Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Salome mi (talk | contribs) at 10:07, 25 September 2021 (Undid revision 1046375561 by Salome mi (talk)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Bihor County Județul Bihor
County
Oradea, capital of Bihor County
Coat of arms
Location of Bihor County in Romania
Country	Romania
Historic region	Crișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)	Oradea
Government
• Type	County Board
• President of the County Board	Ilie Bolojan (PNL)
• Prefect	Dumitru Țiplea
Area
• Total	7,544 km (2,913 sq mi)
• Rank	6th in Romania
Highest elevation	1,849 m (6,066 ft)
Lowest elevation	89 m (292 ft)
Population
• Total	575,398
• Rank	11th in Romania
• Density	76/km (200/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code	41wxyz
Area code	+40 x59
ISO 3166 code	RO-BH
Car Plates	BH
GDP	US$4.048 billion (2015)
GDP per Capita	US$7,037 (2015)
Website	County Board County Prefecture
The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to attract funds from the European Union as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a civil servant. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or firing) from the civil service w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county

Bihor County (Romanian pronunciation: [biˈhor] ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea.

Toponymy

The origin of the name Bihor is uncertain, except that it likely takes its name from an ancient fortress in the current commune of Biharia. It possibly came from vihor, the Serbian and Ukrainian word for "whirlwind" (вихор), or Slavic biela hora, meaning "white mountain". Another theory is that Biharea is of Daco-Thracian etymology (bi meaning "two" and harati "take" or "lead"), possibly meaning two possessions of land in the Duchy of Menumorut. Another theory is that the name comes from bour, the Romanian term for aurochs (from the Latin word bubalus). The animal once inhabited the lands of northwestern Romania. Under this controversial theory, the name changed from buar to buhar and to Bihar and Bihor.

Demographics

In 2002, Bihor had a population of 600,246 and the population density was 79.56/km. 48.6% of its population lives in urban areas, lower than the Romanian average.

• Romanians - 67.38%
• Hungarians - 25.96%
• Roma - 5.01%
• Slovaks - 1.22%
• Germans (Sathmar Swabians) - 0.19%

On 31 October 2011, Bihor had a population of 575,398 and the population density was 72/km (186/sq mi).

• Romanians – 66.96%
• Hungarians – 25.27%
• Roma – 6.33%
• Slovaks – 1.1%
• Germans (Sathmar Swabians) – 0.13%

By religion

99.4% of the county's population are Christian and of these:

• Romanian Orthodox – 59.7%
• Reformed – 18.1%;
• Catholic – 11.5% (Roman Catholic – 9.2%; Greek Catholic – 2.3%)
• Pentecostal – 5.7%;
• Baptists – 3.7%;
• Adventist – 0.3%;

Year	County population
1948	536,323
1956	574,488
1966	586,460
1977	633,094
1992	634,093
2002	600,246
2011	575,398

Geography

This county has a total area of 7,544 km (2,913 sq mi). In the East side of the County there are the Apuseni Mountains with heights up to 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The heights decrease westwards, passing through the hills an ending in the Romanian Western Plain – the eastern side of the Pannonian plain.

The county is mainly the Criș hydrographic basine with the rivers Crișul Repede, Crișul Negru and Barcău the main rivers.

Neighbours

• Sălaj County, Cluj County and Alba County in the East.
• Hungary in the West – Hajdú-Bihar County and Békés County
• Satu Mare County in the North.
• Arad County in the South.

History

Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and mostly was contained in the Bihar County of the Kingdom of Hungary. The territory of Bihor County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized.

In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the prefects. Bihor County became part of Ținutul Crișuri.

In 1940, part of the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award. Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system.

Economy

Bihor is one of the wealthiest counties in Romania, with a GDP per capita well above the national average. Recently, the economy has been driven by a number of construction projects. Bihor has the lowest unemployment rate in Romania and among the lowest in Europe, with only 2.4% unemployment, compared to Romania's average of 5.1%.

The predominant industries in the county are:

• Textile industry.
• Food and beverages industry.
• Mechanical components industry.
• Metallurgy.

In the west side of the county there are mines for extracting coal and bauxite. Crude oil is also extracted.

Tourism

The main tourist attractions in the county are:

• The city of Oradea.
• The Apuseni Mountains:
  • The Stâna de Vale Resort and the Iada valley.
  • The Caves around Padiș and on the Sighiștel River Valley.
  • The Bear's Cave.
• Băile Felix Resort.

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bihor County was adopted in 1998, and is a quarterly shield featuring a castle (for the Castle of Bihar), five wheat stalks with a ribbon, and a scroll with the text of Deșteaptă-te, române!, covered with a fess featuring three fish. It was subject to redesign in 2013 after it was discovered by a local teacher that the text on the scroll was erroneously written in Greek, rather than Cyrillic (the original alphabet used to write the poem's text) or the Latin alphabet. The county has no significant history with Greece.

Politics

The Bihor County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 34 counsellors, with the following party composition:

Administrative divisions

Bihor County has four municipalities, six towns, and 91 communes.

Municipalities

• Beiuș
• Marghita
• Oradea – capital city; 196,367 (as of 2011)
• Salonta

Towns

• Aleșd
• Nucet
• Săcueni
• Ștei
• Valea lui Mihai
• Vașcău

Communes

• Abram
• Abrămuț
• Aștileu
• Aușeu
• Avram Iancu
• Balc
• Batăr
• Biharia
• Boianu Mare
• Borod
• Borș
• Bratca
• Brusturi
• Budureasa
• Buduslău
• Bulz
• Buntești
• Căbești
• Câmpani
• Căpâlna
• Cărpinet
• Cefa
• Ceica
• Cetariu
• Cherechiu
• Chișlaz
• Ciumeghiu
• Cociuba Mare
• Copăcel
• Criștioru de Jos
• Curățele
• Curtuișeni
• Derna
• Diosig
• Dobreşti
• Drăgănești
• Drăgești
• Finiș
• Gepiu
• Girișu de Criș
• Hidişelu de Sus
• Holod
• Husasău de Tinca
• Ineu
• Lăzăreni
• Lazuri de Beiuș
• Lugașu de Jos
• Lunca
• Mădăras
• Măgești
• Nojorid
• Olcea
• Oșorhei
• Paleu
• Pietroasa
• Pocola
• Pomezeu
• Popești
• Răbăgani
• Remetea
• Rieni
• Roșia
• Roșiori
• Sâmbăta
• Sâniob
• Sânnicolau Român
• Sânmartin
• Sântandrei
• Sârbi
• Săcădat
• Sălacea
• Sălard
• Spinuș
• Suplacu de Barcău
• Șimian
• Șinteu
• Șoimi
• Șuncuiuș
• Tămășeu
• Tărcaia
• Tarcea
• Tăuteu
• Tileagd
• Tinca
• Toboliu
• Tulca
• Țețchea
• Uileacu de Beiuș
• Vadu Crișului
• Vârciorog
• Viișoara

Historical county

Județul Bihor
County (Județ)
The Bihor County Prefecture building from the interwar period used until 1920.
Coat of arms
Country	Romania
Historic region	Crișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)	Oradea
Area
• Total	7,467 km (2,883 sq mi)
Population
• Total	510,318
• Density	68/km (180/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)

Administration

The territory of the county was divided into eleven districts (plăṣi)

1. Plasa Aleşd (comprising 41 villages, headquartered at Aleşd)
2. Plasa Beiuș (comprising 62 villages, headquartered at Beiuș)
3. Plasa Beliu (comprising 30 villages, headquartered at Beliu)
4. Plasa Ceica (comprising 47 villages, headquartered at Ceica)
5. Plasa Centrală (comprising 40 villages, headquartered at Oradea)
6. Plasa Marghita (comprising 43 villages, headquartered at Marghita)
7. Plasa Săcueni (comprising 11 villages, headquartered at Săcueni)
8. Plasa Sălard (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at Sălard)
9. Plasa Tileagd (comprising 28 villages, headquartered at Tileagd)
10. Plasa Tinca (comprising 26 villages, headquartered at Tinca)
11. Plasă Vașcău (comprising 44 villages, headquartered at Vașcău)

Within Bihor County there were three urban localities: Oradea (also known as Oradea Mare, the county seat) and urban communes Salonta and Beiuş.

Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 510,318, ethnically divided among Romanians (61.6%), Hungarians (30.0%), Jews (4.3%), Czechs and Slovaks (2.2%), as well as other minorities. By language the county was divided among Romanian (61.4%), Hungarian (33.8%), Czech (2.0%), Yiddish (1.5%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the population consisted of Eastern Orthodox (49.8%), Reformed (21.0%), Greek Catholics (10.7%), Roman Catholics (10.4%), Jews (5.4%), Baptists (2.2%), as well as other minorities.

Urban population

The county's urban population consisted of 102,277 inhabitants, 54.8% Hungarians, 26.4% Romanians, 15.4% Jews, 1% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian (67.9%) predominated, followed by Romanian (24.9%), Yiddish (4.3%), German (1.2%) as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 31.5% Reformed, 20.6% Jewish, 19.3% Roman Catholic, 17.5% Eastern Orthodox, 9.1% Greek Catholic, 1.1% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.

References

1. "Population at 20 October 2011" (in Romanian). INSSE. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
2. "Numele Bihorului. Etimologie şi controverse". Oradea Mea. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
3. Romanian 2002 Census
4. National Institute of Statistics, "Populaţia după etnie" Archived 16 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
5. Recensamantul Populatiei si Locuintelor 2011: Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune
6. Romania and Bihor County Census, 2002, (in Hungarian)
7. National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 și 2011" Archived 22 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
8. Totorean, Adriana (23 April 2013). "Blazon greşit: Stema judeţului Bihor va fi refăcută, deoarece conţine un detaliu penibil". Ebihoreanul (in Romanian). Retrieved 21 October 2017.
9. "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
10. Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Bihor
11. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 550-556

v t e Bihor County, Romania
Cities	Oradea (county seat) Beiuș Marghita Salonta
Towns	Aleșd Nucet Săcueni Ștei Valea lui Mihai Vașcău
Communes	Abram Aștileu Aușeu Avram Iancu Balc Batăr Biharia Boianu Mare Borod Borș Bratca Brusturi Budureasa Buduslău Bulz Buntești Căbești Câmpani Căpâlna Cărpinet Cefa Ceica Cetariu Cherechiu Chișlaz Ciumeghiu Cociuba Mare Copăcel Criștioru de Jos Curățele Curtuișeni Derna Diosig Dobrești Drăgănești Drăgești Finiș Gepiu Girișu de Criș Hidișelu de Sus Holod Husasău de Tinca Ineu Lăzăreni Lazuri de Beiuș Lugașu de Jos Lunca Mădăras Măgești Nojorid Olcea Oșorhei Paleu Petreu Pietroasa Pocola Pomezeu Popești Răbăgani Remetea Rieni Roșia Roșiori Săcădat Sălacea Sălard Sâmbăta Sâniob Sânmartin Sânnicolau Român Sântandrei Sârbi Șimian Șinteu Șoimi Spinuș Șuncuiuș Suplacu de Barcău Tămășeu Tărcaia Tarcea Tăuteu Țețchea Tileagd Tinca Toboliu Tulca Uileacu de Beiuș Vadu Crișului Vârciorog Viișoara

v t e Counties (județe) of Romania
Alba Arad Argeș Bacău Bihor Bistrița-Năsăud Botoșani Brașov Brăila Buzău Caraș-Severin Călărași Cluj Constanța Covasna Dâmbovița Dolj Galați Giurgiu Gorj Harghita Hunedoara Ialomița Iași Ilfov Maramureș Mehedinți Mureș Neamț Olt Prahova Satu Mare Sălaj Sibiu Suceava Teleorman Timiș Tulcea Vaslui Vâlcea Vrancea

47°04′20″N 21°55′16″E / 47.0722°N 21.9211°E / 47.0722; 21.9211

• Bihor County
• Counties of Romania
• Hungarian communities in Romania
• 1925 establishments in Romania
• 1938 disestablishments in Romania
• States and territories disestablished in 1938
• States and territories established in 1925
• 1940 establishments in Romania
• 1950 disestablishments in Romania
• 1968 establishments in Romania
• States and territories established in 1940
• States and territories disestablished in 1950
• States and territories established in 1968