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The 2022 monkeypox outbreak in Asia is a part of the outbreak of human monkeypox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak reached Asia on 21 May 2022 when Israel reported their first case of Monkeypox.

History

Imported cases before the outbreak

According to the World Health Organization, imported cases of Monkeypox from Nigeria was detected in Israel and Singapore on September 2018 and May 2019, respectively. Although the number cases were not published.

Arrival

As the outbreak was spreading in Europe in the middle of May 2022, the Israeli Health Ministry reported the first case of Monkeypox in the country on 21 May, which also became the first in Asia. The 30-year-old man returned from Western Europe and contracted the disease from there. The ministry reported that he was in isolation in the Ichilov General Hospital in Tel Aviv.

Cases transitted through Asia

On May and June 2022, two Australians tested positive for monkeypox in Australia, but before that they stayed in transit in airports for some hours in Southeast Asia.

Background

Mpox (/ˈɛmpɒks/, EM-poks; formerly known as monkeypox) is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and other animals. Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The illness is usually mild, and most infected individuals recover within a few weeks without treatment. The time from exposure to the onset of symptoms ranges from three to seventeen days, and symptoms typically last from two to four weeks. However, cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women, or people with suppressed immune systems.

The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. The variola virus, which causes smallpox, is also in this genus. Human-to-human transmission can occur through direct contact with infected skin or body fluids, including sexual contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or via bites or scratches. Diagnosis can be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing a lesion for the virus's DNA.

An ongoing outbreak of monkeypox was confirmed on 6 May 2022, beginning with a British resident who, after travelling to Nigeria (where the disease is endemic), presented symptoms consistent with monkeypox on 29 April 2022. The resident returned to the United Kingdom on 4 May, creating the country's index case of the outbreak. The origin of several of the cases of monkeypox in the United Kingdom is unknown. Some monitors saw community transmission taking place in the London area as of mid-May, but it has been suggested that cases were already spreading in Europe in the previous months.

Responses

Organizations

Nations

•  Bangladesh: On 22 May, the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) issued warnings at every port in the country to prevent the spread of monkeypox. The Directorate spokesperson Nazmul Islam said that the DGHS has asked all air, land and sea ports to be alert. Suspected cases are instructed to be sent to an infectious disease hospital and kept in isolation.
•  India: Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya directed the National Centre for Disease Control and the ICMR to keep a close watch and monitor the situation. The Union Health Ministry has also directed airport and port health officers to be vigilant, according to official sources. They have been instructed to isolate and send samples to the National Institute of Virology of any sick passenger with a travel history to infected countries.
•  Indonesia: When cases of monkeypox were reported in Australia in May 2022, they triggered the alert of health authorities in Indonesia. Mohammad Syahril, ministry spokesperson, urged medical personnel and the country's population to be alert and aware of the symptoms of the disease.

Outbreak by regions and countries

Middle East

Israel

United Arab Emirates

South Asia

Afghanistan

On 29 May, the Islamic Republic News Agency and other news agencies reported two suspected cases of monkeypox who came back from Iran in Nimruz Province citing local newspapers and the Ministry of Health and provincial health authorities.

On 31 May, ministry spokesperson Javid Hazhir stated that suspected cases in Nimruz, Kabul and Herat provinces tested negative. He also stated that the Emirate has the capability to test monkeypox cases.

On 5 May, it was reported that WHO will give test kits to the Taliban-controlled Ministry of Public Health, as they were lacking kits. Ministry spokesperson stated that suspected cases in Maidan Wardak and Nangarhar provinces along with other provinces which were stated earlier tested negative and the country is free of Monkeypox.

Bangladesh

Bangladeshi health authorities declared alert on every ports in the country in mid-May. Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka was in high alert.

Notes

References

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4. ^ "Mpox". World Health Organization (WHO). 17 August 2024. Archived from the original on 19 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
5. "WHO Factsheet – Mpox (Monkeypox)". World Health Organization (WHO). 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
6. "Mpox Symptoms". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 15 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
7. ^ "WHO Factsheet – Mpox (Monkeypox)". World Health Organization (WHO). 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
8. Christodoulidou MM, Mabbott NA (1 January 2023). "Efficacy of smallpox vaccines against Mpox infections in humans". Immunotherapy Advances. 3 (1): ltad020. doi:10.1093/immadv/ltad020. PMC 10598838. PMID 37886620.
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11. "Monkeypox – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". World Health Organization. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
12. Pinkstone, Joe (17 May 2022). "Monkeypox 'spreading in sexual networks'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
13. Nsofor, Ifeanyi (2 June 2022). "OPINION: Media coverage of monkeypox paints it as an African virus. That makes me mad". NPR. Retrieved 2 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
14. "Monkeypox: Government put ports on alert". The Business Standard. 21 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
15. "মাঙ্কিপক্স ঠেকাতে বন্দরে বাড়তি সতর্কতা" [Extra precautions at ports to prevent monkeypox]. Bangladesh Pratidin (in Bengali). 22 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
16. "Monkeypox outbreak: India to screen arrival for virus signs, isolate sick patients; details here". Zee News. 21 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
17. Loasana, Nina. "Indonesia on alert as monkeypox emerges in Australia". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
18. "ثبت دو مورد مشکوک ابتلا به آبله میمون در افغانستان" [2 suspected cases of monkeypox registered in Afghanistan]. Islamic Republic News Agency (in Persian). 29 May 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
19. "Concerns over the outbreak of monkeypox in Afghanistan". Aamaj News. 30 May 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
20. "IEA denies reports of monkeypox in Afghanistan". Ariana News (Afghanistan). 2022-05-31. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
21. "Afghanistan to receive monkeypox test kits from WHO". Telangana Today. 7 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
22. "WHO to provide MoPH kits for monkeypox tests". Pajhwok. 2022-06-06. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
23. "Monkeypox: Government put ports on alert". The Business Standard. 21 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
24. "Dhaka airport on high alert over monkeypox". Dhaka Tribune. 22 May 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.

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