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Revision as of 06:40, 27 May 2021 by Slake000 (talk | contribs)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) This article is about the language of Chittagong. For the city, see Chittagong.
| Chittagonian | |
|---|---|
| চাটগাঁইয়া | |
| চিটাইঙ্গা | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Native to | Bangladesh |
| Region | Chittagong region |
| Ethnicity | Bengali |
| Native speakers | 13 million (2006) to 16 million (2007) |
| Language family | Indo-European
|
| Writing system | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ctg |
| Linguist List | ctg |
| Glottolog | chit1275 |
| Linguasphere | 73-DEE-aa |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
Chittagonian Language (Template:Lang-ctg বুলি, Caṭgãia Buli) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh. It is generally considered to be a nonstandard dialect of Bengali because its speakers identify with Bengali culture and Standard Bengali as literary language, but the two are not mutually intelligible. It is estimated (2009) that Chittagonian has 13–16 million speakers, principally in Bangladesh.
Classification
Chittagonian is a member of the Bengali-Assamese sub-branch of the Eastern group of Indo-Aryan languages, a branch of the wider Indo-European language family. Its sister languages include Sylheti, Rohingya, Chakma, Assamese, and Bengali. It is derived through an Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan from Old Indo-Aryan, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | k | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | ɡ | |||
| breathy | bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | ɡʱ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | ts | tɕ | ||||
| aspirated | tɕʰ | ||||||
| voiced | dʑ | ||||||
| breathy | dʑʱ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f~ɸ | s | ʃ | x | h | |
| voiced | z | ɣ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Trill/Tap | ɾ~r | ɽ | |||||
| Approximant | lateral | l | |||||
| central | (w) | (j) | |||||
- Approximants are only heard as allophones of vowels /i u/.
- /ts/ can have a post-alveolar allophone of .
- /ʃ/ can have an allophone of .
- /f/ can have a bilabial allophone of .
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| High-mid | e | o | |
| Low-mid | (ɛ) | ɔ | |
| Low | æ | a |
- Nasalization occurs for seven vowels /ĩ ẽ æ̃ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ/.
- is heard as an allophone of /æ/.
Writing system
The Bengali-Chittagongian script is used to write this language.
Gboard for Android has added Chittagongian Keyboard.
Grammar
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Chittagongian grammar has significant variations in inflectional morphology (prefixes, suffixes, particles, etc.).
Singular | Plural
Fothú án (the picture) | Fothú Ğín (the pictures)
Fata wá (the leaf) | Fata Ğín (the leaves)
Tar gán(the wire) | Tar Ğin(the wires)
Faár gwá(the mountain) | Faár gún(the mountains)
Debal lán(the wall) | Debal lún(the walls)
Kitap pwá(the book) | Kitap pún(the books)
Manúish cwá(the man) | Manúish shún(the men)
Uggwá fata (a leaf) | Hodún fata(some leaves)
Ekkán fothú(apicture) | Hodigin Fothú (some pictures)
Fata uggwá(a leaf) | Fata hodún(some leaves)
Fothú ekkán(a picture) | Fothú hodien(some pictures)
Tar gán (the wire) | Tar Ğin (the wires)
Duar gán (the door) | Duar gin (the doors)
Vocabulary
Chittagonian | English
doiɟɟa | Sea
foir | Pond
fonna | Study
beinna | Morning
aɟuinna | Evening
ɛ̃robari | In-Law’s house
amoţţa | Again
Usage
Cplusbd Television currently broadcasting news in Chittagongian Language.
See also
References
- Chittagonian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007
- "Chittagonian written with Arabic script, Naskh variant". ScriptSource. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
- "Chittagonian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 25.
- ^ "Chittagonian A language of Bangladesh". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 16. "The dialect of Chittagong, in southeast Bangladesh, is different enough to be considered a separate language."
- "Summary by language size". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- Hai, Muhammad A. (1965). A study of Chittagong dialect. In Anwar S. Dil (ed.), Studies in Pakistani Linguistics. pp. 17–38.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Moniruzzaman, M. (2007). Dialect of Chittagong. In Morshed, A. K. M.; Language and Literature: Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- "Gboard for Android Adds Support for Over 20 New Languages". NDTV Gadgets 360. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
External links
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Bengali language  | |
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| Written Bengali | |
| Spoken Bengali | |
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| Literature | |
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| Personalities | |
| Mega-events | |
| Cinema | |
| Other | |
 Languages of Bangladesh | |
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| Official language | |
| Indo-European | |
| Sino-Tibetan | |
| Austroasiatic | |
| Dravidian | |
| Afro-Asiatic | |
| Sign | |