was buried in Congressional Cemetery.

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

References

1. U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Paintings > Joseph Gales
2. William E. Ames, A history of the National Intelligencer (University of North Carolina Press, 1972)
3. Rathbun, Richard. The Columbian institute for the promotion of arts and sciences: A Washington Society of 1816-1838. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, October 18, 1917. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
4. Belva Lockwood And The 'Way Of The World' Archived 2007-07-04 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

• Ames, William E. "The National Intelligencer: Washington's Leading Political Newspaper." Records of the Columbia Historical Society (Washington, DC, 1966): 71-83. in JSTOR
• Ames, William E. A history of the National Intelligencer (University of North Carolina Press, 1972)
• Eaton, Clement. "Winifred and Joseph Gales, Liberals in the Old South." Journal of Southern History 10.4 (1944): 461-474. in JSTOR
• Hunt, Gaillard. "Joseph Gales on the War Manifesto of 1812," American Historical Review (1908) 13#4 pp 303–10 in JSTOR

• Mayors of Washington, D.C.
• American publishers (people)
• American male journalists
• Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
• 1786 births
• 1860 deaths
• People from Eckington, Derbyshire
• English emigrants to the United States
• 19th-century American politicians