Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by LightandDark2000 (talk | contribs) at 21:50, 18 April 2022 (Update.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article may be affected by the following current military offensive: 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Information in this article may change rapidly as the event progresses. Initial news reports may be unreliable. The last updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. Please feel free to improve this article (but note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed) or discuss changes on the talk page. (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

A request that this article title be changed to Battle of Mariupol (2022) is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed.

Siege of Mariupol
Part of the Eastern Ukraine offensive of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Date 24 February 2022 – present (2 years, 10 months and 4 days) Location Mariupol, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine Status Ongoing Russian forces completely besiege the city on 2 March Russian forces reach the center of Mariupol on 18 March Russian forces divide the Mariupol pocket into two pockets on 10 April, and then 3 pockets on 13 April 95% of the city is destroyed
Belligerents
Russia  Donetsk PR	Ukraine
Commanders and leaders
Aleksandr Dvornikov (Commander of Russian forces in Ukraine) Mikhail Mizintsev (Head of NDCC) Andrey Sukhovetsky † (41st CAA, place of death disputed) Adam Delimkhanov Oleg Mityaev † (150th Rifle Div.) Andrei Paliy † (Black Sea Fleet landing forces) Colonel Alexei Sharov † (810th Marine Brig.) Ruslan Geremeyev Denis Pushilin Timur Kurilkin	Volodymyr Baranyuk [uk] (36th Naval Infantry Brig.) Denys Prokopenko (Azov Battalion) Serhiy Volyna (36th Naval Infantry Brig.) Svyatoslav Palamar (Azov Battalion)
Units involved
Russian Armed Forces  Russian Ground Forces 41st CAA 8th Guards CAA 150th Rifle Division  Russian Navy Black Sea Fleet  Russian Naval Infantry 810th Marine Brigade Rosgvardiya Kadyrovites North Battalion  Russian Air Force DPR Armed Forces Mariupol-Khingan Naval Infantry File:Somalia Battalion flag.png Somalia Battalion	Armed Forces of Ukraine Inside Mariupol:  Ukrainian Marine Corps 36th Marine Brigade National Guard of Ukraine 12th Operation Brigade Azov Battalion Other involved units:  Ukrainian Ground Forces 10th Assault Brigade 56th Motorized Brigade Territorial Defense Forces
Strength
14,000 personnel	Per Ukraine: 3,500 personnel 800 Azov Battalion members Per Russia: 8,000 personnel
Casualties and losses
Per Ukraine (15, 20 & 28 March): 350 killed	Per Russia: 4,000+ killed, 1,464 captured, 1–4 Mil Mi-8 helicopters shot down
Per Ukraine: 21,000+ civilians killed 20,000–30,000 people deported to camps and remote cities in Russia

The Siege of Mariupol is an ongoing military engagement between Russia and Ukraine which began on 24 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, as part of the Eastern Ukraine offensive. The city of Mariupol is located in the Donetsk Oblast in Ukraine and is claimed by the Russian-backed separatist Donetsk People's Republic. Russian forces completely besieged the city on 2 March, after which they gradually gained control of the city. The Red Cross described the situation as "apocalyptic", and Ukrainian authorities have accused Russia of engineering a major humanitarian crisis in the city, with city officials reporting that about 21,000 civilians have been killed.

Background

The city of Mariupol is considered a major strategic city and target for Russian forces. Mariupol is the largest city in the Ukrainian-controlled portion of Donetsk Oblast. Mariupol is a major industrial hub, home of the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works, and is the largest city on the Sea of Azov.

Control of its port on the western shore of the Sea of Azov is vital to the economy of Ukraine. For Russia, it would accommodate a land route to Crimea as well as allowing passage by Russian marine traffic. Capturing the city would give Russia full control over the Sea of Azov.

In May 2014, during the War in Donbas, forces of the separatist and Russian-backed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) attacked the city and forced Ukrainian forces to retreat during the Battle of Mariupol. However, the following month, Ukrainian forces recaptured the city with an offensive. A few months later in September, the DPR attempted to capture it for the second time, which again failed. In October, the then DPR Prime-Minister Alexander Zakharchenko vowed to retake the city. The conflict was frozen when the Minsk II ceasefire agreement was signed in 2015. One of the most instrumental groups for the recapture of Mariupol was the Azov Battalion, an Ukrainian neonazi volunteer militia. By September 2014 Azov was integrated into the National Guard of Ukraine, and set Mariupol as their headquarters. As one of Vladimir Putin's stated goals for the war is the "denazification" of Ukraine, Mariupol represents an important ideological target for the Russian forces.

Prior to the siege, around 100,000 residents left Mariupol according to the city's deputy major.

The city is defended by the Ukrainian Ground Forces, the Ukrainian Naval Infantry, the National Guard of Ukraine (primarily the Azov Battalion), the Territorial Defense Forces of Ukraine and irregular forces.

Siege

Preliminary shelling and advance on the city

On 24 February, the day the invasion began, Russian artillery bombarded the city, reportedly injuring 26 people.

On the morning of 25 February, Russian forces advanced from DPR territory in the east towards Mariupol. They encountered Ukrainian forces near the village of Pavlopil, with Ukrainian forces defeating the Russian advance. Vadym Boychenko, mayor of Mariupol, said that 22 Russian tanks had been destroyed in the skirmish.

The Russian Navy, drawing on the capabilities provided by the Black Sea Fleet, reportedly began an amphibious assault on the Sea of Azov coastline 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Mariupol on the evening of 25 February. An American defense official stated that the Russians may have deployed thousands of marines from this beachhead.

On 26 February, Russian forces continued to bombard Mariupol with artillery. Later, the government of Greece announced that ten ethnic Greek civilians had been killed by Russian strikes at Mariupol, six in the village of Sartana and four in the village of Buhas.

On the morning of 27 February, Boychenko said that a Russian tank column had advanced on Mariupol from the DPR, but this attack was repulsed by Ukrainian forces, with six Russian soldiers captured. Later that day, a 6-year-old girl in Mariupol was killed by Russian shelling. Pavlo Kyrylenko, governor of Donetsk Oblast, stated that fighting in Mariupol had continued throughout the night of 27 February.

Throughout 28 February, the city remained under Ukrainian control, despite being surrounded by Russian troops and constantly shelled. Electricity, gas, and internet connection to most of the city was cut during the evening. Later, according to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Russian Major General Andrey Sukhovetsky was killed by a Ukrainian sniper near Mariupol, but other sources said that he had been killed during the Kyiv offensive.

Mariupol surrounded

On 1 March, Denis Pushilin, the head of the DPR, announced that DPR forces had almost completely surrounded the nearby city of Volnovakha and that they would soon do the same to Mariupol. Russian artillery later bombarded Mariupol, causing over 21 injuries.

The city was fully surrounded on 2 March, after which the siege intensified. Russian shelling killed a teenager and wounded two other teenagers when they were playing soccer outside. Boychenko announced the city was suffering from a water outage and had experienced massive casualties. He also said Russian forces were preventing civilians from exiting.

Later on 2 March, Russian artillery targeted a densely populated neighborhood of Mariupol, shelling it for nearly 15 hours. The neighborhood was massively damaged as a result, with deputy mayor Sergiy Orlov reporting that "at least hundreds of people are dead".

On the morning of 3 March, the city was shelled again by Russian troops. Eduard Basurin, the spokesman for the DPR militia, formally called on the besieged Ukrainian forces in Mariupol to surrender or face "targeted strikes". Russian Ministry of Defense spokesman Igor Konashenkov reported that DPR forces had tightened the siege, and that three nearby settlements had been captured.

On 4 March, Boychenko stated that the city's supplies were running out, and called for a humanitarian evacuation corridor and Ukrainian military reinforcements. He also stated that Russian BM-21 Grads were shelling the city's hospitals and that Mariupol residents no longer had heat, running water, or electricity. Later that day, a temporary ceasefire was proposed for the Mariupol region in order to allow citizens to evacuate.

On 5 March, the Ukrainian government announced its desire to evacuate 200,000 civilians from Mariupol. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) announced that it would act as a guarantor for a new ceasefire to allow for this evacuation. The Red Cross described the situation in Mariupol as "extremely dire". After three days of shelling, a ceasefire was announced to be in effect from 11:00 to 16:00. Civilians began to evacuate from Mariupol along a humanitarian corridor to the city of Zaporizhzhia. As civilians entered the evacuation corridor, Russian forces continued shelling the city, forcing evacuees to turn back.

Ukrainian authorities later reported that Russian forces had failed to observe the ceasefire and continued to shell the city. Russian officials accused Ukrainian forces of not allowing civilians to evacuate towards Russia. The DPR reported that only 17 civilians had been evacuated from Mariupol.

On 6 March, the Red Cross announced that a second attempt to evacuate civilians from Mariupol had again failed. Anton Herashchenko, a Ukrainian official, said the second attempt at a humanitarian corridor for civilians in Mariupol ended with a Russian bombardment. The Red Cross reported that there were "devastating scenes of human suffering" in Mariupol. Later in the morning, Inna Sovsun, a Ukrainian member of parliament, stated that the fuel pipeline that supplies Mariupol was damaged by Russian forces, leaving more than 700,000 people without heat, and suggesting that people may freeze to death, as the temperature at the time often fell below 0 °C (32 °F). The bombardment also hit the city's last functioning cellular tower.

On 7 March, the ICRC Director of Operations stated that humanitarian corridor agreements had only been made in principle, without the precision required for implementation, needing routes, times and whether goods could be brought in to be agreed. The ICRC team had found that one of the proposed corridor roads was mined, and the ICRC was facilitating talks between Russian and Ukrainian forces.

On 8 March, another attempt to evacuate civilians was made, but the Ukrainian government accused Russia of violating the ceasefire again by bombing the evacuation corridor.

On 9 March, the Associated Press reported that scores of Ukrainian civilians and soldiers were being buried by city workers in a mass grave at one of the city's cemeteries. Russian shelling had hit the cemetery the previous day, interrupting the burials and damaging a wall. Later, another attempted ceasefire failed after Orlov reported that Russian soldiers had opened fire on construction workers and evacuation points. Orlov described the city's supply shortage as so severe that residents were melting snow to get water. Later that day, the Mariupol City Council issued a statement that a Russian airstrike had struck and destroyed a maternity ward and children's hospital. Ukrainian officials stated that three civilians were killed and at least 17 wounded.

On the same day, satellite photos of Mariupol taken the morning of 9 March were reported by the science news outlet, Space.com, to show "extensive damage" to high-rise apartments, residential homes, grocery stores and other civilian infrastructure, based on a comparison of before and after photos. The company operating the space satellite and its cameras works for U.S. intelligence agencies and the US military.

Russian push into the city

Ukraine's military stated on 12 March that Russian forces had captured the eastern outskirts of Mariupol. Later, a vehicle convoy of 82 ethnic Greeks was able to leave the city via a humanitarian corridor.

On 13 March, Boychenko stated that Russian forces had bombed the city at least 22 times in the previous 24 hours, with a hundred bombs, and added that the last food and water reserves in the city were being depleted. The Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs said that the National Guard of Ukraine had damaged several Russian armored vehicles with artillery strikes during the day. İsmail Hacıoğlu, the head of the local Sultan Suleiman Mosque, stated that 86 Turkish citizens in the city were awaiting evacuation by the Turkish government.

More than 160 cars were able to leave the city on 14 March at 13:00 local time, the first evacuation allowed during the siege. The Russian Ministry of Defense stated that 450 tonnes of humanitarian aid had been brought to the city after Russian forces captured the outskirts. Ukrainian military officials were later said to have killed 150 Russian soldiers and destroyed 10 Russian vehicles.

On the same day, Ramzan Kadyrov, the head of Chechnya, stated that Chechen soldiers were participating in the siege and had briefly entered Mariupol before retreating. Kadyrov also stated that Adam Delimkhanov, a close ally and member of the State Duma, was the commander of Chechen forces in Mariupol. The funeral for Captain Alexey Glushchak of the GRU, was held in Tyumen, and it was revealed he died near Mariupol, likely in the early stages of the siege.

On 15 March, around 4,000 vehicles with about 20,000 civilians were able to leave the city.

Ukrainian government official Anton Herashchenko said that Russian Maj. Gen. Oleg Mityaev, commander of the 150th Motorized Rifle Division, was killed while Russian forces tried to storm the city. The Donetsk Regional Drama Theatre sheltering hundreds of civilians was hit by a Russian airstike on 16 March and destroyed. Pavlo Kyrylenko, the governor of Donetsk Oblast, later stated that Russian forces had also targeted the Neptune swimming pool.

On 18 March, DPR forces said they had captured the Mariupol airport from Ukrainian forces. Clashes later reached the city center according to the mayor and on 19 March, Russian and Ukrainian forces began fighting at the Azovstal steel plant.

The next day, the city council of Mariupol claimed Russian forces had forcefully deported "several thousand" people to camps and remote cities in Russia over the past week. The same day, Russia denied that this was happening.

Also on 20 March, an art school building, which had sheltered some 400 people, was destroyed in a Russian bombing. No information on casualties was immediately available.

An order by Russia's Ministry of Defence to surrender, lay down arms and evacuate the city was submitted on 20 March, requesting a written response by 02:00 UTC the next day. The ultimatum was rejected by the Ukrainian government and the mayor of Mariupol.

On 21 March, one of the Ukrainian battalion commanders in the city described "bombs falling every 10 minutes".

On 23 March, local authorities, including the mayor, left the city due to the deteriorating situation. The following day, Russian forces entered central Mariupol, seizing the Orthodox Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God. The City Administration alleged the Russians were trying to demoralize residents by publicly shouting claims of Russian victories, including statements that Odessa had been captured.

Vadym Boychenko said on 27 March that while Mariupol was still under Ukrainian control, Russian forces had entered deep into the city and that the city's population needed a "complete evacuation". By this point, Ukrainian soldiers had run out of food and clean drinking water, and an analyst believed that Ukrainian forces would not be able to fight on beyond a few days. However, Ukrainian officers refused to evacuate from the city, as they did not want to abandon their wounded and dead soldiers and civilians. The "Club 8bit" computer museum was destroyed.

On 28 March, Mayor Vadym Boichenko said "we are in the hands of the occupiers today" in a televised interview, and a spokesman for the Mariupol mayor's office announced that "nearly 5,000 people" had been killed in the city since the start of the siege. The Ukrainian government estimated that "from 20,000 to 30,000" Mariupol residents had been forcibly sent to camps in Russia under Russian military control. During the day, Russian forces seized the administrative building in the northern Kalmiusky district and the military headquarters of the Azov Battalion. In addition, Russian spokesman Igor Konashenkov announced that Russian forces had shot down a Ukrainian Mil Mi-8 that was heading to Mariupol to evacuate leaders of the Azov Battalion. The next day, Russian forces were reported to have likely divided Ukrainian troops in the city into two and possibly even three pockets.

On 2 April, Russian forces captured the SBU building in central Mariupol, after which there was no more reported fighting in the area. On 6 April Russian officials said they captured 267 Ukrainian marines from the 503rd Battalion of the Ukrainian Naval Forces and on 7 April, the DPR announced central Mariupol had been cleared of Ukrainian forces. Meanwhile, Russian troops started an advance from the southwest on 1 April, leaving the Ukrainian military in partial control of the area around the port in the southwest of Mariupol by 7 April. In addition, on 7 April, Russian forces captured a bridge leading to the Azovstal steel plant. The following day, Russian troops seized the southern part of Mariupol's port.

On 10 April, Russian forces captured the fishing port, separating Ukrainian troops in the port from those in the Azovstal steel plant, and dividing the Mariupol pocket into two pockets. The next day, DPR forces claimed to have captured 80% of Mariupol. Local Ukrainian forces expected the city to fall soon, since they were running out of ammunition, and analysts at the Institute for the Study of War believed that Mariupol would fall within a week.

On 11 April, Russian media reported that 160 Ukrainian servicemen from the 36th Marine Brigade were captured with their equipment.

According to Kyiv Post, Colonel Volodymyr Baranyuk led the 36th Marine Brigade in an attempt to break out of the Russian encirclement at the Illich steel plant to the north. After being spotted they broke into smaller groups, with some of them managing to link up with fighters of the Azov Battalion at the Azovstal plant to the southeast. Around 30 Marines were captured during the breakout attempt. The fate of Colonel Baranyuk remained unknown. DPR claims that their special forces blocked the Ukrainian breakout, and identified the body of Baranyuk. On 12 April, a British man fighting with the Ukrainian Marines reported that his unit was going to surrender since they had run out of ammunition, food and other supplies. Subsequently, in the evening, Russia stated that 1,026 Marines of the 36th Marine Brigade had surrendered at the Illich steel plant, including 162 officers. According to Russia, the prisoners included 400 wounded fighters. Later, Russia said it captured an additional 134 Ukrainian servicemen, bringing the total number of prisoners to 1,160. The Institute for the Study of War regarded Russian claims of mass surrender as "likely false". The same day, Russian forces secured the Illich plant, dividing the eastern Ukrainian pocket into two, further dividing the Ukrainian forces in Ukraine into three pockets. The commander of the Azov Battalion criticized soldiers that had surrendered, while praising those that managed to link up with their unit. Concurrently, on 13 April, Russia announced it had taken full control of Mariupol's commercial port, which was confirmed three days later.

On 15 April, a Ukrainian military commander issued a plea for military reinforcements to come and "break the siege" of Mariupol. He also said that "the situation is critical and the fighting is fierce" but that sending reinforcements and breaking the siege "can be done and it must be done as soon as possible". The same day, Ukrainian Defence Ministry spokesman Oleksandr Motuzianyk reported Russia started using Tu-22M3 long-range bombers to strike targets in Mariupol. On the same day, Russian forces captured the Illich Steel Plant, reducing Ukrainian forces to two pockets. The Azovstal Steel Plant was well-defended and described as a "fortress within a city", as the steel plant was an enormous complex that made locating the Ukrainian forces difficult, had workshops that were difficult to destroy from the air, and since the complex had plenty of underground tunnels. On 16 April, Russian forces captured the base of the Ukrainian National Guard's 12th Operations Brigade, in western Mariupol. DPR troops also seized a police station near Mariupol's beach. On 17 April, Russian forces made further advances in the Primorsky pocket, completely capturing the coastline, with Russian forces fighting a small amount of remaining Ukrainian forces for the remainder of the district. Russian forces also made advances near the Azovstal Steel Plant Subsequently, Russia announced all urban areas of the city had been cleared, claiming that Ukrainian forces only remained at the Azovstal Steel Plant. However, fighting was reported to be continuing near Flotskaya street in the western Primorsky district. On April 18, it was estimated that 95% of the city had been destroyed in the fighting. Ukrainian soldiers ignored a Russian ultimatum to surrender, deciding to fight to the end. Russia threatened to destroy those who continued to fight on. A military expert estimated that there could still be 500 to 800 Ukrainian soldiers holding out within the city.

Humanitarian situation and war crimes

On 6 March, Petro Andryushchenko, advisor to the mayor of Mariupol, reported that people were "drinking from puddles in the streets" due to the loss of running water in the city caused by days of around-the-clock Russian shelling and bombing attacks. He also stated that there was no heat, electricity or telephone service. Civilians had been unable to evacuate the city due to repeated ceasefire violations, attacks on agreed-upon evacuation corridors, and direct attacks on civilians attempting to evacuate.

On 7 March, U.S. ambassador to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Michael Carpenter, described two incidents that occurred in Mariupol on 5 and 6 March as war crimes. He stated that on both dates, Russian forces bombed agreed-upon evacuation corridors while civilians were trying to use them.

On 14 March, another spokesman for the ICRC announced that “hundreds of thousands” of people in the city were “facing extreme or total shortages of basic necessities like food, water and medicine.” On 15 March, Ukraine's Deputy Prime Minister Iryna Vereshchuk accused Russian forces of taking around 400 civilians hostage after capturing a hospital in the city. Ukrainian officials accused Russian forces of firing at an evacuation convoy and injuring five civilians on 16 March. On 18 March, Ukrainian officials stated that more than 350,000 people were sheltering under siege in Mariupol, still with no access to food or water.

On 21 March, CNN reported that an official in Mariupol said people are afraid, due to the constant bombing and shelling, to leave their underground shelters even to obtain food and water, meaning they were trying to drink less and eat less. On 22 March, CNN reported that the Russian Army had confiscated 11 buses that were headed into the city in order to evacuate citizens. Fox News later reported that at least some of the buses were filled with humanitarian supplies which were taken. It was also reported that 15 aid workers in the buses have been arrested while trying to get food into Mariupol. CNN also reported that to that date, all attempts to bring empty buses into Mariupol to evacuate civilians had failed. On 23 March, Ukrainian President Zelenskeyy announced that 100,000 civilians were still unable to get out of Mariupol and that they were trapped in "inhumane conditions" without food, running water or medicine.

On 25 March, Russian General Mikhail Mizintsev was accused by Ukrainian authorities of ordering the bombings of both the Mariupol Children's and Maternity Hospital and the city theatre where 1,200 civilians were sheltering.

On 1 April, Russian troops stifled a rescue effort by the UN to transport hundreds of civilian survivors out of Mariupol with 50 allocated buses, while peace talks continued in Istanbul.

Maternity and childrens hospital bombing

On 9 March, after an airstrike damaged a maternity ward and children's hospital, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy tweeted that the attack was an "atrocity" along with a video of the building's ruins. The hospital was destroyed. Three people were killed, including a young girl and at least 16 were injured; authorities stated that many more patients and hospital staff were buried under rubble from the blast.

Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov said that the building was formerly a maternity hospital, and Russia bombed it because it was then occupied by the Azov Battalion.

Later on the same day, Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokeswoman Maria Zakharova rejected the hospital bombing as "information terrorism", while Russian Ministry of Defence spokesman Igor Konashenkov called the bombardment staged.

Then, on the afternoon of 10 March, the Russian Embassy to the UK said in a tweet that two injured pregnant women seen being evacuated after the attack were actually played by actresses wearing "realistic make-up", that the maternity ward was occupied by the Azov battalion and that no women or children had been present since the facility was "non-operational". The tweet was later removed by Twitter for violating its rules. Dmitry Peskov, the press secretary for the Russian President, stated soon after the bombing that the Russian government would investigate the incident.

The accusation by Russia then began trending online in Russia including Russian Telegram social media which has hundreds of thousands of followers. Twitter then took down the embassy's posts.

The pregnant woman videotaped being carried out wounded on a stretcher (accused by Russia of being an actress) was moved to another hospital and then died on 13 March, after her child was stillborn. She had suffered numerous injuries in the bombing, including a crushed pelvis and detached hip, which contributed to the stillbirth of her child. Seeing that she had lost her baby, medical workers said that she cried out to them: “Kill me now.” Thirty minutes later, she also died.

Russian claims that the videos were faked and that the bombed hospital was being used as a military post were debunked by investigative reporters.

Regional theatre bombing

On 16 March, the Donetsk Regional Drama Theatre of the city was struck and largely destroyed by an airstrike. The Mariupol city council accused Russia of targeting the drama theatre, where at least hundreds of civilians had been sheltering. Human Rights Watch stated that the theatre was sheltering at least 500 civilians. Serhiy Taruta, the former governor of Donetsk Oblast, stated that 1,300 were sheltering inside.

A satellite image taken by Maxar Technologies on 14 March showed that the Russian word for "children" was written in large white letters on the pavement in both the front and the back of the theatre, which would make it clear that civilians were sheltering inside. Ukrainian Minister of Foreign Affairs Dmytro Kuleba claimed that Russia "could not have not known this was a civilian shelter". According to the Verkhovna Rada, it was impossible to start rescue operations at the theatre due to the ongoing shelling. The city council also stated that access to the shelter in the theatre was blocked by debris. The Russian Defense Ministry denied attacking the building and accused the Azov Battalion of blowing it up.

The bomb shelter in the basement, where people had been sheltering, however, was able to resist the attack according to Taruta. Survivors began emerging from the remains of the theatre on 17 March. More than 130 civilians had been rescued from the basement as of 18 March, according to Ukrainian officials, and rescuers had yet to find any fatalities. The city council stated that no one had died according to initial information, but one person was gravely wounded.

Mass shelling of residential areas

On 2 March, deputy mayor Sergiy Orlov reported that Russian artillery targeted a densely populated neighborhood of Mariupol, shelling it for nearly 15 hours. He said that one populated residential district on the city's left bank had been "nearly totally destroyed".

Satellite photos of Mariupol taken the morning of 9 March taken by Maxar Technologies showed "extensive damage" to high-rise apartments, residential homes, grocery stores and other civilian infrastructure. This was determined by comparing before and after photos. The Mariupol council made a statement that the damage to the city has been "enormous". It estimated that approximately 80% of the city's homes had been significantly damaged, of which almost 30% were beyond repair. Reporting from Mariupol, Reuters reporter Pavel Klimov said that "all around are the blackened shells" of tower block dwellings.

On 16 March BBC News reported that nearly constant Russian attacks had turned residential neighbourhoods into "a wasteland." On the same day it reported that it had obtained drone footage showing "a vast extent of damage, with fire and smoke billowing out of apartment blocks and blackened streets in ruins." A city resident told the BBC that "in the left bank area, there's no residential building intact, it's all burned to the ground." The left bank contained a densely populated residential district. She also said that the city centre is "unrecognisable." On the same day the Institute for the Study of War (ISW) reported that Russian forces continued to commit war crimes in Mariupol including "targeting civilian infrastructure."

On 18 March, Lt Gen Jim Hockenhull, Chief of Defence Intelligence for the United Kingdom (UK), described "continued targeting of civilians in Mariupol". Ukrainian authorities stated that about 90% of buildings in Mariupole were now damaged or destroyed. On the same day, Sky News from the UK described videos as showing "civilian areas left unrecognisable by the bombing." Sky News also quoted the Red Cross as describing "Apocalyptic destruction in Mariupol." On 19 March 2022 a Ukrainian police officer in Mariupol made a video in which he said "Children, elderly people are dying. The city is destroyed and it is wiped off the face of the earth." The video was authenticated by the Associated Press.

The government of Mariupol said on 28 March that 90% of all buildings in Mariupol had been damaged by shelling, with 40% of all structures inside the city destroyed. The statistics released also counted that 90% of Mariupol's hospitals had been damaged, and that 23 schools and 28 kindergartens had been destroyed by Russian shelling.

Civilian casualties

Mariupol's deputy mayor Serhiy Orlov stated on 9 March that at least 1,170 civilians in the city had been killed in the city since Russia's invasion began and the dead were being buried in mass graves. On 11 March, the city council stated that at least 1,582 civilians had been killed during the siege, increasing that number on 13 March to 2,187 having been killed by the latter date. On 14 March, Oleksiy Arestovych, an adviser to Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, stated that more than 2,500 civilians had been killed in Mariupol's siege. However, the city council later clarified that 2,357 civilians had died.

Pyotr Andryushchenko, an adviser to the city government, however stated that the council's count was inaccurate and estimated that total number of civilians killed could be as high as 20,000. The New York Times reported that officials in the city had been struggling to account for how many civilians had died or gone missing during the siege. Videos posted on Telegram showed that residents of the Cheryomushki neighborhood were forced to bury corpses in a courtyard, while others had to turn a post office building into a makeshift morgue, stacking it with dead bodies.

On 16 March, the Associated Press (AP) reported that it had documented that many of the dead were "children and mothers" contrary, it said, to Russian government claims that civilians had not been targeted. It also reported that doctors in Mariupol were saying that they were treating "10 injured civilians for every injured Ukrainian soldier."

On 11 April, the Mayor of Mariupol stated that Russian forces had killed over 10,000 civilians in the city.

On 12 April, city officials reported that up to 20,000 civilians had been killed. On the same day, the Mayor of the city reported that about 21,000 civilians had been killed.

Weeks long blocking of evacuation attempts

On 1 April, a rescue effort by the UN to transport hundreds of civilian survivors out of Mariupol with 50 allocated buses was impeded by Russian troops who refused them safe passage into the city, while peace talks continued in Istanbul. On 4 April, a Russian Navy missile hit a Malta-based Dominica-flagged cargo ship, resulting in the ship catching fire.

Allegation of the use of chemical weapons

On 11 April 2022, the Azov Battalion accused Russian forces of using “a poisonous substance of unknown origin” in Mariupol. The United States stated it was aware of the allegations about the use of chemical weapons on social media, but that it could not confirm them at the time. Later, Ukraine stated that it was investigating the allegations, but that early assumptions suggested the weapon used was phosphorus ammunition, which is not considered a chemical weapon. Three Ukrainian soldiers were injured in the attack.

Reaction

The siege has been compared by Ukrainian and US officials to the siege of Leningrad during World War II.

Media coverage

The Associated Press staff member Mstyslav Chernov and the freelancer Evgeniy Maloletka, working for AP, stayed in Mariupol since late February until 11 March. They were among the few journalists, and, according to the AP, the only international journalists in Mariupol during that period, and their photographs were extensively used by Western media to cover the siege and the situation in the city. According to Chernov, on 11 March, they were in a hospital taking photos, when they were evacuated from the city with the assistance of Ukrainian soldiers. They managed to escape from Mariupol unharmed, at which point he said no journalists were left in the city.

See also

• Siege of Chernihiv
• Battle of Kyiv (2022)
• Battle of Kharkiv (2022)
• Battle of Sumy

Notes

1. The largest city de jure in Donetsk Oblast is Donetsk, which has been de facto held by the DPR since 2014.

References

1. ^ "Ukraine: Mariupol Residents Trapped by Russian Assault - Ukraine". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
2. "Russia says separatists 'tightening the noose' around Mariupol -RIA". Reuters. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
3. Daniel Buffey; Lorenzo Tondo (18 March 2022). "Fighting reaches central Mariupol as shelling hinders rescue attempts". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
4. ^ Mason Clark; Kateryna Stepanenko; Karolina Hird (10 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 10". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
5. ^ Mason Clark; Kateryna Stepanenko; Karolina Hird (13 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 13". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
6. ^ Holly Ellyatt (18 April 2022). "Mariupol hasn't surrendered to Russia, PM says; at least 5 dead, 20 injured in Kharkiv attack". CNBC. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
7. Miriam Berger; Bryan Pietsch (11 April 2022). "What to know about Russia's new top commander in Ukraine". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
8. ^ Mason Clark; Karolina Hird; George Barros (10 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 11". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
9. "Russian 'Butcher of Mariupol' blamed for worst Ukraine war atrocities". The New York Post. 24 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
10. ^ Batchelor, Tom; Dalton, Jane (3 March 2022). "Russian Major General Andrei Sukhovetsky killed by Ukrainians in 'major demotivator' for invading army". Independent. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
11. ^ Rasheed, Jillian Kestler-D'Amours,Zaheena. "US warns China not to help Russia; Moscow-Kyiv talks to resume". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
12. ^ "Fourth Russian general killed in fighting, Ukraine says". Associated Press. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022 – via The Washington Times.
13. ^ "Russia confirms senior naval officer killed in Mariupol". BBC News. 20 March 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
14. ^ Cole, Brendan (23 March 2022). "Who is Alexei Sharov? 15th Top Russian Commander Killed in Ukraine War". Newsweek. Newsweek. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
15. ^ Mendick, Robert (28 March 2022). "Devastated Mariupol teeters on the brink, but Ukrainian troops refuse to abandon the fallen". Yahoo News.
16. ^ Matthew Loh (6 April 2022). "A soldier wearing Nazi imagery was given a medal by a Russia-backed separatist republic for killing Ukrainian 'nationalists'". Yahoo. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
17. ^ "Денис Пушилин вручил Золотую Звезду Героя ДНР командиру батальона «Сомали» Тимуру Курилкину". oddr. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
18. "Two defenders of Mariupol became Heroes of Ukraine". 19 March 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
19. Official appeal of Azov commander, the major Denis Prokopenko, to the world community. Національний Корпус. 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022 – via YouTube.
20. Drozd, Yulia (15 April 2022). "Ukrainian commander issues urgent plea in Mariupol". ABC News. ABC News Network. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
21. ^ Bondarenko, Khrystyna; Watson, Ivan; Stapleton, AnneClair (21 March 2022). ""Bombs falling every 10 minutes," says Ukrainian officer in Mariupol". CNN World. Dnipro: CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
22. Clark, Mason; Barros, George; Stepanenko, Kateryna (16 March 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, MARCH 16". ISW: Institute for the Study of War. ISW: Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
23. Clark, Mason; Barros, George; Stepanenko, Kateryna (18 March 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, MARCH 18". ISW: Institute For The Study of War. ISW: Institute For The Study of War. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
24. ^ Zelenskyy, Volodymyr (19 March 2022). "Meaningful talks on peace and security for Ukraine are the only chance for Russia to reduce the damage from its own mistakes". President of Ukraine. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
25. ^ Goncharenko, Roman (16 March 2022). "The Azov Battalion: Extremists defending Mariupol". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022. The city of Mariupol, which has a population of 500,000, is primarily being defended by the Azov Battalion.
26. "Russian invasion update: Ukraine repels tank attack, captures six Russians in Mariupol". www.ukrinform.net.
27. "In Mariupol, a war of images to prove who controls the city". The Observers - France 24. 30 March 2022.
28. ^ Adler, Nils; King, Laura (28 January 2022). "'Everything that needs to be done': Ukraine citizen soldiers prepare for Russia threat". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022. Its defenders — both the regular Ukraine army and the irregular forces mustering for battle
29. ^ "Hundreds of thousands face catastrophe in Mariupol". The Economist. 21 March 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022. Ukrainian forces in Mariupol are vastly outnumbered, with 3,500 soldiers facing 14,000 invaders, around a tenth of the total estimated Russian force in the country.
30. "As it happened: Ukraine war latest: Gun battles as Russian troops reach Mariupol city centre, says mayor". BBC News. 17 March 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
31. ^ "Russia Says All Urban Areas of Mariupol Cleared of Ukrainian Forces". voanews.com. 16 April 2022. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
32. Melissa Quinn (17 April 2022). "Ukrainian foreign minister says Mariupol "doesn't exist anymore" after Russian siege". CBS News. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
33. "На Авдіївському та Маріупольському напрямках ворог поніс значні втрати і був відкинутий" [In the Avdiivka and Mariupol directions, the enemy suffered significant losses and was repulsed.] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
34. "У Маріуполі тривають вуличні бої - ворог втратив іще 50 вояків, два танки та три БТРи" [Street battles continue in Mariupol - the enemy lost another 50 soldiers, two tanks and three armored personnel carriers]. www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
35. "Sources: Most intense combat in Ukraine war shifting east". KyivPost. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
36. ^ "Russia says helicopter downed near Mariupol was headed to evacuate Azov unit leaders". Tass Russian News Agency. 28 March 2022.
37. Trevithick, Joseph (31 March 2022). "Ukraine Situation Report: NATO Says Russia Is Repositioning, Not Withdrawing". The Drive. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
38. Presse, AFP-Agence France (5 April 2022). "Russia Says Prevented Ukraine Officers Fleeing Mariupol By Air". www.barrons.com. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
39. ^ "Russia-Ukraine war: 21,000 civilians killed, Mayor of Mariupol estimates". The Jerusalem Post. 13 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
40. ^ "Mariupol Mayor Cites 'Thousands' Dead, Says 'Complete Evacuation' Needed". Radio Free Europe. Radio Liberty. 27 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
41. ^ Bondarenko, Khrystyna; Watson, Ivan; Stapleton, AnneClaire; Booth, Tom; Alasaar, Alaa (19 March 2022). "Mariupol residents are being forced to go to Russia, city council says". CNN, World. CNN. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
42. "Russia accused of 'holding 400,000 people hostage' in Mariupol". the Guardian. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
43. "Photos: Mariupol residents suffer as Russian forces lay siege". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
44. ^ Yuras Karmanau; Adam Schreck; Cara Anna (12 April 2022). "Mariupol mayor says siege has killed more than 10K civilians". Associated Press. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
45. "Public Opinion Survey of Residents of Ukraine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
46. Lourie, Richard (26 October 2018). "Putin's bridge over troubled waters". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
47. Russian dominance in the Black Sea: The Sea of Azov Archived 19 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Middle East Institute, Luke Coffey, September 25, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
48. "The Azov Sea, symbolic prize of Russia-Ukraine war". France 24. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
49. Blair, David (10 May 2014). "Ukraine: Security forces abandon Mariupol ahead of referendum". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
50. "Ukraine rebels end ceasefire before polls". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
51. "Ukraine crisis: Kiev forces win back Mariupol". BBC News. 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
52. Pancevski, Bojan. "Kiev lets loose Men in Black". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
53. "Ultra-nationalist Ukrainian battalion gears up for more fighting | Reuters". Reuters. 24 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
54. "The Azov Battalion: How Putin built a false premise for a war against "Nazis" in Ukraine". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
55. "Azov Regiment takes centre stage in Ukraine propaganda war". France 24. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
56. "'Why? Why? Why?' Ukraine's Mariupol descends into despair". AP NEWS. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
57. Vasovic, Aleksandar (24 February 2022). "Port city of Mariupol comes under fire after Russia invades Ukraine". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
58. "Ukraine Crisis: Protecting civilians 'Priority Number One'; Guterres releases $20M for humanitarian support". UN News. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022.
59. "Battle ongoing near Mariupol – mayor". www.ukrinform.net. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
60. "Fierce battles raging in all directions near Mariupol – mayor". Interfax-Ukraine. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
61. Richárd, Jabronka (25 February 2022). "Így áll most a háború Ukrajnában: több nagyvárosban harcok dúlnak, megtámadtak egy orosz repülőteret". Ellenszél (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
62. "Russian Navy Carries Out Amphibious Assault Near Mariupol". The Maritime Executive. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
63. CNN (25 February 2022). ""Amphibious assault" underway west of Mariupol on the Sea of Azov, senior US defense official says". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
64. "Russian forces are about 31 miles outside southeastern Ukrainian city of Mariupol, US defense official says". CNN. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
65. "Russian advance slowed by Ukrainian resistance and logistical setbacks, U.S. defense official says". CBS News. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
66. "Russia orders troops to hasten their advance as Mariupol remains under heavy shelling". ABC News. 26 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
67. "At Least Six Greeks Killed in Russian Attacks at Mariupol, Ukraine". GreekReporter.com. 26 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
68. Georgiopoulos, George (26 February 2022). "Greece says 10 expats killed in Ukraine, summons Russian ambassador". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
69. "Russian invasion update: Ukraine repels tank attack, captures six Russians in Mariupol". www.ukrinform.net. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
70. "A shelling, a young girl, and hopeless moments in a hospital". Associated Press. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
71. Reuters (28 February 2022). "Fighting around Ukraine's Mariupol throughout the night – regional governor". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
72. "Russian invasion update: Mariupol remains Ukrainian controlled". ukrinform.net. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
73. Trevithick, Joseph (27 February 2022). "Strategic Ukrainian Port Of Mariupol Now Surrounded By Russian Forces". thedrive.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
74. "Маріуполь частково залишився без електрики, газу та інтернету". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
75. Anna Mukhina; Mark Krutov (3 March 2022). ""Звоните в ФСБ". В Россию пошли первые "похоронки"". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
76. Potocka, Joanna (4 March 2022). "Rosyjski generał zabity przez snajpera na Ukrainie. Kim był Andriej Suchowiecki?" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
77. CNN (1 March 2022). "Russian-backed separatist leader expects his forces to surround Mariupol on Tuesday". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
78. "Маріуполь – під шквалом російської реактивної артилерії, обстріли без упину. ВІДЕО". March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
79. Hunder, Max (30 March 2022). "Timeline: Russia's siege of the Ukrainian city of Mariupol". Reuters – via www.reuters.com.
80. "Ukrainian city of Mariupol 'near to humanitarian catastrophe' after bombardment". BBC News. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
81. "Ukraine leader Volodymyr Zelensky vows to hold fast as 2,000 civilian deaths blamed on Russia's invasion". CBS News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
82. "Most of the world lines up against Moscow, attacks intensify". Associated Press. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
83. Reuters (2 March 2022). "Mariupol mayor reports mass casualties from nonstop Russian attack". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
84. "WATCH: Hundreds of casualties reported after fighting in Mariupol, Ukraine". Euro Weekly News. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
85. ^ Gunter, Joel (2 March 2022). "Ukrainian city of Mariupol 'near to humanitarian catastrophe' after bombardment". bbc.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
86. "Hundreds feared dead from 15-hour Russian attack on Mariupol, Ukraine". New York Post. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
87. "Mariupol under siege: 'We are being completely cut off'". BBC News. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
88. "Pro-Russian separatists threaten Ukraine's Mariupol with strikes". Reuters. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
89. CNN, Tim Lister, Olga Voitovych and Laura Smith-Spark (3 March 2022). "Russia squeezes southern Ukraine amid warning 'worst is yet to come'". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
90. Reuters (4 March 2022). "Besieged Ukrainian city of Mariupol appeals for help". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
91. "UN Security Council in emergency meeting after Russia seizes second Ukrainian nuclear plant". ABC News. 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
92. "Results in talks on humanitarian corridors for Mariupol not yet achieved – adviser to interior minister". www.ukrinform.net. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
93. Drake, Andrew; Ebel, Francesca; Karmanau, Yuras; Chernov, Mstyslav (4 March 2022). "Reports: Russia to observe ceasefire in 2 areas of Ukraine". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
94. "Red Cross acting as ceasefire guarantor to allow evacuation of Mariupol, Volnovakha – report". www.timesofisrael.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022.
95. Hamza Mohamed and Nadim Asrar, Al Jazeera (5 Mar 2022) Russia-Ukraine live news: Mariupol evacuation halted Archived 7 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine
96. "Siege of Mariupol: Fresh Russian attacks throw evacuation into chaos". 5 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022 – via www.bbc.com.
97. Joel Gunter (5 March 2022). "Siege of Mariupol: Fresh Russian attacks throw evacuation into chaos". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
98. "Siege of Mariupol: Fresh Russian attacks throw evacuation into chaos". BBC News. 5 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
99. Reuters (5 March 2022). "UK accuses Russia of using Mariupol ceasefire plan to reset forces". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
100. Polityuk, Pavel; Vasovic, Aleksandar (5 March 2022). "Kyiv, Moscow trade blame over failed evacuation as Russian assault grinds on". Saskatoon StarPhoenix. Reuters. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
101. ^ "Ukraine: Second attempt to evacuate civilians from Mariupol fails — live updates | DW | 6 March 2022". Deutsche Welle. 6 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
102. Gunter, Joel (6 March 2022). "Mariupol: Fires, no water, and bodies in the street". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
103. Braithwaite, Sharon (6 March 2022). "Ukrainian MP: Russia has damaged Donetsk-Mariupol pipeline, leaving over 700,000 people without heat". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
104. Marsi, Federica. "Anguished Ukrainians await news of relatives in besieged Mariupol". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
105. Today 7 Mar 2022. Today. BBC Radio 4. 7 March 2022. Event occurs at 1h:41m:00s-1h:43m:41s. Retrieved 7 March 2022. ICRC Director of Operation Dominik Stillhart: ... so far we have seen unfortunately only agreements in principle ... they have immediately broken down because they lack precision, they lack the kind of information and agreements over times, over roads, over whether people can go out or goods can come in, so all of these things need to be agreed in military to military talks in order for us to also be on the ground to facilitate the agreement between the parties ... we have been talking to them for days on end getting them to an agreement that is sufficiently precise so that it can then be implemented. ... We have a team in Mariupol on the ground ... the road that was indicated to them was actually mined so therefore the agreement could not be implemented. That is why it is so important that the two parties have a precise agreement.
106. Rahman, Khaleda (7 March 2022). "Evacuation Route Offered to Fleeing Ukrainians Was Mined—Red Cross". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
107. Zaks, Dmitry; Clark, Dave (8 March 2022). "Ukraine accuses Russia of attacking humanitarian corridors as civilians flee cities". Agence France-Presse. The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
108. Mstyslav Chernov (9 March 2022). "Besieged Ukraine city of Mariupol buries dead in mass grave". ctvnews.ca. Mariupol, Ukraine: CTV News. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
109. "Mass grave set up in Mariupol as morgues overflow". BBC News. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
110. "War in Ukraine live updates: Russia fires on civilian evacuation points in Mariupol, deputy mayor says". NPR. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
111. "Mariupol says children's hospital destroyed by Russian bombing". National Post. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
112. "Attacks hits Ukraine children's hospital, officials say". AP NEWS. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
113. Harding, Luke (9 March 2022). "'Pure genocide': civilian targets in Mariupol 'annihilated' by Russian attacks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
114. "Ukraine war: Three dead as maternity hospital hit by Russian air strike". BBC. Associated Press. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
115. Wall, Mike (9 March 2022). "Russia-Ukraine invasion updates / Satellite photos of Mariupol, Ukraine show damage from Russian attacks: Grocery stores, homes and shopping centers have gone up in smoke". space.com. Future US, Inc. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
116. "MAXAR'S SOLUTIONS IN ACTION: High-resolution commercial satellite imagery". maxar.com. Maxar. 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
117. "SOLUTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL DEFENSE AND INTELLIGENCE: Diverse offerings powering next-gen missions around the world". maxar.com. Maxar. 2022. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
118. Chernov, Mstyslav; Karmanu, Yuras (12 March 2022). "Russian troops push towards Kyiv, key cities blockaded". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
119. Nedos, Vassilis. "Greek convoy makes it out of Mariupol | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
120. "Humanitarian corridor for Greek expatriates in Mariupol | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
121. "Ukraine's Mariupol city says 2,187 residents killed since start of war". Devdiscourse. Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
122. "Ukraine's Mariupol says city's last reserves of food and water are running out". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
123. Olga Gluschenko (13 March 2022). "Оборона Мариуполя: уничтожена бронетехника и живая сила врага". Ukrayinska Pravda (in Russian). Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
124. "Turkey to evacuate citizens in Mariupol mosque: FM". Hurriyet daily news. 13 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
125. "First convoy of civilians escapes besieged Mariupol". Al Jazeera. 14 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
126. Olga Gluschenko (15 March 2022). "ЗСУ відбили атаки на Маріуполь, знищили ворожу техніку і 150 загарбників – штаб". Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
127. Stewart, Will (14 March 2022). "Ukraine war: Russia admits first loss of GRU intelligence officer". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
128. Andy Hayes (15 March 2022). "Ukraine war: 20,000 flee Mariupol in biggest evacuation yet from besieged port city". Sky News. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
129. "Fourth Russian general killed in Ukraine, claims president Zelensky". MSN. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
130. Andrea Rosa (18 March 2022). "Ukraine rescuers search Mariupol theater rubble as Russian attacks continue". PBS. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
131. Natalie Drier (16 March 2022). "Russia attacks Ukraine: Mariupol theater used as shelter bombed". KIRO-TV. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
132. "Мариупольский аэропорт полностью перешел под контроль ДНР". RIA Novosty. 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
133. "Fighting Reaches Center Of Mariupol As Putin Puts Up Defiant Appearance". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
134. "Russians push deeper into Mariupol as locals plead for help". The Toronto Star. 19 March 2022. ISSN 0319-0781. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
135. CNN, Khrystyna Bondarenko, Ivan Watson, AnneClaire Stapleton, Tom Booth, and Alaa Elassar. "Mariupol residents are being forced to go to Russia, city council says". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
136. Reuters (20 March 2022). "Mariupol says Russia forcefully deported thousands of people". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
137. "Russian forces bomb school sheltering 400 people in Mariupol, city council says". CNN. 20 March 2022. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
138. "Ukraine has rejected Vladimir Putin's demand to surrender the stricken city of Mariupol". lbc. 20 March 2022. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
139. "Ukraine rejects Russian demand to surrender Mariupol and lay down arms". lbc. 21 March 2022. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
140. "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, MARCH 24". Institute for the Study of War.
141. "Ukraine war in maps: Tracking the Russian invasion". BBC News. 25 March 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
142. "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
143. "Mariupol Mayor Cites 'Thousands' Dead, Says 'Complete Evacuation' Needed". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
144. Carlotta Gall (27 March 2022). "As the war in Ukraine moves into its second month, fears grow of Mariupol's fall to Russia". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
145. "Russia's invasion of Ukraine has destroyed a historic computer museum". Engadget. 27 March 2022. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022.
146. "Mariupol is 'in the hands' of Russia, mayor says". theweek.com. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
147. "Nearly 5,000 people killed in siege of Ukraine's Mariupol - mayor's office". Reuters. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
148. "More Than 5,000 Civilians Killed in Mariupol, Mayor Says". TIME. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
149. "Nearly 5,000 people killed in siege of Ukraine's Mariupol - mayor's office". Reuters. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
150. Schreck, Adam; Rosa, Andrea (6 April 2022). "Mariupol's dead put at 5,000 as Ukraine braces in the east". Associated Press. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
151. "Elfoglalták az oroszok a rettegett Azov-zászlóalj egyik bázisát". Portfolio (in Hungarian). 28 March 2022.
152. Frederick W. Kagan; George Barros; Kateryna Stepanenko (29 March 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, MARCH 29". Institute for the Study of War. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
153. Mason Clark; George Barros; Karolina Hird (2 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 2". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
154. "Russia Says Ukrainian Marines Surrendered En-Masse In Mariupol; Western Experts Call It Putin's Propaganda". Eurasian Times. 267 Ukrainian marines from the 503rd Battalion of the Ukrainian Naval Forces opted to surrender in the encircled Mariupol
155. Mason Clark; Kateryna Stepanenko; Karolina Hird (7 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 7". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
156. Mason Clark; Kateryna Stepanenko (8 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 8". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
157. Frederick W. Kagan; George Barros; Kateryna Stepanenko; Karolina Hird (9 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 9". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
158. Emmanuel Peuchot (11 April 2022). "Ukraine Braces for Fall of Mariupol to Russia". Moscow Times. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
159. "It became known about the Marines handed over to the Ukrainian Armed Forces in Mariupol". 24 Happenings. 11 April 2022. About 160 Marines surrendered to the Ukrainian Armed Forces (APU) in Mariupol.
160. ^ "Russia Claims 1,000 Members of the 36th Marine Brigade Surrendered in Mariupol". SOFREP. 14 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
161. "Marines from 36th brigade break through to Azov fighters, defenders of Mariupol strengthen defense area". Interfax-Ukraine. 13 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
162. "Басурин сообщил об убийстве в Мариуполе командира 36-й бригады морской пехоты ВС Украины" [Basurin announced the murder in Mariupol of the commander of the 36th Marine Brigade of the Armed Forces of Ukraine]. Tass (in Russian). 17 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
163. George Grylls; Charlie Parker (12 April 2022). "Briton Aiden Aslin 'surrenders' in Mariupol as he runs out of food". The Times. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
164. ^ Petr Ermilin (12 April 2022). "More than 1,000 Ukrainian Marines voluntarily surrendered in Mariupol". Pravda. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
165. Peter Graff; William Maclean; Cynthia Osterman (13 April 2022). "Russia says 1,026 Ukrainian marines surrendered in Mariupol". Reuters. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
166. Ronald Popeski; Robert Birsel (13 April 2022). "Chechen chief Kadyrov says over 1,000 Ukrainian marines surrender in Mariupol". Reuters. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
167. Elena Teslova (14 April 2022). "134 more Ukrainian servicemen surrendered in Mariupol: Russia". aa.com.tr. Retrieved 18 April 2022. This means a total of 1,160 Ukrainian soldiers and officers laid down their weapons in Mariupol on Wednesday
168. Aditi Sangal; Adrienne Vogt; Helen Regan; Matias Grez; Jeevan Ravindran; Laura Smith-Spark; Maureen Chowdhury; Mike Hayes (13 April 2022). "Ukrainian commanders defending Mariupol say their units were able to link up despite relentless attacks". Cable News Network. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
169. "Mariupol commercial sea port fully liberated from Azov regiment's Nazi fighters". Tass. 13 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
170. ^ Mason Clarke; George Barros (17 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 17". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
171. Drozd, Yulia (15 April 2022). "Ukrainian commander issues urgent plea in Mariupol". ABC News. ABC News Network. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
172. "Russian Tu-22M3 bombers strike Mariupol". ukrinform.net. 15 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
173. Mason Clark; Kateryna Stepanenko (15 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 15". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
174. "'Fortress in a city': steel plant becomes Ukrainian hold-out in Mariupol". The Guardian. 15 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
175. Frederick W. Kagan; Kateryna Stepanenko; Karolina Hird (16 April 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 16". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
176. Adam Schreck; Mystyslav Chernov (18 April 2022). "Ukrainian defenders in Mariupol defy surrender-or-die demand". The Associated Press. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
177. "Ukraine war: Mariupol defenders will fight to the end says PM". BBC. 18 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
178. Vega, María R. Sahuquillo, Luis de (6 March 2022). "Russian forces exert stranglehold on Mariupol after failure of ceasefire". EL PAÍS English Edition. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
179. ^ Mangan, Dan (7 March 2022). "U.S. is collecting evidence of possible Russian war crimes in Ukraine". cnbc.com. CNBC. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
180. "Live updates: Zelenskyy vows to keep negotiating with Russia. The latest developments on the Russia-Ukraine war: (Section titled "Geneva" NOTE there are two sections with the same name— "Geneva" SEE THE FIRST)". Apneas.com. Associated Press. 14 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
181. Ruslan Rehimov (16 March 2022). "Russians holding 400 hostage at captured Mariupol hospital: Ukraine deputy premier". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
182. ^ Lorenzo Tondo; Isobel Kosiw (16 March 2022). "Ukrainian officials accuse Russia of shelling civilians fleeing Mariupol". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
183. ^ Patel-Carstairs, Sunita (18 March 2022). "Ukraine war: Videos show apocalyptic destruction in Mariupol as Russia says it is 'tightening its encirclement'". Sky News. Sky New. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
184. ^ Carey, Andrew; Presniakova, Yulia; Atay Alam, Hande (22 March 2022). "Russian forces stole buses driving to rescue people from Mariupol, Ukraine says". CNN World. CNN. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
185. Beals, Monique (23 March 2022). "Ukraine: Russia seized rescue workers trying to deliver food to Mariupol". The Hill. NEXSTAR MEDIA INC. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
186. "Zelensky says 100,000 still trapped in Mariupol, facing 'inhumane conditions'". France 24. France 24. 22 March 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
187. Batchelor, Tom (25 March 2022). "'Butcher of Mariupol' accused of ordering maternity hospital bombing six years after destroying Aleppo". The Independent. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
188. ^ "Ukraine: No 'plan B' for evacuation of shattered Mariupol, say humanitarians, as Friday attempt fails". UN News. 1 April 2022.
189. Balevic, Katie. "Zelenskyy accuses Russian troops of 'direct strike' that wrecked a Mariupol maternity hospital, pleads to 'close the sky right now'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
190. "Ukraine war: Aftermath of Mariupol hospital shelling". Sky News. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
191. AFP (10 March 2022). "EU condemns Russian bombing of Mariupol maternity hospital as a 'war crime'". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
192. Osborne, Samuel (10 March 2022). "Ukraine war: Russia says claim it bombed children's hospital is 'fake news'". Sky News. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
193. "Что заявили главы МИД России и Украины после переговоров. Главное". Meduza (in Russian). 10 March 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
194. Trevelyan, Mark (10 March 2022). "Russia shifts stance on hospital bombing that sparked world outrage". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
195. ^ "'Ukrainian propaganda': Russia says pic of pregnant woman in hospital attack is 'fake'". LBC. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
196. ^ Macaluso, Nora (16 March 2022). "Social Media Posts Misrepresent Victims of Hospital Bombed in Mariupol". FactCheck.org. Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
197. "Ukraine war: Pregnant woman and baby die after hospital shelled". BBC News. 14 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
198. ^ "Pregnant woman and baby die after attack on hospital in Mariupol". The Guardian. The Associated Press in Mariupol, Ukraine. 14 March 2022. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
199. Feenstra, Willem; Sabel, Pieter; Verwiel, Erik (17 March 2022). "De foto's bij het bombardement op het ziekenhuis in Marioepol zouden volgens de Russen in scène zijn gezet. Wat klopt er van hun bewijzen?". de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
200. Andy Hayes (16 March 2022). "Ukraine war: Mariupol theatre where 'hundreds of people sheltering' bombed by Russian forces, officials claim". Sky News. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
201. James Mackenzie; Natalia Zinets; Oleksandr Kozhukhar (17 March 2022). "Shells hit theatre sheltering Ukraine civilians, Biden calls Putin a war criminal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
202. ^ Victoria Butenko; Olga Voitovych; Andrew Carey; James Frater; Jeevan Ravindran (17 March 2022). "Survivors emerge from rubble of Mariupol theater bombed by Russia". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
203. "Ukraine theatre hit by airstrike where hundreds were sheltering had 'children' written on pavement in Russian". The Independent. 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
204. "Ukraine: Mariupol city council claims Russia destroys crowded theater — live updates". Deutsche Welle. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
205. "В Мариуполе ракета разрушила здание драмтеатра. Власти заявляют, что сотни людей использовали его как убежище". Meduza (in Russian). 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
206. "Russia-Ukraine war: Survivors emerge from bombed Mariupol theatre". The Independent. 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
207. "130 Rescued in Ukrainian Theater Bombing, Search for Missing Continues". Voice of America. 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
208. Wall, Mike (9 March 2022). "Russia-Ukraine invasion updates / Satellite photos of Mariupol, Ukraine show damage from Russian attacks: Grocery stores, homes and shopping centers have gone up in smoke". space.com. Future US, Inc. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
209. Aloisi, Silvia (18 March 2022). "Shattered dreams". Reuters. Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
210. Klimov, Pavel; Popeski, Ron (18 March 2022). "Mariupol, on the front line of Ukraine's war". Reuters.com. Mariupol, Ukraine: Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
211. ^ Bachega, Hugo; Popovych, Maksym (16 March 2022). "Ukraine war: Infection and hunger as hundreds hide in Mariupol cellar". bbc.com. BBÇ News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
212. Mason, Clark; Barros, George; Stepanenko, Kateryna (16 March 2022). "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, MARCH 16". ISW – Institute for the Study of War. ISW – Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
213. Boffey, Daniel; Tondo, Lorenzo (18 March 2022). "Fighting reaches central Mariupol as shelling hinders rescue attempts: Russia claims to be 'tightening noose' around south-eastern port city as thousands still stranded". The Guardian. Brussels, Belgium; Lviv, Ukraine. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
214. "Russians push deeper into port city of Mariupol as locals plead for help: "Children, elderly people are dying"". CBSNews.com. CBS News, Associated Press. 19 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
215. "Ukraine retakes control of two Russian-occupied towns". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
216. Lviv, Nathan Hodge, CNN and Julia Presniakova in (28 March 2022). "Mariupol mayor says Ukrainian city 'in the hands of the occupiers'". CNN. Retrieved 28 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
217. "Ukraine says 1,170 civilians have been killed in Mariupol since Russian invasion". Reuters. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
218. "Ukraine's Mariupol says 1,582 civilians killed by Russian shelling and blockade". Reuters. 11 March 2022. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
219. Asrar, Nadim; Uras, Umut; Marsi, Federica (12 March 2022). "Ukraine latest updates: 2,187 residents killed in Mariupol". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
220. "Over 2,500 Mariupol residents killed so far in war – Ukrainian presidential advisor". Reuters. 14 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
221. "Russian forces shoot at civilians in Hostomel". India Today. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
222. Santora, Marc; Hopkins, Valerie (15 March 2022). "Officials in Mariupol struggle to account for the dead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
223. ^ CHERNOV, MSTYSLAV; MALOLETKA, EVGENIY; HINNANT, LORI (16 March 2022). "'Why? Why? Why?' Ukraine's Mariupol descends into despair". ABC News. MARIUPOL, Ukraine. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
224. Saul, Jonathan (5 April 2022). "Foreign ship sinks in Mariupol after missile attacks, says flag registry" – via www.theglobeandmail.com.
225. "Pentagon monitoring reports of possible Russian chemical weapons attack in Mariupol". APR 11 2022. By Christina Wilkie. CNBC.
226. "Ukraine War: US 'deeply concerned' at report of Mariupol chemical attack". 12 April 2022 – via www.bbc.com.
227. Reuters (3 March 2022). "'We are being destroyed,' says Ukraine's Mariupol under Russian siege". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
228. Agence France-Presse (5 March 2022). "Siege of Ukraine's Mariupol city draws comparisons with Nazi blockade of Leningrad". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
229. Blinken, Antony (9 March 2022). "Every Russian has learned about the Siege of Leningrad during World War II. Sadly, history has repeated itself—but now it's the Russian government cruelly starving Ukrainian cities. https://t.co/wjG3IgwAzH" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022 – via Twitter.
230. Klein, Charlotte (17 March 2022). ""This Is Personal for Them": Two Ukrainian AP Journalists Capture the Most Devastating Moments of War". Wanity Fair. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
231. Chernov, Mstyslav (22 March 2022). "20 Days in Mariupol". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.

External links

• Media related to War in Mariupol, 2022 at Wikimedia Commons
• Yahoo News UK article about 11 year old Ukrainian gymnast Kateryna Dyachenko who was killed during shelling in Mariupol on 22 March
• BBC News video of recently evacuated Mariupol civilians speaking about desperate conditions in the city, endless shelling, mass casualties and people having mental breakdowns under siege, 8 April 2022
• Video of drone flyover of apartment buildings being bombed in Mariupol. News.com.au, The News Room, March 15 2022
• Video of tanks firing repeatedly on apartment buildings in Mariupol, civilians in hospital, woman crying for dead children. AP News, 12 March 2022.
• Video of aftermath, including injured pregnant woman being carried, after Russian airstrike on hospital in Mariupol, Ukraine. Sky News, March 9, 2022
• Video posted on Twitter by a Ukrainian soldier in Mariupol – of shelling and damage in the City, 5 March, 2022, 8:27 AM
• Video, Sergei Orlov, Deputy Mayor of Mariupol, alleges that on 5 March Russian forces targeted and shelled civilian gathering areas where people were preparing to evacuate the city. Channel 4 News, London, UK

• Modern history
• Russia
• Ukraine

• Current events from February 2022
• Siege of Mariupol
• Battles involving the Donetsk People's Republic
• February 2022 events in Ukraine
• March 2022 events in Ukraine
• Sieges involving Russia
• Sieges involving Ukraine
• War crimes during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
• Forced migration
• Urban warfare