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RuneScape is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game by British developer Jagex Limited, programmed in Java. With over 9 million active free players and 850,000 paying members of active players, RuneScape is one of the top online games in the world. RuneScape offers both free and subscription content and is designed to be accessible from any location with an Internet connection and to run in an ordinary web browser without straining system resources.

RuneScape takes place in the fantasy-themed realm of Gielinor, which is divided into the Kingdoms of Misthalin, Asgarnia, and Kandarin, the tropical island of Karamja, the Kharidian Desert, the Wilderness, and various other areas. Players can travel throughout the game world on foot, or by use of vehicles or magical teleportation. Each region offers different types of monsters, materials, and quests to challenge players.

Players are shown on the screen as customizable avatars. They set their own goals and objectives, deciding which of the available activities to pursue. There is no linear path that must be followed. Players can engage in combat with other players or with monsters, complete quests, or increase their experience in any of the available skills. Players can also interact with each other through trading, chatting, or playing combative or cooperative mini-games.

History and development

Andrew Gower began work on the forerunner to RuneScape in 1998. This game, never released to the public, had isometric graphics and was titled "DeviousMUD". In 1999, Gower began to rewrite the game. Despite being completely rewritten, the second version was very similar to the first with the same graphics. This version was released as a public beta for approximately one week before it was withdrawn.

Gower began work on a complete rewrite as a Cambridge University undergraduate, with the assistance of his brother, Paul Gower. The isometric view was replaced by three-dimensional and two-dimensional sprites. The game, renamed RuneScape, was released to the public as a beta version on 4 January 2001. The game was operated from Gower's parent's house in Hottingham. In December 2001 , the Gower brothers and Constant Tedder formed Jagex to take over the business aspects of running RuneScape.

On 27 February 2002, Jagex launched an optional service. In order to gain access to a more extensive variety of features, players could choose to pay a monthly fee of £3.20, $5.00 United States dollars, or €8.40 per month when paid by credit card. Players can also pay through online services such as Pay Pal, by check or money order, or with their telephone number by paying additional fees to the payment provider. While not a new version, because the game still operated under the same game engine, this service significantly changed the focus of the game.

In addition to the use of Java as the programming language and platform used to develop RuneScape, Jagex has developed their own scripting language, known as Runescript, to aid in development of the game.

As technological advances kept coming over the years, Jagex began to make massive changes to RuneScape. Although they planned only a graphical update, Jagex instead worked to completely rewrite the game engine. They introduced a version that consisted entirely of three-dimensional graphics, with other significant improvements. While in development, this version was called RuneScape 2, although it has become simply RuneScape, with the original version being called RuneScape Classic to differentiate between them. A beta version was made available to paying members on 1 December 2003, and the finished version was launched on 29 March 2004. On 12 January 2006, play of RuneScape Classic was restricted to paying members who had played the original version recently. All other RuneScape Classic accounts were permanently banned and access for the creation of new accounts was removed from the servers.

On 16 May 2006, Jagex upgraded RuneScape's game engine, primarily as a back-end upgrade rather than a visible graphical boost. Most importantly, the amount of memory required to run RuneScape was significantly reduced, allowing the game to be expanded and improved without increasing its load time for most players. This is the current version of RuneScape being promoted by Jagex, and is the version most people associate with the word RuneScape.

Servers

Jagex maintains 134 servers in six countries. Servers are numbered and referred to as "worlds" by RuneScape players. Each of the 132 RuneScape servers has a capacity of 2,000 players, allowing 264,000 simultaneous players. The two RuneScape Classic servers are each limited to 1,250 players, allowing 2,500 simultaneous players.

RuneScape servers are located in the United Kingdom (21, including both RuneScape Classic servers), the United States (79), Canada (14), the Netherlands (6), Australia (6) and Sweden (8).

Graphics

RuneScape can be run with high or low-detail graphics; high-detail mode enhances texture and design, whereas low-detail provides a cleaner look and can reduce lag on older or less powerful computers. In February 2005, Jagex began the process of updating the graphical images in the RuneScape cities and the wilderness. Jagex plans ultimately to improve the graphics of the entire free area of RuneScape without causing more lag for people using dial-up Internet connections.

RuneScape places emphasis on allowing players to customise their characters by supplying a wide choice in character models. Unlike many games in the genre, player characters must be human; however, players can choose their appearance from a wide range of hairstyles, body types, facial features, clothing options, and gender. On-screen appearance is further optimised by wearing or wielding items, with each different item having a unique image. Appearance can also be radically changed with special equipment and during particular events. Players can be transformed by game characters or their surroundings into frogs, mushrooms, or small animals. Players using certain items can transform themselves into piles of stone, eggs, or monkeys, allowing them to avoid negative effects or gaining them access to otherwise unreachable places. Such "morphs" are temporary, and players cannot perform activities other than chatting while morphed. Players can transform themselves into imps, sheep, or rabbits by wearing armour or other items that conflict with their team god in the waiting area of the mini game "Castle Wars".

Each activity that a character performs has its own distinctive animation, from walking down a city street to planting a seed in a farming plot to sewing leather into a pair of gloves. Players can also express particular emotions whenever they choose through the use of "emotes." New players start with many of the available emotes, but others must be earned from quests or random events. Some emotes were able to be obtained only during past holiday events, and any player who did not participate in those events will never be able to obtain them.

Advertising

To support RuneScape's free content, Jagex displays advertisements above the playing screen on the free-player servers. On 13 July 2006, Jagex signed an exclusive marketing and distribution contract with WildTangent Games, which allows WildTangent to handle advertising in and around RuneScape in the United States. The deal also allows WildTangent to distribute RuneScape through the WildTangent Games Network, a distribution channel reaching over 20 million consumer PCs. WildTangent has stressed that this agreement will not change the way RuneScape is presented, and that they plan to make the presence of the advertisements, vital to RuneScape, as non-invasive as possible. Jagex moderators have stated that there will be no in-game advertisements. Since computer users may use advertisement blockers, Jagex has introduced a rule that prohibits players from blocking the advertisements in the free game, in order to encourage advertisers.

Gameplay

New players begin in a secluded area populated only by other beginners. They are led on a set path where they learn most of the skills needed to succeed in Gielinor. All players can access information from tutors located in the towns they explore. These NPCs can replace some basic equipment items if necessary. Since it takes many hours to develop a character, many players regard playing RuneScape as a lifestyle, not a side activity. Playing RuneScape can be addicting, and some people play RuneScape more than they do anything else.

Jagex has included music, sound effects, and ambient noises throughout Gielinor to enhance gameplay. The music, while often a simple tune,, is designed to enhance mood and help to define the underlying cultures of the various locations around Gielinor. Sound effects, such as the "sploosh" heard when a lobster trap is submerged in water, are heard as players train their skills. Ambient noises, such as the cry of seagulls flying over the ocean, occur in logical places. Players can turn the music and sounds off if they prefer.

Skills and combat

Skills in RuneScape are abilities that enable players to perform activities in the game. Players gain experience in a skill when they perform activities that utilise that skill, such as mining ore from a rock to increase the mining skill. In general, the higher the level required to perform a task, the more experience points the player receives, and the more desirable the result. The combined skill level of a player partly symbolises the player's status in the game. The RuneScape hiscores tables can be viewed by all players, and players with higher overall levels are well known. RuneScape has twenty-two trainable skills in four categories: combat (attack, strength, defence, magic, ranged, prayer, and hitpoints); extraction (mining, fishing, woodcutting, thieving, and farming); processing (smithing, cooking, crafting, runecrafting, fletching, and herblore); and independent (firemaking, agility, construction, and slayer).

Combat is an important aspect of the gameplay in RuneScape, as it is one of the most direct ways of gaining wealth and is needed to complete many quests. Combat level, determined by applying a formula to the seven combat skills, is usually referred to simply as "level". It is the only skill level visible to other players while in game. Other skill levels increase total levels and overall rankings for players, but not their combat levels.

Combat is subdivided into melee, magic, and ranged categories. Melee attacks are close range with or without weapons, magic attacks focus on using runestones to cast spells, and ranged moves use projectile weapons. Most of the game's weapons are medieval or fantastical in nature and feature different strengths and weaknesses.

Unlike other games in the genre, RuneScape does not require players to choose a character class. Players are not bound to a specific category of combat, and they may freely change between the three forms of combat at any time simply by switching weapons, armours, or methods of attack. Players can even carry the weapons and armours of all three combat categories in their inventories, switching between or even combining the forms at will.

Quests in RuneScape are one-time adventures located throughout the realm of Gielinor. They serve a variety of purposes. The novice quests act as tutorials to acquaint new users with the various skills and abilities they will need in the game and are usually linear in nature. The harder quests are designed to challenge experienced players to resolve a world conflict, which may open up a new area to be explored for fun or profit. All quests include a reward, such as money, rare or valuable items, access to an area, an increase in skill experience or quest points. As demonstration of a player's prior accomplishments and ability, a certain number of quest points are required to begin certain quests. Some quests are part of an overlapping storyline, the most famous of which has been in RuneScape for several years and currently contains seven separate quests. On 15 March 2006, Jagex released the one-hundredth RuneScape quest, which is a sequel to the first quest.

Interaction

Many non-player characters (NPCs) populate the realm of Gielinor. Although some NPCs, such as shopkeepers, have game functions that require them to be unavailable for combat, many NPCs can be attacked. Attackable NPCs are generally referred to as monsters, whether they are human, demi-human, animal, elemental, or demonic. Monsters range from common, low level creatures like chickens and bears to unique, much more powerful monsters like the King Black Dragon, Chaos Elemental, or Kalphite Queen. Each type of monster has its own strengths and weaknesses. Demons, for example, have low defence against magical attacks while dragons have extremely high defence against magic. Monsters may also be aggressive (attacking any player who comes within range, regardless of level), non-aggressive (not attacking players unless provoked, regardless of levels), or partially aggressive (attacking only those players who are within a predetermined number of levels above or below their own level). This can make certain areas within the game dangerous to players depending upon their own combat levels.

RuneScape features a number of independent mini-games for its players. Mini-games take place in certain areas and normally involve a specific skill. Many mini-games require players to cooperate or compete with each other. Popular mini-games include Castle Wars and pest control.

Players can fight against other players in player versus player (PvP) combat in certain areas of Gielinor. The most common place is in the Wilderness (RuneScape), where players risk their lives as well as their items, challenging other players. Players can engage in PvP combat without risking their items in mini-games, such as Castle Wars and the TzHaar Fight Pit, and in combat arenas in player owned houses. In the Duel Arena, players must agree on the rules of engagement and the stake before combat between them begins.

Random events

Random events are short interludes that occur during the game, requiring some form of player input. They were introduced to deter players from using automated programs, known as macros or bots, to play the game with no human interaction. Postings in the RuneScape forums by Andrew Gower suggest that random events were designed not only to hinder macroers but to alleviate the monotony that can occur while leveling skills for long periods of time (referred to as grinding).

Some random events are simple, requiring a player only to click on an NPC or to leave the area temporarily; others require the player to navigate a labyrinth, answer a question, or imitate another NPCs actions. Players must respond to these events quickly and correctly in order to avoid a negative effect, such as being teleported across the map. Players correctly responding to random events can receive rewards or experience.

In the event of a broken Internet connection, characters can still be active within the game, allowing random events to occur. As some random events cause damage to players, this could kill a legitimate player who is not using macros. For this reason, random events are a controversial part of the game.

Community

Players of RuneScape represent a wide range of nationalities and ages; however, because the game is currently only available in English, almost all players speak English to some extent. Players who speak languages other than English tend to gravitate to worlds that are populated by other players who speak the same language. For example, some worlds have a greater percentage of players who speak Spanish, Dutch, French, or German. It is not uncommon, however, to see many different languages on the chat screens throughout RuneScape. According to Constant Tedder, the company is starting to focus on translating RuneScape into different European languages, especially German.

A group of official forums created entirely by Jagex programmers is available to players on the RuneScape website. By accessing the forums, paying members are able to participate in game discussions, make arrangements to buy or sell items, and interact with the community. Free players can read the forums but are unable to post messages. The RuneScape forums are quite diverse, allowing thousands of players to access them at any given time. Each forum has its own specific list of rules enforced by forum moderators.

Players can submit questions to any NPC in the game. Selected letters are answered in an update called Postbag from The Hedge at the end of each month. This feature of the site started on 26 September 2005 and has since become one of the most accessed pages of the site. From 24 September 2002 through 9 December 2004, players could submit questions to the RuneScape gods; however, the gods will no longer communicate so directly with mortal beings.

A number of fansites have been established for RuneScape. Jagex does not support or recognize any of the fansites and has introduced the Knowledge Base to provide players with an alternative, official site to get the information they want or need.

Criticism

RuneScape has been criticized for several of its primary components, such as graphics and gameplay. Some paying members of the RuneScape community argue that RuneScape's graphics are substandard. Because RuneScape is designed to run in a web browser and download quickly, its graphics do not compare particularly well with desktop PC games. Some disagree with this compromise, whereas others argue that the quality of a game does not depend solely on its graphics, and point out that the graphics actually compare quite well with other browser based games. Tasks in RuneScape are frequently criticised for being repetitive, requiring users to click repeatedly in the same pattern to train skills. Jagex designed the farming skill with this criticism in mind, but their efforts to make it less repetitive were criticised for making the process of gaining experience too complicated.

The RuneScape community as a whole has been criticized. Attempted scamming is common in RuneScape. Scammers use diverse methods to trick players into trading items for much less than they are worth or into revealing their passwords. Players attempting to take advantage of the game use automated scripts, or bots, to play the game for them, which is against the game rules. Jagex has taken various measures to prevent cheating, such as introducing random events that require immediate human response and providing safety warnings in the player trading system. In response to automated scripts, Jagex has banned over 15,000 accounts through a macro detection system. RuneScape chat filters have the ability to censor words and letter combinations that may be offensive to players. Players are often able to use intentional misspellings, leetspeak, or symbols to bypass the filter. To combat this, Jagex is continually making changes to the filter, most of which are successful in alleviating some of the problems. Some changes, however, have unexpected results, blocking legitimate words. For example, the word "fletching", which is the name of a trainable skill in the game, was blocked for a period of time in August 2006.

Business aspects of the RuneScape organization have fallen under criticism. RuneScape has been criticised for not having enough free content or not updating the free content often enough. While RuneScape does have a considerable amount of free content, most updates and features for high-level players are limited to paying members. Additionally, due to the limited number of customer support employees, some players have expressed dissatisfaction with Jagex's customer support. Jagex has increased the size of their customer support team and has expanded the online Knowledge Base in order to alleviate some of these problems.

Jagex has enabled the abilities to pay for a member's subscription through text messaging, by sending a short message to a certain phone number, after which Jagex will reply with a password to enable a member's account, and charge the membership fee to the phone service. Parents are beginning to get anxious about this because children who have access to a cellphone can just pay for the account without their parents' knowledge.

Footnotes

1. "WildTangent Explores RuneScape" - GameDaily BIZ, 17 July 2006. Retrieved 30 July 2006.
2. "Virtual gamers reveal themselves" - BBC News, 7 October 2004. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
3. RuneScape world map (Image). Retrieved 2006-06-15. {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |distributor= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
4. ^ Wingfield, Nick (2006-10-05). "The Knights of Networking; Online Fantasy Game RuneScape Has Dull Graphics, but It's Free, Luring Millions to Play, Mingle". Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc. p. B.1. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
5. "DeviousMUD". DeviousMUD.tripod.com. 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-11. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |month=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
6. ^ Dodson, Sean. "Life: Online: Rune to move: A modest, Cambridge based company has taken on the giants and developed a popular online role playing game." The Guardian, Manchester, UK 11 Dec. 2003.
7. ^ "What is Jagex?". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |month=, and |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help)
8. "Benefits for Members". Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-17. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |month=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
9. "Progress Update". RuneScape Behind the Scenes News. Jagex. 2006-09-18. Retrieved 2006-09-21. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
10. "The biggest update ever..." - RuneScape Game Updates News, 13 February 2003. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
11. RS2 Launched - RuneScape Game Updates News. Retrieved 30 July 2006
12. "Nearly 5000 RS-classic accounts banned" - RuneScape Customer Support News, 12 January 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2006
13. Game engine update - RuneScape Game Updates News. 16 May 2003.
14. "6 new Australian servers online!" - RuneScape Technical News, 28 December 2005. Retrieved 4 March 2006.
15. RuneScape news RuneScape Game Updates News, 22 Feb 2006. Retrieved 31 July 2006
16. "How do I get started?". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
17. "Easter 2006 Event guide". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
18. "Castle Wars Guide". RuneScape Tips. 2006-08-31. Retrieved 2006-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
19. Salmoneus (2006). "Holiday Items". Sal's Realm of RuneScape. Retrieved 200610-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
20. ^ "GameDAILY: WildTangent Explores RuneScape". CBS SportsLine. 2006-07-17. Retrieved 2006-08-08. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
21. "WildTangent Sells Ads in Runescape Online Game". MediaBuyerPlanner. 2006-07-13. Retrieved 2006-08-08. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
22. "Runescape:Rules of Conduct:Rule 15-Advert Blocking". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-11. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
23. ciruiz88 (2002-06-14). "RuneScape:"Addicting as hell... but with room for improvements"". Gamespot GameFAQs. Retrieved 2006-08-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |month=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
24. Black_Cheese (2006-02-27). "RuneScape: "It's fun for a while, but it gets old pretty quickly"". Gamespot GameFAQs. Retrieved 2006-08-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |month=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
25. Cloud8976 (2005-03-30). "RuneScape". GamersInfo. Retrieved 2006-08-10. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |month=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
26. "Skills". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-14. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
27. "Fighting-The Basics". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
28. "Melee-The Basics". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-14. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
29. "Magic-The Basics". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-14. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
30. "Ranged-The Basics". RuneScape Knowledge Base. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-14. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
31. "mini-Games & Mini-Quests". Sal's Realm of RuneScape. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
32. "Wilderness Survival Guide". Sal's Realm of RuneScape. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
33. "Random Events Guide". RuneScape Tips. 2006-07-13. Retrieved 2006-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
34. Salmoneus (2006). "Random Events". Sal's Realm of RuneScape. Retrieved 2006-10-14. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
35. "RuneScape Forums: Code of Conduct". RuneScape Forums. Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-14. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
36. Letter Archives - Jagex. Retrieved 31 July 2006.
37. "New Improved Game Guide Released!". RuneScape Website News. Jagex. 2006-03-13. Retrieved 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
38. ^ Archae The Great (2002-03-19). "RuneScape: "It could be ALOT better but it's still fun"". Gamespot GameFAQs. Retrieved 2006-08-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |month=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
39. "Over 15000 RuneScape accounts banned for cheating" - RuneScape Customer Support News 19 January 2006. Retrieved 30 July 2006.
40. Game Engine update - RuneScape Customer Support News 16 May 2006. Retrieved 31 July 2006
41. "RuneScape:Benefits for Members". Jagex. 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |month=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
42. "New Improved Game Guide Released" - RuneScape.com, 13 March 2006. Retrieved 24 July 2006.
43. Papworth, Jill (2006-10-07). "Money: Mobiles: The hidden message for parents: Children can pay for an online computer game by using the credit on their phones, as Jill Papworth discovered to her cost". The Guardian. Guardian Newspapers Limited. p. 7. Retrieved 2006-10-09. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

• RuneScape - The official RuneScape website
• Jagex site - The official Jagex site
• Knowledge Base - The official RuneScape guide
• Forums - The official RuneScape forums

Wiki

• RuneScape Wiki

Official affiliates

• Miniclip (runescape.com)
• Mofunzone (runescape.com)

Fansite

• Rune HQ - Fansite with the most traffic

• Browser-based games
• Java platform games
• Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
• Miniclip games
• RuneScape