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COVID-19 vaccination in the United States

United States. Percentage with at least one vaccination dose. See Commons source for date of last upload. US territories: GU = Guam. AS = American Samoa. MP = Northern Mariana Islands. VI = Virgin Islands. Associated states: RP = Republic of Palau. FM = Federated States of Micronesia. MH = Marshall Islands.
Date	December 14, 2020 (2020-12-14) – present
Location	United States Compact of Free Association:  Palau  Marshall Islands  Micronesia
Cause	COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Organized by	Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Participants	241,520,561 people have received at least one dose administered of Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna or Janssen (December 23, 2021) 204,740,321 people have been fully vaccinated (both doses of Pfizer–BioNTech or Moderna, or one dose of Janssen)
Outcome	73% of the United States population has received at least one dose of a vaccine 62% of the United States population is fully vaccinated
Website	COVID-19 Vaccine: CDC COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States

The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the United States is an ongoing mass immunization campaign for the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first granted emergency use authorization to the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine on December 10, 2020; mass vaccinations began on December 14, 2020. The Moderna vaccine was granted emergency use authorization on December 17, 2020, and the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) vaccine was granted emergency use authorization on February 27, 2021. By April 19, 2021, all U.S. states had opened vaccine eligibility to residents aged 16 and over. On May 10, 2021, the FDA approved the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for adolescents aged 12 to 15. On August 23, 2021, the FDA granted full approval to the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine for individuals aged 16 and over.

The U.S. government first initiated the campaign under the presidency of Donald Trump with Operation Warp Speed, a public–private partnership to expedite the development and manufacturing of COVID-19 vaccines. Joe Biden became the new President of the United States on January 20, 2021. Biden began his term with an immediate goal of administering 100 million vaccine doses within his first hundred days in office, signing an executive order which included increasing supplies for vaccination. This goal was met on March 19, 2021. On March 25, 2021, he announced he would increase the goal to 200 million within his first 100 days in office. This goal was eventually reached on April 21, 2021.

By July 4, 2021, 67% of the United States' adult population had received at least one dose, just short of a goal of 70%. This goal was eventually met on August 2, 2021. While vaccines have helped significantly reduce the number of new COVID-19 infections nationwide, states with below-average vaccination rates began to see increasing numbers of cases credited to the highly infectious Delta variant by July 2021, which led to an increased push by organizations and companies to begin imposing de facto mandates for their employees be vaccinated for COVID-19.

On September 9, 2021, President Biden announced plans by the federal government to use executive orders and emergency temporary standards enforced by OSHA to mandate the vaccination of all federal branch employees, and require that all companies with more than 100 employees regularly test all employees who are not yet fully vaccinated for COVID-19. On January 26, 2022, OSHA completely withdrew the vaccine mandate for companies with more than 100 employees due to a ruling from The Supreme Court of the United States that blocked the mandate.

As of November 2021, according to The Commonwealth Fund, COVID-19 vaccination in the United States has prevented an additional 1.1 million deaths, an additional 10.3 million hospitalizations, and an additional 35.9 million infections from COVID-19.

Vaccination program

The map below is for the percent of people fully vaccinated for COVID-19 by state. Right now, two of the three COVID-19 vaccines used in the U.S. require two shots to be fully vaccinated. The other vaccine requires only one shot. Booster doses are recommended for people age 12 and older. Additional shots are recommended in some cases.

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Total number of people who have received vaccinations in the United States as of March 5, 2022

Vaccines administered per pharmaceutical company as of February 10, 2022

Vaccines were distributed to states on a population basis, with the vaccine rollouts being administered by each individual U.S. state. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention suggested that hospital workers and nursing home personnel be the first individuals vaccinated. The subsequent phases of the rollout are determined by each individual state agency.

The CDC has issued cards that can be used to track vaccine progress and serve as a proof of vaccination when requested (such as during international travel). States such as California and New York have offered a digital immunity passport accessible via a mobile app.

Eligibility of non-citizens

On February 1, 2021, the Department of Homeland Security said it "fully support equal access to the COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine distribution sites for undocumented immigrants" and that related federal agencies "will not conduct enforcement operations at or near vaccine distribution sites or clinics".

States may have intended that vaccines be prioritized for their residents ahead of tourists, but there was some difficulty communicating and enforcing this. Some American adults have no driver's license, and the United States does not automatically provide each citizen with identity documentation in a centralized system. Furthermore, when people did not show up for their vaccine appointments, many clinics vaccinated anyone else who happened to show up so that the doses would not be wasted. As a result, some tourists as well as undocumented immigrants were vaccinated.

As of early February 2021, states including Florida, California, New York, and Texas were specifically trying to restrict "vaccine tourism": brief visits to the U.S. with the primary intention of obtaining a vaccine. However, contrary to rumors that spread on social media, the United States did not have a policy of cancelling visas or imposing fines on tourists who sought vaccination. Diplomats pointed out that the B1/B2 tourist visa allows people to seek medical treatment while within the United States, even if they do not turn out to be eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine.

As of May 13, 2021, according to the Colombian newspaper El Tiempo, the following U.S. states were not requiring foreigners to present proof of residency to receive the vaccine: Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Wyoming. Thousands of Latin Americans were booking travel to the United States and being vaccinated in the country. Vaccination centers in some U.S. states were accepting foreign passports as valid identification. Travel agencies were advertising "vaccination tourism," and the U.S. embassy in Peru, for example, advised that travelers to the United States could seek vaccination. The governor of Alaska announced that, as of June 1, any international visitor over age 12 could be vaccinated in Alaska and vaccines would be available at airports for convenience.

Background

From early 2020, more than seventy companies worldwide (with five or six operating primarily in the U.S.) began vaccine research. 28 different vaccines are being worked on and developed using the research provided by those companies. The global competition had national security implications for various countries.

In preparation for large-scale production, Congress set aside more than $3.5 billion for this purpose as part of the CARES Act. Among the labs working on a vaccine is the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, which has previously studied other infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, ebola, and MERS. By March 18, tests had begun with dozens of volunteers in Seattle, sponsored by the U.S. government, and similar safety trials were planned for other potential vaccines. Bill Gates, whose foundation shifted its focus nearly entirely to the pandemic, anticipated in early 2020 that a vaccine could be ready by early 2021.

On August 5, 2020, the United States agreed to pay Johnson & Johnson more than $1 billion to create a hundred million doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The deal gave the U.S. an option to order an additional two hundred million. The doses were supposed to be provided for free to Americans if they are used in a COVID-19 vaccination campaign.

On August 31, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released their outline for how the COVID-19 vaccine would be administered and distributed across the entire country.

BIO, a trade group of all COVID-19 vaccine makers except AstraZeneca, tried to persuade Secretary Azar to publish strict FDA guidelines that would help ensure the safety and public uptake of the vaccine. Politics impacted scientific practice, however, when chief of staff Mark Meadows blocked the FDA when it was realized that the timing of the provisions would make it impossible for a vaccine to be authorized before the November election. Ultimately, the guidelines emerged from the Office of Management and Budget and were published on the FDA website.

As of October 2020, 44 were in clinical trials on humans, and 91 pre-clinical vaccines were being tested on animals. Most of these trials were underway.

On November 20, 2020, the Pfizer–BioNTech partnership submitted a request for emergency use authorization (EUA) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the FDA announced that its Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) would review the request. An EUA is a mechanism under the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013 that permits products not yet fully approved by the FDA to be used as part of a current state of emergency.

On December 11, the FDA granted emergency use authorization for the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine. An initial shipment of 2.9 million doses were scheduled to be distributed rapidly, and Pfizer promised to continue supplying the rest of the hundred million doses through March 2021. Pfizer had adequate stocks available and began this distribution on December 17, 2020, but the federal government reduced the amount Pfizer was allowed to distribute.

On December 18, 2020, the FDA granted the Moderna vaccine emergency use authorization, which Moderna had requested on November 30, 2020. The U.S. planned to rapidly distribute 5.9 million doses with more to come later.

Despite his involvement in spurring their development via Operation Warp Speed, Trump largely downplayed vaccines during his final months in office, and both Trump and First Lady Melania Trump received the vaccine in private before Joe Biden took office as the new president in January 2021.

On February 27, 2021, the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine was granted emergency use authorization by the FDA for use. However, this vaccine has faced backlash from some government officials, believing it to be not as effective as Pfizer or Moderna. On March 5, the mayor of Detroit, Mike Duggan, rejected a shipment of the Janssen vaccine, saying, "Moderna and Pfizer are the best. And I am going to do everything I can to make sure the residents of the city of Detroit get the best." After backlash, Duggan declared he would no longer decline the vaccine.

On March 11, 2021, President Biden announced that he would direct all states to make vaccines available to all adults no later than May 1. On April 6 he said he would direct states to make all adults eligible for vaccination by April 19. This deadline was met after several states opened up vaccination to everyone 16 and above the same day.

On March 26, 2021 Ocugen submitted its master file for Covaxin a conventional inactivated vaccine to the FDA. In June the FDA suggested that the company go the longer route to gain full FDA approval instead of emergency use authorization.

As of May 2021, most experts thought the United States would be unable to achieve herd immunity, at least in the near term, given insufficient demand for the vaccines. On that note, many sources are saying the new variants last longer than 14 days, such as those found at home and abroad.

On July 6, Biden announced plans for more targeted outreach in order to reach under-vaccinated populations, such as shifting from larger mass clinics to having wider availability at community locations and events, and going "neighborhood by neighborhood, and oftentimes, door to door—literally knocking on doors—to get help to the remaining people protected from the virus"

On July 16, the FDA approved a request by Pfizer to give its vaccine a priority review designation, meaning that final approval of the vaccine would be pursued on an expedited timetable. While priority review processes usually take up to six months, it was expected that the Pfizer vaccine may be approved within weeks. On August 23, the FDA announced that it had formally approved the Pfizer vaccine for individuals 16 and over. It remains subject to EUA for individuals aged 12 to 15.

Incentives

Efforts have been made by private businesses to help encourage vaccination, including ridesharing services offering free transport to vaccine clinic sites, and promotional incentives and discounts being offered to those who present proof of a recent vaccination. Free items included beer, pizza, crawfish, donuts, and french fries. Some sports teams established partnerships to offer vaccine clinics at their venues on game days, with free tickets to games offered to those who use the clinics. Free cannabis was available in Washington State when getting a vaccine at a dispensary.

Massachusetts ran a free lottery for fully vaccinated people, and gave out $6.5 million to ten people in the form of cash and scholarships. Ohio ran a similar lottery, Maine gave away hunting licenses, and West Virginia gave away $100 savings bonds.

Vaccines on order

Vaccine	Submitted (EUA)	Emergency use Authorization	Deployment	Submitted (Full)	Full Approval
Pfizer–BioNTech	November 20, 2020	December 11, 2020	December 14, 2020	May 7, 2021	August 23, 2021
Moderna	November 30, 2020	December 17, 2020	December 21, 2020	June 1, 2021	January 31, 2022
Janssen	February 4, 2021	February 27, 2021	March 1, 2021	No	No
Covaxin	March 26, 2021 (ages 18+) November 5, 2021 (ages 2-18)	Pending	No	No	No
Novavax	January 31, 2022	Pending	No	No	No
Astrazeneca	—	—	No	No	No
Sanofi–GSK	No	No	No	No	No

Vaccine distribution

Listed in millions,

As of February 16, 2022

•   Pfizer–BioNTech
•   Moderna
•   Janssen
•   Not Identified

Booster doses

On August 12, 2021, the FDA amended the EUA for the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines in order to allow a third, booster dose for patients who are immunocompromised or have received organ transplants. Director of the CDC Rochelle Walensky stated in a press briefing that "certain people who are immune compromised, such as people who have had an organ transplant and some cancer patients, may not have had an adequate immune response to just two doses of the ." In an interview with Today, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Anthony Fauci stated that "inevitably, there will be a time when we'll have to give boosts . What we're doing literally on a weekly and monthly basis is following cohorts of patients to determine if, when and whom should get it. But right now at this moment, other than the immune compromised, we're not going to be giving boosters to people." The World Health Organization (WHO) discourages the use of booster shots for COVID-19 in developed countries, as they would divert supplies away from the unvaccinated.

On August 18, 2021, Walensky and acting Commissioner of the FDA Janet Woodcock released a joint statement indicating that, pending FDA approval, booster doses for the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines could become generally available by the week of September 20, for those who had received their second dose at least eight months prior. They stated that that protection against severe outcomes or death "could diminish in the months ahead, especially among those who are at higher risk or were vaccinated during the earlier phases of the vaccination rollout", such as health care workers and seniors.

On September 17, 2021, the FDA Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee voted unanimously against recommending that booster doses of the Pfizer vaccine be distributed to the general public, citing the lack of evidence that a third dose is safe for younger populations. On September 23, Walensky officially approved the distribution of Pfizer booster doses to certain populations six months after their second dose, including those who are 65 and over, those with underlying conditions, and those who work in high-risk settings. On October 14, 2021, the committee recommended a half-dose booster for the Moderna vaccine among the same populations.

The next day, the committee also recommended that a second dose be generally distributed for the Janssen vaccine, at least two months after the first. An FDA analysis cited that a single dose of the vaccine had a consistently lower efficacy in comparison to the mRNA vaccines.

Timeline

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2022)

December 2020

On December 10, 2020, the FDA granted emergency use to the Pfizer vaccine. On December 14, 2020, the first vaccine doses were administered. Sandra Lindsay of Queens, New York City, was the first American to be administered an FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine. The Moderna vaccine was granted emergency use authorization three days later, on December 17.

On December 21, President-elect Joe Biden publicly received his first dose of the Pfizer vaccine during a media event at Christiana Hospital in Delaware. The event was intended as a means by the incoming Biden administration to boost public confidence in the vaccines. Biden stated that Trump "deserve some credit getting this off the ground with Operation Warp Speed", and told the press "It's going to take time, and in the meantime—I don't want to sound a sour note here—but I hope people listen to all the experts." Vice President-elect Kamala Harris received her first dose of the Moderna vaccine on December 29, also in public.

March 2021

On March 12, 2021, the United States surpassed 100 million doses administered.

Over the course of the month, seven states (Arkansas, Mississippi, Ohio, Connecticut, Arizona, Texas, and Georgia) made the vaccine available to all adults, following a period of selective vaccination for elderly and other vulnerable populations. California and Washington announced that all adults would be eligible for a vaccine starting April 15. Indiana announced that it would make vaccines available to university students and would specifically facilitate the transfer of vaccines to university-based vaccine clinics, including one such clinic at the University of Notre Dame. On Day 58 (March 19) of the Biden administration, it achieved its goal of administering 100 million doses within its first 100 days. On March 25, the administration set a new goal of administering 200 million doses in its first 100 days.

April 2021

On April 3, more than four million doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were reported administered in the past 24 hours, setting a new record and bringing the seven-day average to more than three million a day. As of April 11, more than 187 million vaccine doses have been administered. On April 13, the CDC and FDA issued a statement recommending a pause in the use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine "out of an abundance of caution" after six women aged 18 through 48 developed a rare and severe type of blood clot called cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; on April 23, the recommended pause was lifted. By April 19, all U.S. states had made Americans aged 16 and older eligible for vaccination.

On April 22, the Biden administration announced that it had achieved its new goal of 200 million vaccine doses administered within its first 100 days. As of April 28, the CDC reported an average of 2.7 million daily vaccinations over the past week.

May 2021

On May 4, 2021, Biden announced a new target of having at least 70% of U.S. adults receive one vaccine dose by July 4.

On May 10, 2021, the FDA granted emergency use authorization for the Pfizer vaccine for use on adolescents aged 12–15, making the United States the second country in the world, after Canada, to do so. On May 12, Director of the CDC Rochelle Walensky approved the recommendation. On May 25, the Biden administration announced that 50% of adults had been fully vaccinated.

June 2021

By June 2021, the pace of vaccination had begun to decrease, amid increasing spread of the highly-infectious Delta variant across the country. On June 3, the White House announced additional private-sector partnerships in order to expand targeted outreach and vaccine availability, including an initiative to promote and offer vaccines through Black-owned barber shops throughout June, and a partnership with brewery Anheuser-Busch—who pledged in a promotional campaign to offer a "free beer" to all adults over 21 if the country met Biden's 70% goal.

The United States passed 600,000 Covid deaths on Tuesday, June 15, more than 200 times higher than the number of lives lost during the attacks of September 11, 2001. By late-June, one-quarter of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. were attributable to the Delta variant. Dr. Fauci warned that vaccination disparities could lead to "two Americas" where less vaccinated U.S. populations were at much higher risk of COVID-19.

July 2021

The U.S. missed Biden's 70% goal by approximately three million residents, or 3%. Only 18 states reached the 70% goal among their local population. Generally, the goal was met for adults 27 and over, but not for younger populations. By early-July 2021, the number of daily COVID-19 cases in the U.S. had declined by around 90% since the peak in January. However, cases had also begun to increase in parts of the country with below-average vaccination rates, and hesitancy towards the vaccine had become a partisan issue: a poll by The Washington Post and ABC News found that 86% of self-identified Democrats surveyed had received at least one dose, as opposed to 45% of self-identified Republicans, the 18 states that did reach 70% of first doses by July 4 were all won by Biden during the 2020 election, and a July 8 report by KFF found that the average vaccination rate in counties that voted for Biden was growing in comparison to those that voted for Trump.

Anti-vaccination rhetoric increased among conservatives, including Republican politicians and right-wing media outlets (such as Fox News and Newsmax) promoting misinformation and conspiracy theories (such as falsely claiming that the Biden administration would impose mandatory door-to-door vaccination—an exaggeration of Biden's recently announced plans for targeted outreach), Republican lawmakers attempting to inhibit vaccine outreach, and state laws to prohibit "discrimination" against the unvaccinated (which effectively ban vaccine mandates).

On July 15, Surgeon General Vivek Murthy warned that health-related misinformation was a public health threat. The next day, President Biden accused social networking service Facebook of "killing people" by enabling the spread of vaccine misinformation. On July 19, after criticism from Facebook over the comments, Biden stated that they were based on a report suggesting that approximately 12 social media users were responsible for at least 60% of vaccine misinformation, and clarified that "Facebook isn't killing people, these 12 people are out there giving misinformation. Anyone listening to it is getting hurt by it. It's killing people. It's bad information". He went on to explain that "My hope is that Facebook, instead of taking it personally that somehow I'm saying Facebook is killing people, that they would do something about the misinformation, the outrageous misinformation about the vaccine".

In late-July, amid increasing COVID-19 hospitalizations in a number of Republican-led states, some Republican politicians became more vocal in promoting vaccination, including Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, Senator of Texas John Cornyn, and former Surgeon General Jerome Adams. Governor of Florida Ron DeSantis—who has been critical of Fauci and COVID-19 restrictions—stated in a press appearance that vaccines were "saving lives" and "reducing mortality" (citing the majority of hospitalizations being unvaccinated individuals), while criticizing mask mandates as displaying a lack of confidence in the efficacy of vaccines. McConnell used campaign funds to purchase radio advertisements in his home state of Kentucky to promote vaccination; the ad features McConnell discussing his childhood battle with Polio, and stating that the development of multiple safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines in such a short time was "nothing short of a modern medical miracle", in comparison to the "decades" it took to develop a Polio vaccine.

A number of conservative commentators also abruptly made statements in support of vaccination, including Fox News hosts Steve Doocy and Sean Hannity during broadcasts of Fox & Friends and Hannity respectively, Newsmax CEO and Trump confidant Christopher Ruddy (who praised Biden in an op-ed for "making a huge dent" in the pandemic by embracing and prioritizing the rollout of the "effective vaccine" inherited from the Trump presidency), and conservative commentator Ben Shapiro. However, Hannity subsequently walked back his remarks on his radio show and Hannity, arguing that he never urged his viewers to get the vaccine, and adding the caveat that they should get the vaccine "if it's right for you", after doing "all of your research" and speaking with medical professionals that they trust.

On July 26, 2021, a number of organizations announced that they would mandate the vaccination of their employees, including the American Medical Association and American Nurses Association, and frontline health care workers of the Department of Veterans Affairs. California and New York City announced that all government employees would be subject to weekly testing if they are not vaccinated.

On July 29, President Biden similarly announced that unvaccinated federal employees and on-site contractors will be subject to mandatory social distancing, masks, weekly or bi-weekly COVID-19 testing, and limitations on work travel. Biden cited Delta variant and a "pandemic of the unvaccinated" as justification for the measures. He also announced that the federal government planned to use funds from the American Rescue Plan to reimburse small and medium-sized businesses for paid time off for employee vaccine appointments (similar to paid time off provided for voting in elections), and called for states to offer $100 payments to the newly vaccinated using American Rescue Plan funding as an "extra incentive to boost vaccination rates, protect communities, and save lives." Biden stated that "I know that paying people to get vaccinated might sound unfair to folks that have gotten vaccinated already but here's the deal: if incentives help us beat this virus, I believe we should use them."

August 2021

On August 1, the CDC reported that there had been a 24% week-over-week increase in the number of first doses administered, especially in states with lower vaccination rates. As of August 2, at least 70% of U.S. adults had received at least one vaccine dose. On August 6, the CDC reported that half of the U.S population has been fully vaccinated. Several major cities announced or approved plans to restrict access to non-essential indoor locations such as cinemas, restaurants, and other entertainment venues, to those who are vaccinated.

The FDA gave full approval to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine on August 23 for patients 16 and older, prompting President Biden to encourage those who had been waiting for full approval to get vaccinated. Anthony Fauci projected that at least 20% of unvaccinated Americans "will now step forward and get vaccinated" due to the approval. With the approval, it was also announced that the Department of Defense was preparing guidance requiring the vaccination of military members for COVID-19, with press secretary John Kirby stating that this would "ensure the safety of our service members and promote the readiness of our force, not to mention the health and safety of the communities around the country in which we live."

October 2021

On October 20, the White House said it had enough Pfizer-BioNTech pediatric vaccine for every child in the country age 5–11 and that it expected federal health officials to approve the vaccine within weeks, upon which approval the White House planned to begin distributing the doses. Dr. Fauci said on October 24 that it seemed likely that the FDA might approve the vaccine for distribution in early November. On October 29, 2021, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the emergency use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for children 5 through 11 years of age. Vice President Harris received her booster shot of the Moderna vaccine on October 30.

Vaccination mandates

Vaccinations by state and territory

This section may have misleading content. Please help clarify the content. (July 2021)

Number of people who have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Also, the percentage by state or territory.

As of December 23, 2021.

State/Territory	Vaccinated	% of pop.
Alabama	2,489,954	58.1%
Alaska	473,411	64.7%
Arizona	4,858,243	66.7%
Arkansas	1,881,140	62.3%
California	32,416,845	82.0%
Colorado	4,262,561	74.0%
Connecticut	3,128,940	87.8%
Delaware	741,038	76.1%
Florida	15,887,600	74.0%
Georgia	6,439,993	60.7%
Hawaii	1,219,631	86.1%
Idaho	928,594	52.0%
Illinois	9,069,775	71.6%
Indiana	3,877,885	57.6%
Iowa	2,035,520	64.5%
Kansas	2,002,194	68.7%
Kentucky	2,773,832	62.1%
Louisiana	2,651,149	57.0%
Maine	1,145,891	85.2%
Maryland	4,821,957	79.8%
Massachusetts	6,188,074	89.8%
Michigan	6,298,825	63.1%
Minnesota	4,005,557	71.0%
Mississippi	1,644,289	55.2%
Missouri	3,805,955	62.0%
Montana	659,768	61.7%
Nebraska	1,276,272	66.0%
Nevada	2,121,602	68.9%
New Hampshire	1,314,238	95.0%
New Jersey	7,354,692	82.8%
New Mexico	1,681,126	80.2%
New York	16,126,203	82.9%
North Carolina	7,906,885	75.4%
North Dakota	471,496	61.9%
Ohio	7,024,797	60.1%
Oklahoma	2,589,735	65.4%
Oregon	3,106,530	73.7%
Pennsylvania	9,898,704	77.3%
Rhode Island	929,695	87.8%
South Carolina	3,208,049	62.3%
South Dakota	621,704	70.3%
Tennessee	3,988,659	58.4%
Texas	19,222,170	66.3%
Utah	2,144,450	66.9%
Vermont	553,280	88.7%
Virginia	6,688,229	78.4%
Washington	5,726,746	75.2%
West Virginia	1,103,589	61.6%
Wisconsin	3,947,193	67.8%
Wyoming	321,280	55.5%
50 states	235,035,945	70.5%
American Samoa	40,116	84.6%
District of Columbia	615,813	87.3%
Guam	140,416	83.3%
Northern Mariana Islands	43,069	83.1%
Puerto Rico	2,821,540	88.3%
US Virgin Islands	62,918	59.2%
U.S. territories	3,723,872	81.0%
United States	238,759,817	75.7%
Marshall Islands	26,005	33.5%
Micronesia	48,364	47.3%
Palau	18,739	87.0%
Compact of Free Association	93,108	55.9%
USA + CoFA	238,852,925	65.8%

Vaccinations in the U.S. military

On August 9, 2021, all servicemembers received a memo explaining that, under a plan endorsed by President Biden and by military leadership, COVID-19 vaccination would become mandatory within about a month. About a third of active U.S. military service members had already been vaccinated as of late April; and about two-thirds (73% of all service members) had already been vaccinated by the time the memo was sent.

The U.S. Navy had been the fastest to begin vaccination in early 2021. As of April 22, 2021, considering active military personnel who had received at least one dose, the U.S. Navy had the highest percentage at 51%, the Marines at 36%, the Air Force/Space Force at 34%, and the Army at 27%. By late May, at least 58% of active military personnel had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

As of April 9, 2021, 39% of U.S. Marines to whom the military offered the vaccine had refused it. The highest rate of refusal was at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, where 57% of Marines had refused the vaccine.

On August 23, 2021, the Pfizer-BioTech vaccine got its full FDA approval, prompting vaccinations to be required for all active duty, reserve, and National Guard troops starting August 25. By the time the vaccination requirement order was sent out, only 68% of active-duty troops were fully vaccinated.

On September 1, 2021, the U.S. Navy mandated vaccination of all active-duty Navy sailors and U.S. Marines by November 28 and of reservists by December 28. On September 3, 2021, the U.S. Air Force mandated vaccination of all active-duty airmen and U.S. Space Force Guardians by November 2, while Air Force reservists had until December 2. On September 14, 2021, the U.S. Army mandated vaccination of all active duty soldiers by December 15 and of reservists by June 30, 2022.

Vaccine certificates

The U.S. does not issue a federally mandated COVID-19 certificate nor a digital proof that would allow venues to check the vaccine status of participants consistently. CDC vaccine cards that contain personal information including patient numbers and place of vaccinations are accepted in those European countries where American military personnel are stationed. However, those cards are not immediately transferrable to EU Digital COVID Certificates since CDC cards are not digitally validated and do not contain a counterfeit-proof or unique identifier. Asian countries have similar health certificate requirements for entering their territories. The lack of a federal system for checking COVID-19 status has put the United States in a disadvantage compared to nations in Europe and Asia.

Public opinion

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2022)

The Kaiser Family Foundation conducts ongoing polling and analysis in a project called the KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor. It considers demographics including age, race, political party, education, and insurance status when examining vaccine hesitancy. A KFF study in December 2020 showed that 27% of the general public, and 29% of health careworkers, were hesitant to be vaccinated.

In December 2020 a Gallup poll found that 63% of Americans were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

Safety concerns about the currently available vaccines are a primary factor in vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Most unvaccinated adults are not confident in the safety of the available vaccines and while 63% of parents are confident the vaccines are safe for adults only about half of those who are confident in safety for adults are confident they are safe for ages 12-17 and its further reduced for even younger age groups. The need for more research for the vaccines is the most stated reason given by parents for not wanting to have their child vaccinated.

Political leanings are reflected in vaccine hesitancy. Early in the pandemic, before vaccines were available, a poll conducted May 20–21, 2020, found that 44% of Republicans and 19% of Democrats believed a debunked conspiracy theory that Bill Gates was plotting to use a COVID-19 vaccine to inject microchips into the population. Months after vaccination began, a Monmouth poll conducted April 8–12, 2021, found that two-thirds of Democratic voters had already been vaccinated but only one-third of Republican voters had done so. A Quinnipiac poll conducted on the same dates found that 45% of Republicans said they did not plan to be vaccinated. The New York Times wrote that the vaccination program was "hitting what appears to be a soft ceiling" as it moved to dealing with the demographic groups where vaccine hesitancy was stronger.

In January 2021, approximately one third of the population was concerned the vaccine might be made mandatory.

A Frank Luntz poll in mid-April 2021 found a rise in vaccine confidence from the previous month, despite the pause of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine.

A later poll by The Washington Post and ABC News found that 86% of self-identified Democrats surveyed had received at least one dose, as opposed to 45% of self-identified Republicans.

In July 2021, The New York Times noted that there were two groups of Americans who remained hesitant to get the vaccine, the first group being "a mix of people but tend to be disproportionately white, rural, evangelical Christian and politically conservative" and the second group being "a broad range of people, but tend to be a more diverse and urban group, including many younger people, Black and Latino Americans, and Democrats."

See also

• Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines
• COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
• COVID-19 vaccine
• Ohio Vax-A-Million

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External links

• COVID-19 Vaccinations in the United States CDC.
• Tracking COVID-19 vaccines in the US. CNN.

v t e COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Timeline early cases 2020 2021 Data by state chart Testing Vaccination mandates misinformation and hesitancy Misinformation
Locations	States and D.C. Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California timeline S.F. Bay Area Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland timeline Massachusetts timeline Boston timeline Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York New York City timeline North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Columbus Oklahoma Oregon Portland Pennsylvania Philadelphia Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas timeline Austin Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Washington, D.C. White House West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Territories and other areas American Samoa Guantanamo Bay Naval Base Immigration detention Guam Navajo Nation Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Ships Grand Princess USS Theodore Roosevelt
Responses	Government response Pre-pandemic exercises Crimson Contagion Event 201 Federal government response Trump administration communication Operation Warp Speed Biden administration COVID-19 action plan State and local government responses state responses California government response New York government response Texas government response Regional responses Eastern States Multi-state Council Midwest Governors Regional Pact Western States Pact Eviction moratoriums House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic White House Coronavirus Task Force COVID-19 Advisory Board Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups Hospital ships USNS Mercy USNS Comfort 2020 Oval Office address Paycheck Protection Program Pandemic Response Accountability Committee Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission Legislation Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 Families First Coronavirus Response Act CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act HEROES Act HEALS Act American Rescue Plan Private response Center for COVID Control Covid Act Now COVID Tracking Project MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund Media 30 Rock: A One-Time Special Acting for a Cause Digital Drag Fest Home Movie: The Princess Bride iHeart Living Room Concert for America Make It Work! Saturday Night Seder Saturday Night Live at Home Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate The Disney Family Singalong Volume II Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration Together at Home Saving Our Selves A Parks and Recreation Special Rise Up New York! "U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss" Dear Class of 2020 #Graduation2020 Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020 We Are One: A Global Film Festival Global Goal: Unite for Our Future A Killer Party The Disney Holiday Singalong WrestleMania 36 Ratatouille the Musical Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial 93rd Academy Awards 74th Tony Awards Stars in the House
Impacts	Social 2020 presidential election postal voting 2021 hospital crisis Abortion Congressional insider trading scandal Education Face masks Foster care Microsoft Teams Protests Open the States George Floyd Election United States Capitol attack Racial disparities African-American communities Native American communities Sports Television programs affected The Walt Disney Company Zoom Video Communications 2022–2023 pediatric care crisis Economic Meat industry Recession Restaurant industry Stock market crash Strikes Alabama aluminum plant strike Allegheny Technologies strike Bath shipbuilders' strike Columbia University strike Frito-Lay strike HarperCollins strike Heaven Hill strike Hunts Point Produce Market strike John Deere strike Kellogg's strike Mercy Hospital strike Michigan graduate students' strike Nabisco strike Oregon Tech strike Saint Vincent Hospital strike St. Charles Bend strike St. Paul Park refinery strike University of Illinois Hospital strikes Virginia Volvo Trucks strike Warrior Met Coal strike
Notable people	Federal Jerome Adams Scott Atlas Alex Azar Joe Biden Deborah Birx Rick Bright Anthony Fauci Pete Gaynor Brett Giroir Stephen Hahn Ashish Jha Ron Klain Nancy Messonnier Vivek Murthy Peter Navarro Mike Pence Gustave F. Perna Robert R. Redfield Todd T. Semonite Moncef Slaoui Andy Slavitt Donald Trump Rochelle Walensky Jeff Zients State and local Amy Acton Eric Adams Greg Abbott Kate Brown Andrew Cuomo Dave A. Chokshi Bill de Blasio Ron DeSantis Mike DeWine Eric Garcetti Kathy Hochul Larry Hogan Jay Inslee Jim Kenney Brian Kemp Ned Lamont Lori Lightfoot Phil Murphy Gavin Newsom J. B. Pritzker Gretchen Whitmer Tom Wolf Scientists Yaneer Bar-Yam Carl Bergstrom Mandy Cohen Kizzmekia Corbett Natalie Dean Eric Feigl-Ding Céline Gounder Scott Gottlieb Peter Hotez Akiko Iwasaki Ashish Jha Marc Lipsitch Syra Madad Lauren Meyers Michael Mina Michael Osterholm Kimberly Prather Caitlin Rivers
COVID-19 portal

• COVID-19 vaccination in the United States
• COVID-19 vaccination by country
• Vaccination in the United States