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Revision as of 21:26, 14 July 2022 by 175.110.153.95 (talk) (Don’t read it.)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) American vehicle for hire, freight, food delivery, courier, and parcel delivery company For other uses, see Über and Uber (disambiguation).
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Uber Technologies, Inc.
Headquarters in San Francisco (2020)
FormerlyUbercab (2009–2011)
Company typePublic
Traded as
Industry
FoundedMarch 2009; 15 years ago (2009-03)
Founders
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California, U.S.
Area servedApproximately 72 countries and 10,500 cities
Key people
ProductsMobile app, website
Services
RevenueIncrease US$17.46 billion (2021)
Operating incomeIncrease −US$3.83 billion (2021)
Net incomeIncrease −US$0.50 billion (2021)
Total assetsIncrease US$38.77 billion (2021)
Total equityDecrease US$12.27 billion (2021)
Number of employees29,300 (2021)
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.uber.com
Footnotes / references
Yellow Uber car in Moscow
An Uber driver in Bogotá, Colombia with the Uber app on a dashboard-mounted smartphone

Uber Technologies, Inc. (Uber) is an American mobility as a service provider, allowing users to book a car and driver to transport them in a way similar to a taxi. It is based in San Francisco with operations in approximately 72 countries and 10,500 cities in 2021. Its services include ride-hailing, food delivery (Uber Eats and Postmates), package delivery, couriers, freight transportation, electric bicycle and motorized scooter rental via a partnership with Lime, and Thames Clipper river bus transport in partnership with local operators. Uber does not own any vehicles, but receives a commission from each booking. Fares, which vary using a dynamic pricing model based on local supply and demand at the time of the booking, are quoted to the customer in advance.

Uber offers many different types of ride options. UberX is the most popular and the standard service of the company. UberXL, Uber Comfort, and Uber Black are other options offered by the company. UberXL cars are usually SUV-sized vehicles that can accommodate 6 passengers. Uber's premium service is Uber Black. Uber Black drivers have to be highly rated and drive more luxurious vehicles than UberX and UberXL. Uber Comfort guarantees a newer vehicle with more leg room.

In the fourth quarter of 2021, Uber had 118 million monthly active users worldwide and generated an average of 19 million trips per day. In the United States, as of January 2022, Uber had a 71% market share for ride-sharing and a 27% market share for food delivery. Uber has been so prominent in the sharing economy that commoditization of service industries using computing platforms has been referred to as uberisation, and several startups have described their offerings as "Uber for X". Uber has posted hundreds of millions or billions of dollars in losses each year since 2014 except for 2018, when it exited from the markets in Russia, China, and Southeast Asia in exchange for stakes in rival businesses.

Like similar companies, Uber has been criticized for the treatment of its drivers as gig workers and independent contractors, disruption of taxicab businesses, and an increase in traffic congestion. The company has been criticized for various unethical practices—many revealed by a massive document leak in July 2022—and for ignoring local regulations. The legality of Uber has been questioned, and the company has been banned in several countries.

History

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Uber.
Travis Kalanick, former CEO of Uber, in 2013

In 2009, Uber was founded as Ubercab by Garrett Camp, a computer programmer and the co-founder of StumbleUpon, and Travis Kalanick, who sold his Red Swoosh startup for $19 million in 2007.

After Camp and his friends spent $800 hiring a private driver, he wanted to find a way to reduce the cost of direct transportation. He realized that sharing the cost with people could make it affordable, and his idea morphed into Uber. Kalanick joined Camp and gives him "full credit for the idea" of Uber. The prototype was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the "mega advisor" to the company.

In February 2010, Ryan Graves became the first Uber employee, receiving the job by responding to a post on Twitter. Graves started out as general manager and was named CEO shortly after the launch. In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO. Graves became chief operating officer (COO). By 2019, Graves owned 31.9 million shares.

Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011. Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was 1.5 times that of a taxi. In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators.

The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a computational neuroscientist, and a machinery expert who worked on predicting demand for private hire car drivers. In April 2012, Uber launched a service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app.

In July 2012, the company introduced UberX, a cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, including their personal vehicles, subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards. By early 2013, the service was operating in 35 cities.

In December 2013, USA Today named Uber its tech company of the year.

In August 2014, Uber launched a shared transport service in the San Francisco Bay Area. The service soon launched in other cities worldwide.

In August 2014, Uber launched Uber Eats, a food delivery service.

Uber logo used from February 2016 until September 2018

In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to DiDi in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi. DiDi agreed to invest $1 billion in Uber. Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù).

In December 2016, Uber acquired the AI research startup Geometric Intelligence for an undisclosed amount. This coincided with the announcement of Uber AI Labs. Geometric Intelligence’s 15 person staff formed the initial core of the AI Labs team.

In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi, the former CEO of Expedia Group, replaced Kalanick as CEO. In July 2017, Uber received a five-star privacy rating from the Electronic Frontier Foundation, but was harshly criticised by the group in September 2017 for a controversial policy of tracking customers' locations even after a ride ended, forcing the company to reverse its policy.

In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan with those of Yandex.Taxi and invested $225 million in the venture. In March 2018, Uber merged its services in Southeast Asia with those of Grab in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab.

In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the Linux Foundation.

On May 10, 2019, Uber became a public company via an initial public offering.

In June 2019, both COO Barney Harford and CMO Rebecca Messina stepped down. In July 2019, the marketing department was reduced by a third, with the layoff of 400 people amidst continued losses. Engineer hires were frozen. In early September 2019, Uber laid off an additional 435 employees with 265 coming from the engineering team and another 170 from the product team.

In 2020, Uber announced plans to become an emission free platform. Uber introduced Uber Green, promoting users to choose electric and hybrid vehicles.

In January 2020, Uber acquired Careem for $3.1 billion.

In the same month, Uber sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to Zomato, in exchange for 9.99% of Zomato.

Also in January 2020, Uber tested a feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates for UberX and UberXL trips.

On May 5, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Uber announced plans to layoff 3,700 employees, around 14% of its workforce. On May 18, 2020, 3,000 more job cuts and 45 office closures were announced. Around the same time, construction finished on Uber's new headquarters on Third Street in San Francisco's Mission Bay neighborhood, consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways. Like various other office complexes in San Francisco, Uber's campus includes a public plaza, which the San Francisco Chronicle's architecture critic John King called the city's "best new public space", while praising the entire ensemble for its "low-key sophistication – not what you’d expect from a firm with a rapacious image."

In June 2020, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for Marin Transit, a public bus agency in Marin County, California. This partnership is Uber's first SaaS partnership.

In July 2020, Uber in partnership with its majority-owned Cornershop, launched Uber grocery delivery service in Latin America, Canada, Miami, and Dallas.

On December 1, 2020, Uber acquired Postmates for $2.65 billion.

In October 2021, Uber acquired Drizly, an alcohol delivery service, for $1.1 billion in cash and stock. On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company Car Next Door.

On March 11, 2022, Uber added a fuel surcharge to rides in the United States and Canada due to the ongoing energy crisis. The new surcharge will be different depending on the trip length and gas prices in each state. In April 2022, Uber announced that the company will no longer require masks for US riders and drivers (subject to local regulations in some jurisdictions), and that riders may use the front seats if they are traveling as part of a group.

In May 2022, Uber formed a partnership with IT Taxi, Italy's largest taxi dispatcher. Through the partnership, it was agreed that Uber would integrate with the dispatcher, adding 12,000 drivers to over 80 cities in the country.

Former operations

Self-driving cars

Testing a Volvo XC90 self-driving car in San Francisco

Uber ATG/Advanced Technologies Group, minority-owned by SoftBank Vision Fund, Toyota, and Denso, was developing self-driving cars. In early 2015, the company hired approximately 50 people from the robotics department of Carnegie Mellon University. On September 14, 2016, it launched self-driving cars in Pittsburgh using a fleet of Ford Fusion cars and on December 14, 2016, it began testing self-driving Volvo XC90 SUVs in San Francisco. After the California Department of Motor Vehicles forced the program to cease operations a week later, the program was moved to Arizona. In March 2018, it paused testing after the death of Elaine Herzberg in Tempe, Arizona. Uber restarted testing in December 2018 after receiving local approval in Pittsburgh and Toronto. In January 2021, with Uber ATG described as a "cash-burn machine", the division was sold to Aurora Innovation for $4 billion and Uber invested $400 million into Aurora, taking a 26% ownership stake.

Autonomous trucks

In 2016, Uber acquired Ottomotto, a self-driving truck company, for $625 million. Ottomotto was founded by Anthony Levandowski, previously of Waymo, who allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he downloaded while at Waymo. In February 2018, to settle a lawsuit regarding the stolen trade secrets, Uber gave Waymo $244 million in stock and agreed not to infringe on Waymo's intellectual property. Uber cancelled its self-driving truck program in July 2018.

In June 2022, Uber struck a deal with Waymo to use the latter's technology for autonomous trucks in Uber's Freight service.

Air services

In October 2019, in partnership with HeliFlight, Uber offered 8-minute helicopter flights between Manhattan and John F. Kennedy International Airport for $200-$225 per passenger.

In December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using VTOL aircraft, to Joby Aviation.

Uber Rent

Uber Rent, powered by Getaround, was a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco between May 2018 and November 2018.

Uber Works

In October 2019, Uber launched Uber Works to connect workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses. The app was initially available only in Chicago and expanded to Miami in December 2019. The service was shut down in May 2020.

Uber AI

In December 2016, Uber launched Uber AI, a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning. Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as Pyro, Ludwig, and Plato. Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as the POET algorithm and their sequence of papers on neuroevolution. Uber AI was shut down in May 2020 in order to refocus on Uber’s core operations in an effort to recover financial losses dealt by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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