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Ćmielów Porcelain Works

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Ćmielów Porcelain offices, Ćmielów
Ćmielów Porcelain logo, ulica Biskupia 11 (11 Bishop Street), Kraków, Poland

The Ćmielów Porcelain Firm (Template:Lang-pl), in Ćmielów, Holy Cross Province, Poland, is the oldest and one of the largest porcelain factories in that country, and the biggest tin-walled china factory in Europe, its products described as "likely the most recognizable Polish porcelain". The firm traces its history to craft manufactories that were established in Ćmielów in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

History

The firm traces its history to a craft manufactory that was established in the town of Ćmielów in 1790. Another milestone was the 1804 creation of a larger manufactory by Count Jacek Małachowski. Production of porcelain began in 1838 (previously, local ceramic production had been mostly of simpler varieties such as faience). In 1901 the firm received a grand prize at the All-Russia Exhibition in St. Petersburg. The manufactory changed owners several times, in 1921 becoming a joint-stock company. In 1924 the firm acquired a smaller works in nearby Chodzież.

In 1946 the firm was nationalized in communist Poland. Also that year, workers at the factory staged a strike protesting a three-month shortage of flour.

Half a decade later, in 1997, the firm was reprivatized and in the mid-2010s was split between two owners (Polskie Fabryki Porcelany „Ćmielów” i „Chodzież” SA; and Fabryki Porcelany AS).

Designs

From the mid–19th century, Ćmielów products were often decorated with landscapes, scenes, or individuals.

During the interwar period, the firm's flagship products designed by, among others, Bogdan Wendorf, became known internationally, with buyers including the Belgian royal court and the Vatican. Other notable designers working for the firm included Wincenty Potacki, Franciszek Kalfas, Józef Szewczyk, and Lubomir Tomaszewski.

The firm's Empire design was created in the 1930s by B. Wysocki and J. Steckiewicz, to the order of Polish President Ignacy Mościcki, for Warsaw's Royal Castle. The design is used in official settings throughout the world, including the registrar’s office of the President of the Republic of Poland.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the firm produced "new-look" decorative Ćmielów figurines. New owners in post-communist Poland endeavored to renew their hand-made production and published a catalog. In 2004 the owners renewed their collaboration with artists Lubomir Tomaszewski and Mieczysław Naruszewicz, who had been behind the success of the 1960s figurines.

Ćmielów ceramics are exhibited in numerous Polish museums, the largest collection being at the National Museum in Kielce (Muzeum Narodowe w Kielcach).

References

  1. Polish Foreign Trade. Foreign Trade Publicity and Pub. Enterprise Agpol. 1986. p. 32. products from Ćmielów, the oldest Polish porcelain factory with a history going back close on 200 years
  2. Myślińska, Anna (2016). ""Od manufaktury magnackiej do przemysłu. Ceramika ćmielowska w zbiorach Muzeum Narodowego w Kielcach", Magdalena Śniegulska-Gomuła, Kielce 2015 : [recenzja]" (PDF). Studia Muzealno-Historyczne (in Polish). 8: 251–254. Wyroby tej najstarszej w Polsce, czynnej do dzisiaj, wytwórni
  3. Kurtek, Katarzyna (2018-10-17). "Polska ceramika po 2000 roku". the biggest Polish porcelain factories as Ćmielów {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. https://culture.pl/en/article/polish-ceramics-history
  5. ^ Klekot, Ewa (2017). "Sprawczość w fabryce porcelany". Kultura Popularna (in Polish). 52 (02): 92–107. ISSN 1644-8340. chyba najlepiej rozpoznawalna w Polsce krajowa wytwórnia porcelany
  6. ^ Klekot, Ewa (2017). "Sprawczość w fabryce porcelany". Kultura Popularna (in Polish). 52 (02): 92–107. ISSN 1644-8340.
  7. ^ Kwaśnik- Gliwińska, Anna (2016). [http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Rocznik_Muzeum_Narodowego_w_Kielcach/Rocznik_Muzeum_Narodowego_w_Kielcach-r2006- t22/Rocznik_Muzeum_Narodowego_w_Kielcach-r2006-t22-s59-66/Rocznik_Muzeum_Narodowego_w_Kielcach-r2006-t22-s59-66.pdf "Ceramika ćmielowska w zbiorach Muzeum Narodowego w Kielcach"] (PDF). Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Kielcach (in Polish): 59–66. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Text "volume22" ignored (help); line feed character in |journal= at position 8 (help); line feed character in |title= at position 51 (help); line feed character in |url= at position 117 (help)
  8. https://books.google.com/books?id=RD3-e7Zx-rEC&pg=PA250&dq=%C4%86miel%C3%B3w+communist&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwik44yP3cruAhWD7KQKHVHzBLwQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=%C4%86miel%C3%B3w%20communist&f=false
  9. ^ https://culture.pl/en/article/polish-ceramics-history
  10. Barbara Banaś, Polski new look. Ceramika użytkowa lat 50. i 60, Wrocław, Studio Baka, 2011. ISBN 978-83-933926-0-5.
  11. "Minister załatwia kontrakt AS Ćmielów"
  12. "Najlepsze porcelanowe wzornictwo z manufaktury AS Ćmielów", February 25, 2020

Further reading

  • Bolesława Kołodziejowa; Zbigniew M. Stadnicki; Janusz Podlecki (1986). Zakłady Porcelany Ćmielów. Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza w Krakowie. ISBN 978-83-03-01336-1.
  • A. Kwaśnik-Gliwińska, Ceramika ćmielowska w zbiorach Muzeum Narodowego w Kielcach i Zakładów Porcelany Stołowej w Ćmielowie, Sandomierz, 1979.
  • Dokumenty wytwórni porcelany „Świt” w Ćmielowie, opracował J. Moniewski, Radom, 1997.
  • Fabryka fajansu w Ćmielowie za dyrekcji Adolfa Fryderyka Vatkego: 1808-1837, oprac. J. Moniewski, Radom, 2007.

External links

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