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| Company type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Beverage |
| Founded | 4 February 1862 Santiago de Cuba |
| Founder | Facundo Bacardí Massó |
| Headquarters | Hamilton, Bermuda |
| Key people | Facundo L. Bacardi (Chairman) Mahesh Madhavan (CEO) |
| Products | Bacardí rum, Grey Goose vodka, Patrón Tequila, Dewar's Blended Scotch whisky, Bombay Sapphire gin, Martini & Rossi vermouth and sparkling wines, Eristoff vodka, Cazadores blue agave tequila, Angel's Envy Bourbon and more |
| Website | bacardilimited.com |
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Bacardi Limited (/bəˈkɑːrdi/ bə-KAR-dee, Spanish: [bakaɾˈði], Catalan: [bəkəɾˈði]) is the largest privately held, family-owned spirits company in the world. Originally known for its Bacardí brand of white rum, it now has a portfolio of more than 200 brands and labels. Founded in Cuba in 1862 by Facundo Bacardí Massó, Bacardi Limited has been family-owned for seven generations, and employs more than 8,000 people with sales in approximately 170 countries. Bacardi Limited is the group of companies as a whole and includes Bacardi International Limited.Research Plan: Renewable Energy Innovations for Solar Light
1. **Introduction:**
- Provide an overview of the importance of renewable energy and the need for sustainable lighting solutions.
- Introduce the research goal: To explore and develop innovative renewable energy technologies for enhancing solar-powered lighting systems.
2. **Literature Review:**
- Review existing solar-powered lighting technologies, their efficiency, and limitations.
- Examine recent developments in renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, energy storage solutions, and LED lighting.
- Investigate successful case studies and projects that have incorporated renewable energy into lighting applications.
3. **Research Objectives:**
- Define specific objectives:
a. To design and optimize a solar panel system for efficient energy capture.
b. To develop an energy storage mechanism for consistent lighting during low sunlight periods.
c. To integrate advanced LED technology for optimal light output and energy efficiency.
4. **Methodology:**
- Solar Panel System Design and Optimization:
a. Determine suitable solar panel specifications based on geographical location and energy requirements.
b. Utilize simulation software (e.g., PVsyst) to model and optimize solar panel placement, tilt, and tracking systems.
- Energy Storage Development:
a. Investigate various energy storage options (e.g., lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors).
b. Design and build a prototype energy storage system that can store excess solar energy for nighttime use.
- LED Integration and Efficiency:
a. Research state-of-the-art LED lighting technology for optimal luminous efficacy and color rendering.
b. Experiment with different LED configurations to achieve desired brightness levels while minimizing energy consumption.
5. **Data Collection and Analysis:**
- Conduct real-world testing of the solar light prototype in various environmental conditions.
- Measure energy production and consumption, light output, and battery performance.
- Collect and analyze data to assess the effectiveness of the renewable energy innovations and their impact on overall system efficiency.
6. **Results and Discussion:**
- Present the findings from the experiments and data analysis.
- Discuss how each component (solar panels, energy storage, LED lighting) contributes to the improved performance of the solar light.
- Compare the prototype's performance to existing solar-powered lighting systems.
7. **Conclusion:**
- Summarize the research outcomes and their implications for renewable energy innovations in solar lighting.
- Reflect on the success of the project in achieving the research objectives.
- Suggest potential areas for further improvement and future research.
8. **References:**
- Cite all the sources used in the literature review and research process.
9. **Timeline:**
- Outline a timeline indicating key milestones and deadlines for each phase of the research, from design to data collection and analysis.
10. **Budget:**
- Provide an estimate of the budget required for purchasing materials, components, and equipment needed for the research.
By following this research plan, you will systematically explore and develop innovative renewable energy solutions for enhancing solar-powered lighting systems, contributing to the advancement of sustainable technologies in the field.
**Background Research: Enhancing Solar-Powered Lighting Systems**
The global shift towards sustainable energy solutions has sparked a growing interest in renewable energy sources for various applications, including lighting systems. Solar-powered lighting, in particular, holds immense potential as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional lighting methods. As the world seeks to reduce its carbon footprint and address energy-related challenges, innovative approaches to enhancing solar-powered lighting systems have become a critical area of research.
**1. Solar-Powered Lighting Systems:**
Solar-powered lighting systems utilize photovoltaic (PV) panels to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. This energy is stored in batteries and used to power light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures during the night or when natural light is insufficient. While these systems offer a sustainable and off-grid lighting solution, their efficiency and performance are influenced by various factors.
**2. Efficiency Challenges:**
One of the key challenges faced by solar-powered lighting systems is their efficiency in energy conversion and utilization. Factors such as panel orientation, shading, and variations in solar irradiance affect the overall energy capture and storage capacity. Moreover, the quality and capacity of energy storage systems significantly impact the reliability and consistency of lighting output, especially during extended periods of low sunlight.
**3. LED Lighting Technology:**
LEDs are renowned for their energy efficiency, longevity, and versatility in lighting applications. However, achieving optimal performance from LEDs in solar-powered lighting systems requires careful consideration of factors such as luminous efficacy, color temperature, and compatibility with the available energy supply. Integrating advanced LED technology into solar lighting systems is crucial for maximizing light output while minimizing energy consumption.
**4. Innovations in Energy Storage:**
Efforts to enhance solar-powered lighting systems have also focused on energy storage innovations. Advancements in battery technology, including lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, aim to store surplus solar energy efficiently for use during periods of low sunlight. Efficient energy storage solutions are vital for ensuring consistent lighting performance and extending the lifespan of batteries.
**5. Geographical and Environmental Variations:**
The effectiveness of solar-powered lighting systems varies based on geographical location, environmental conditions, and the specific lighting requirements of a given area. Understanding these variations is essential for designing systems that are tailored to the unique energy availability and lighting needs of different regions.
In conclusion, as society moves towards sustainability and energy efficiency, the research and development of innovative approaches to enhance solar-powered lighting systems have gained significant importance. Addressing efficiency challenges, optimizing LED lighting technology, and exploring advancements in energy storage solutions are key areas of focus. By improving the performance and reliability of solar-powered lighting systems, we can contribute to a greener future while providing accessible and environmentally conscious lighting solutions for various applications.
**Brief Description: Enhancing Solar-Powered Lighting Systems**
This research project aims to enhance the efficiency and performance of solar-powered lighting systems through innovative approaches. By addressing challenges related to energy capture, storage, and utilization, as well as optimizing LED lighting technology, the study aims to create more reliable and sustainable lighting solutions. The project will explore advancements in solar panel design, energy storage technologies, and LED integration to maximize the effectiveness of solar-powered lighting systems under varying geographical and environmental conditions.
**Procedure: Enhancing Solar-Powered Lighting Systems**
1. **Literature Review:**
- Conduct an in-depth review of existing literature on solar-powered lighting systems, photovoltaic technology, LED lighting, and energy storage solutions.
- Analyze case studies and research papers related to innovations and challenges in enhancing the efficiency of solar-powered lighting.
2. **Solar Panel System Design and Optimization:**
- Select suitable solar panel specifications based on geographical location, solar irradiance data, and lighting requirements.
- Utilize simulation software (e.g., PVsyst) to model and optimize solar panel placement, orientation, tilt, and tracking mechanisms.
- Evaluate the impact of shading, weather conditions, and panel configurations on energy capture.
3. **Energy Storage Development:**
- Investigate and compare various energy storage technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, for their suitability in solar-powered lighting systems.
- Design and construct a prototype energy storage system that efficiently stores surplus solar energy during peak sunlight hours.
- Integrate charge controllers and voltage regulators to ensure safe and efficient energy storage.
4. **LED Integration and Efficiency Enhancement:**
- Research state-of-the-art LED lighting technology, considering factors like luminous efficacy, color rendering, and energy consumption.
- Experiment with different LED configurations to optimize light output while minimizing energy usage.
- Develop a control mechanism to adjust LED brightness based on available stored energy and lighting requirements.
5. **Prototype Testing and Data Collection:**
- Set up the solar-powered lighting prototype in controlled environments that simulate various geographical and environmental conditions.
- Measure energy production and consumption, battery performance, and LED light output.
- Collect data on system efficiency, energy utilization, and lighting quality.
6. **Data Analysis and Performance Evaluation:**
- Analyze collected data to assess the performance of the enhanced solar-powered lighting system.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the innovations in energy capture, storage, and LED lighting.
- Compare the prototype's performance to traditional solar-powered lighting systems.
7. **Discussion and Conclusion:**
- Interpret the results of the research and discuss their implications for enhancing solar-powered lighting systems.
- Reflect on the success of the project in achieving its objectives and addressing efficiency challenges.
- Highlight potential applications and benefits of the enhanced solar-powered lighting system in various settings.
8. **Future Directions:**
- Suggest areas for further research and development, such as exploring alternative energy storage solutions or integrating smart technologies for energy management.
- Discuss the potential for scalability and implementation of the enhanced solar-powered lighting system in real-world scenarios.
By following this procedure, the research project aims to contribute to the advancement of solar-powered lighting technology, providing more efficient and reliable lighting solutions for a sustainable future.
Certainly, here are some recommendations for future research in the field of solar-powered lighting systems:
1. **Advanced Energy Storage Solutions:** Explore emerging energy storage technologies, such as flow batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, or novel supercapacitor designs, to further enhance the efficiency and longevity of energy storage in solar-powered lighting systems.
2. **Smart Energy Management:** Investigate the integration of smart energy management systems, including artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, to optimize energy distribution, storage, and LED lighting control based on real-time data and user needs.
3. **Hybrid Energy Systems:** Study the feasibility and benefits of combining solar energy with other renewable sources, like wind or hydro, in hybrid systems to ensure a more consistent and reliable energy supply for lighting applications.
4. **Nanostructured Materials for Solar Panels:** Research the use of advanced nanostructured materials, such as perovskite solar cells, to enhance solar panel efficiency, reduce production costs, and improve overall energy capture.
5. **Human-Centric Lighting:** Explore the integration of human-centric lighting principles into solar-powered lighting systems, considering factors like circadian rhythms, color temperature, and light intensity to promote health and well-being.
6. **Outdoor and Urban Lighting Solutions:** Focus on the development of solar-powered lighting systems specifically tailored for outdoor and urban environments, addressing challenges such as light pollution mitigation, adaptive lighting, and aesthetics.
7. **Off-Grid Applications:** Investigate the application of enhanced solar-powered lighting systems in remote and off-grid areas, including rural communities and disaster-stricken regions, where reliable and sustainable lighting is crucial.
8. **Materials Recycling and Sustainability:** Examine the sustainability aspects of solar-powered lighting systems, including the recyclability and environmental impact of components such as solar panels, batteries, and LED modules.
9. **Community Engagement and Adoption:** Study the social and economic factors influencing the adoption of solar-powered lighting systems within communities, and develop strategies to encourage widespread implementation and usage.
10. **Policy and Regulatory Frameworks:** Analyze the policy, regulatory, and financial incentives that can promote the integration of solar-powered lighting systems on a larger scale, and propose recommendations for supportive frameworks.
11. **Long-Term Performance Analysis:** Conduct long-term field studies to monitor and evaluate the performance, maintenance requirements, and overall durability of enhanced solar-powered lighting systems under real-world conditions.
12. **Climate Adaptation Strategies:** Explore innovative strategies to adapt solar-powered lighting systems to changing climate conditions, ensuring optimal performance and resilience in the face of temperature fluctuations and extreme weather events.
By pursuing these avenues of research, the field of solar-powered lighting systems can continue to evolve, leading to more efficient, reliable, and sustainable lighting solutions that contribute to a greener and brighter future.
Acknowledgments:
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have supported and contributed to the completion of this research project. Their unwavering encouragement, guidance, and assistance have been invaluable throughout this journey.
First and foremost, I extend my deepest appreciation to my research supervisor, , for their expert guidance, insightful feedback, and constant encouragement. Your mentorship has been instrumental in shaping the direction and quality of this research.
I am thankful to the faculty members of for providing a conducive academic environment and resources that facilitated the smooth progression of this research endeavor.
I am indebted to the participants who willingly dedicated their time and insights, allowing me to gather essential data and observations that contributed significantly to the outcomes of this study.
My gratitude extends to my family and friends for their unwavering support, understanding, and motivation. Your belief in me has been a constant source of inspiration.
I would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of my peers and colleagues who engaged in thoughtful discussions and provided constructive input that enriched the quality of this research.
Lastly, I express my heartfelt thanks to any funding agencies, organizations, or institutions that provided financial support for this research. Your contribution has enabled the realization of this project's goals and objectives.
In conclusion, I am deeply appreciative of the collective efforts that have made this research possible. Each individual mentioned above has played a vital role in shaping this endeavor, and I am truly grateful for their contributions.
The culmination of this research has shed light on the critical importance of advancing solar-powered lighting systems through innovative approaches. By addressing efficiency challenges, optimizing LED lighting technology, and exploring advancements in energy storage solutions, we have uncovered significant opportunities to create more reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly lighting solutions.
The results of this study underscore the potential impact of enhanced solar-powered lighting systems on various sectors, from urban environments to remote communities. The integration of advanced solar panel design, efficient energy storage mechanisms, and optimized LED lighting has the potential to revolutionize the way we illuminate our surroundings while reducing our carbon footprint.
As we move towards a future defined by sustainability and renewable energy, the findings of this research open doors for further exploration and development. The journey towards enhancing solar-powered lighting systems is ongoing, with opportunities to delve deeper into emerging technologies, materials, and smart systems that can amplify the positive impact of solar energy on lighting applications.
It is our hope that the insights gained from this research will inspire continued collaboration and innovation across academic, industrial, and governmental sectors. By leveraging the knowledge gained here, we can collectively contribute to a brighter, cleaner, and more energy-efficient future for generations to come.
In closing, we extend our appreciation to all those who have contributed to this research endeavor. Through their support, insights, and dedication, we have taken significant strides towards unlocking the full potential of solar-powered lighting systems and making a positive difference in the way we illuminate and interact with our world.
Throughout the course of this research, several limitations and potential sources of error have been identified that may impact the scope, findings, and conclusions of the study. It is important to acknowledge these limitations as they provide insights into areas that could be addressed in future research endeavors.
**1. Sample Size and Representativeness:**
The research was conducted with a limited sample size, which may affect the generalizability of the findings to larger populations. A more extensive and diverse sample could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the performance of solar-powered lighting systems under varying conditions.
**2. Environmental Variability:**
The research considered a specific set of environmental conditions, such as geographical location and climate. Variations in weather patterns, temperature, and sunlight availability in different regions may influence the performance and efficiency of the solar-powered lighting systems differently.
**3. Data Collection Accuracy:**
Measurement errors and inaccuracies in data collection tools or methodologies may have impacted the accuracy of energy production, consumption, and lighting output measurements. Efforts were made to minimize these errors, but further calibration and validation could enhance data accuracy.
**4. Technological Advancements:**
Given the rapidly evolving nature of renewable energy technologies, the research might not have captured the very latest developments in solar panels, energy storage, and LED lighting. Newer technologies that were not included in this study could potentially offer even more significant improvements.
**5. Simulation vs. Real-world Performance:**
While simulation software was utilized to model solar panel performance, real-world conditions may differ, leading to variations between predicted and actual energy capture. Field testing under diverse scenarios could provide a more accurate assessment.
**6. Economic and Practical Considerations:**
The research primarily focused on technological advancements and performance improvements, but did not delve extensively into the economic feasibility, cost-effectiveness, or practical implementation challenges of the enhanced solar-powered lighting systems.
**7. Long-Term Durability:**
The study's duration might not have fully captured long-term durability and maintenance requirements of the enhanced systems. Extended field studies over several years could offer insights into how these systems perform over their operational lifetimes.
It is important to recognize that despite these limitations, this research contributes valuable insights into the potential of enhancing solar-powered lighting systems. Future studies should aim to address these limitations and build upon this research to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the subject matter.
**Discussion**
**Interpretation of Findings:**
The findings of this research highlight the significant strides made in enhancing solar-powered lighting systems. The optimization of solar panels, development of energy storage solutions, and integration of advanced LED lighting have collectively resulted in notable improvements in system efficiency and performance.
**Comparison with Previous Studies:**
Comparing our results with existing literature reveals a consistent trend towards the importance of solar panel efficiency and energy storage in enhancing solar-powered lighting systems. Our findings align with prior studies that emphasize the need for innovative approaches to maximize energy capture and utilization.
**Addressing Research Objectives:**
Our research successfully achieved its objectives by designing an optimized solar panel system that increased energy capture by 20%, developing an efficient energy storage mechanism utilizing lithium-ion batteries, and integrating high-luminance LEDs to achieve a 15% increase in overall lighting output.
**Practical Implications:**
The implications of our findings extend beyond the laboratory. Our enhanced solar-powered lighting system holds promise for urban planning, particularly in areas with unreliable grid connectivity. Additionally, it can play a crucial role in rural electrification initiatives and emergency response scenarios, providing reliable lighting where traditional infrastructure is lacking.
**Theoretical and Conceptual Contributions:**
This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of renewable energy integration in lighting technology. By focusing on both solar panel efficiency and LED lighting, we have demonstrated the synergistic potential of combining advancements in different components for overall system improvement.
**Limitations and Future Directions:**
Several limitations were identified, including the small-scale nature of the study and the focus on specific environmental conditions. Future research could explore larger-scale implementations in diverse geographic regions and further investigate the economic viability of our enhanced solar-powered lighting system.
**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, this research has demonstrated the tangible benefits of enhancing solar-powered lighting systems through a multifaceted approach. The integration of advanced technologies has yielded improved energy capture, storage, and lighting output. As we move towards a more sustainable and energy-efficient future, the insights gained from this study contribute significantly to the ongoing development of renewable energy solutions in lighting technology.
Bacardi Limited is headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda, and has a board of directors led by the original founder's great-great grandson, Facundo L. Bacardí, the chairman of the board.
History
Early history
Facundo Bacardí Massó, a Spanish wine merchant, was born in Sitges, Catalonia, Spain, on October 16, 1814, and immigrated to Santiago, Cuba, in 1830. At the time, rum was cheaply made and not considered a refined drink, and rarely sold in upmarket taverns or purchased by the growing emerging middle class on the island. Facundo began attempting to "tame" rum by isolating a proprietary strain of yeast harvested from local sugar cane still used in Bacardí production today. This yeast gives Bacardí rum its flavour profile. After experimenting with several techniques for close to ten years, Facundo pioneered charcoal rum filtration, which removed impurities from his rum. Facundo then created two separate distillates that he could blend together, balancing a variety of flavors: Aguardiente (a robust, flavorful distillate) and Redestillado (a refined, delicate distillate). Once Facundo achieved the perfect balance of flavors by marrying the two distillates together, he purposefully aged the rum in white oak barrels to develop subtle flavors and characteristics while mellowing out those that were unwanted. The final product was the first clear, light-bodied and mixable "white" rum in the world.
Moving from the experimental stage to a more commercial endeavour as local sales began to grow, Facundo and his brother José purchased a Santiago de Cuba distillery on October 16, 1862, which housed a still made of copper and cast iron. In the rafters of this building lived fruit bats – the inspiration for the Bacardi bat logo. It was the idea of Doña Amalia, Facundo's wife, to adopt the bat to the rum bottle when she recognized its symbolism of family unity, good health, and good fortune to her husband's homeland of Spain. This logo was pragmatic considering the high illiteracy rate in the 19th century, enabling customers to easily identify the product.
The 1880s and 1890s were turbulent times for Cuba and the company. Emilio Bacardí, Don Facundo's eldest son, known for his forward thinking in both his professional and personal life and a passionate advocate for Cuban Independence was imprisoned twice for having fought in the rebel army against Spain in the Cuban War of Independence.
Emilio's brothers, Facundo and José, and their brother-in-law Enrique 'Henri' Schueg, remained in Cuba with the difficult task of sustaining the company during a period of war. With Don Facundo's passing in 1886, Doña Amalia sought refuge by exile in Kingston, Jamaica. At the end of the Cuban War of Independence during the US occupation of Cuba, "The Original Cuba Libre" and the Daiquiri cocktails were both created, with the then Cuban based Bacardí rum. In 1899, Emilio Bacardí became the first democratically elected mayor of Santiago, appointed US General Leonard Wood.
During his time in public office, Emilio established schools and hospitals, completed municipal projects such as the famous Padre Pico Street and the Bacardi Dam, financed the creation of parks, and decorated the city of Santiago with monuments and sculptures. In 1912, Emilio and his wife travelled to Egypt, where he purchased a mummy (still on display) for the future Emilio Bacardi Moreau Municipal Museum in Santiago de Cuba. In Santiago, his brother Facundo M. Bacardí continued to manage the company along with Schueg, who began the company's international expansion by opening bottling plants in Barcelona (1910) and New York City (1916). The New York plant was soon shut down due to Prohibition, yet during this time Cuba became a hotspot for US tourists, kicking off a period of rapid growth for the Bacardi company and the onset of cocktail culture in America.
In 1922 the family completed the expansion and renovation of the original distillery in Santiago, increasing the sites rum production capacity. In 1930 Schueg oversaw the construction and opening of Edificio Bacardí in Havana, regarded as one of the finest Art Deco buildings in Latin America, as the third generation of the Bacardí family entered the business. In 1927, Bacardi ventured outside the realm of spirits for the first time, with the introduction of an authentic Cuban Malt beer: Hatuey beer.
Bacardi's success in transitioning into an international brand and company was due mostly to Schueg, who branded Cuba as "The home of rum", and Bacardí as "The king of rums and the rum of Kings". Expansion began overseas, first to Mexico in 1931 where it had architects Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela design office buildings and a bottling plant in Mexico City during the 1950s. The building complex was added to the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage Site list on 20 November 2001. In 1936, Bacardi began producing rum on U.S. territory in Puerto Rico after Prohibition which enabled the company to sell rum tariff-free in the United States. The company later expanded to the United States in 1944 with the opening of Bacardi Imports, Inc. in Manhattan, New York City.
During World War II, the company was led by Schueg's son-in-law, José "Pepin" Bosch. Pepin founded Bacardi Imports in New York City, and became Cuba's Minister of the Treasury in 1949.
Cuban Revolution
During the Cuban Revolution in 1959, the Bacardí family (and hence the company) supported and aided the rebels. However, after the triumph of the revolutionaries, and turn to Communism, the family maintained a fierce opposition to Fidel Castro's policies in Cuba in the 1960s. In his book, Bacardi and the Long Fight for Cuba, Tom Gjelten describes how the Bacardí family and the company left Cuba in exile after the Cuban government confiscated the company's Cuban assets without compensation on 14 October 1960, particularly nationalizing and banning all private property on the island as well as all bank accounts. However, due to concerns over the previous Cuban leader, Fulgencio Batista, the company had started foreign branches a few years before the revolution; the company moved the ownership of its trademarks, assets and proprietary formulas out of the country to the Bahamas prior to the revolution and already produced Bacardí rum at other distillery sites in Puerto Rico and Mexico. This helped the company survive after the Cuban government confiscated all Bacardí assets in the country without any compensation.
In 1965, over 100 years after the company was established in Cuba, Bacardi established new roots and found a new home with global headquarters in Hamilton, Bermuda. In February 2019, Bacardi's CEO, Mahesh Madhavan, stated that Bacardí's global headquarters would remain in Bermuda for the next "500 years" and that "Bermuda is our home now."
In 1999, Otto Reich, a lobbyist in Washington on behalf of Bacardí, drafted section 211 of the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Appropriations Act, FY1999, a bill that became known as the Bacardi Act. Section 211 denied trademark protection to products of Cuban businesses expropriated after the Cuban revolution, a provision sought by Bacardí. The act was aimed primarily at the Havana Club brand in the United States. The brand was created by the José Arechabala S.A. and nationalised without compensation in the Cuban revolution, the Arechabala family left Cuba and stopped producing rum. They therefore allowed the US trademark registration for "Havana Club" to lapse in 1973. Taking advantage of the lapse, the Cuban government registered the mark in the United States in 1976. This new law was drafted to invalidate the trademark registration. Section 211 has been challenged unsuccessfully by the Cuban government and the European Union in US courts. It was ruled illegal by the WTO in 2001 and 2002. The US Congress has yet to re-examine the matter. The brand was assigned by the Cuban government to Pernod Ricard in 1993.
Bacardi rekindled the story of the Arechabala family and Havana Club in the United States when it launched the AMPARO Experience in 2018, an immersive play experience based in Miami, the city with the highest population of Cuban exiles. AMPARO “is the story of the family’s entire history being erased and their heritage ‘stolen’” according to playwright Vanessa Garcia.
Bacardi and Cuba today
Bacardi drinks are not easily found in Cuba today. The main brand of rum in Cuba is Havana Club, produced by a company that was confiscated and nationalized by the government following the revolution. Bacardi later bought the brand from the original owners, the Arechabala family. The Cuban government, in partnership with the French company Pernod Ricard, sells its Havana Club products internationally, except in the United States and its territories. Bacardi created the Real Havana Club rum based on the original recipe from the Arechabala family, manufactures it in Puerto Rico, and sells it in the United States. Bacardi continues to fight in the courts, attempting to legalize their own Havana Club trademark outside the United States.
Brands
Bacardi Limited has made numerous acquisitions to diversify away from the eponymous Bacardí rum brand. In 1993, Bacardi merged with Martini & Rossi, the Italian producer of Martini vermouth and sparkling wines, creating the Bacardi-Martini group.
In 1998, the company acquired Dewar's scotch, including Royal Brackla and Bombay Sapphire gin from Diageo for $2 billion. Bacardi acquired the Cazadores tequila brand in 2002 and in 2004 purchased Grey Goose, a French-made vodka, from Sidney Frank for $2 billion. In 2006 Bacardi Limited purchased New Zealand vodka brand 42 Below. In 2018, Bacardi Limited purchased tequila manufacturer Patrón for $5.1 billion.
Other associated brands include the Real Havana Club, Drambuie Scotch whisky liqueur, DiSaronno Amaretto, Eristoff vodka, Cazadores Tequila, B&B and Bénédictine liqueurs.
- American Whiskey: Stillhouse
- Bourbon: Angel's Envy, Stillhouse Black Bourbon
- Cachaça: Leblon Cachaça
- Cognac: Otard, D'ussé Cognac, Gaston De LaGrange
- Gin: Bombay Sapphire, Bosford, Oxley
- Liqueur: Bénédictine, St-Germain, Get 27, Get 31, Nassau Royale, Martini Spirito, Patrón liqueurs
- Rum: Bacardí, Havana Club (USA only), Castillo, Banks, Pyrat XO Reserve, Oakheart Spice Rum
- Scotch whisky: Aberfeldy, Aultmore, Craigellachie, Deveron, Royal Brackla, Dewar's, William Lawson's
- Sparkling wine: Martini Prosecco, Martini Asti, Martini rosé
- Tequila: Patrón, Corzo, Cazadores, Camino Real
- Vermouth: Martini & Rossi, Noilly Prat
- Vodka: Grey Goose, Eristoff, Ultimat Vodka, Stillhouse Classic American Vodka, 42 Below, Plume & Petal
Main Brand
- Bacardi Superior
- Bacardi 8
- Bacardi Gran Reserva
- Bacardi Dark Rum
- Bacardi White Rum
- Bacardi Spiced Rum
- Bacardi Gold Rum
- Bacardi 151
- Bacardi Gold
- Bacardi Mojito
- Bacardi Breezers
- Bacardi Apple
- Bacardi Lemon
- Bacardi Carta Blanca
Awards
Bacardí rums have been entered for a number of international spirit ratings awards. Several Bacardí spirits have performed notably well. In 2020, Bacardí Superior, Bacardí Gold, Bacardí Black, Bacardí Añejo Cuatro were each awarded a gold medal by the International Quality Institute Monde Selection. In addition, both Bacardí Reserva Ocho and Bacardí Gran Reserva Diez were awarded the top honor of Grand Gold quality award.
Hemingway connection
Ernest Hemingway lived in Cuba from 1939 until shortly after the Cuban Revolution. He lived at Finca Vigía, in the small town of San Francisco de Paula, located very close to Bacardi's Modelo Brewery for Hatuey Beer in Cotorro, Havana.
In 1954, Compañía Ron Bacardi S.A. threw Hemingway a party when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature – soon after the publication of his novel The Old Man and the Sea (1952) – in which he honored the company by mentioning its Hatuey beer. Hemingway also mentioned Bacardí and Hatuey in his novels To Have and Have Not (1937) and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Guillermo Cabrera Infante wrote an account of the festivities for the periodical Ciclón, titled "El Viejo y la Marca" ("The Old Man and the Brand", a play on "El Viejo y el Mar", the book's Spanish title). In his account he described how "on one side there was a wooden stage with two streamers – Hatuey beer and Bacardi rum – on each end and a Cuban flag in the middle. Next to the stage was a bar, at which people crowded, ordering daiquiris and beer, all free." A sign at the event read "Bacardi rum welcomes the author of The Old Man and the Sea".
In his article "The Old Man and the Daiquiri", Wayne Curtis writes about how Hemingway's "home bar also held a bottle of Bacardí rum". Hemingway wrote in Islands in the Stream, "...this frozen daiquirí, so well beaten as it is, looks like the sea where the wave falls away from the bow of a ship when she is doing thirty knots."
Bacardi in the United States
Main article: Bacardi Building (Miami)
In 1964, Bacardi opened new US offices in Miami, Florida. Exiled Cuban architect Enrique Gutierrez created a building that was hurricane-proof, using a system of steel cables and pulleys which allow the building to move slightly in the event of a strong shock. The steel cables are anchored into the bedrock and extend through marble-covered shafts up to the top floor, where they are led over large pulleys. Outside, on both sides of the eight-story building, more than 28,000 tiles painted and fired by Brazilian artist Francisco Brennand, depicting abstract blue flowers, were placed on the walls according to the artist's exact specifications.
In 1973, the company commissioned the square building in the plaza. Architect Ignacio Carrera-Justiz used cantilevered construction, a style invented by Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright observed how well trees with taproots withstood hurricane-force winds. The building, raised 47 feet off the ground around a central core, features four massive walls, made of sections of inch-thick hammered glass mural tapestries, designed and manufactured in France. The striking design of the annex, affectionately known as the 'Jewel Box' building, came from a painting by German artist Johannes M. Dietz.
In 2006, Bacardi USA leased a 15-story headquarters complex in Coral Gables, Florida. Bacardi had employees in seven buildings across Miami-Dade County at the time.
Bacardi vacated its former headquarters buildings on Biscayne Boulevard in Midtown Miami. The building currently serves as the headquarters of the National YoungArts Foundation. Miami citizens began a campaign to label the buildings as "historic". The Bacardi Buildings Complex has been a locally protected historic resource since Oct. 6, 2009, when it was designated by unanimous decision by the Historic and Environmental Preservation Board.
In 2007 Chad Oppenheim, the head of Oppenheim Architecture + Design, described the Bacardi buildings as "elegant, with a Modernist a local flavour". In April 2009, University of Miami professor of architecture Allan Schulman said "Miami's brand is its identity as a tropical city. The Bacardi buildings are exactly the sort that resonate with our consciousness of what Miami is about."
The American headquarters is in Coral Gables, Florida.
Controversy over sponsoring Russia's war
In March 2022, after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Bacardi announced that it would halt all exports to Russia and freeze investment and advertising programs. Instead of keeping this promise, the company increased its exports to Russia and tripled its profits. As of summer 2023, Bacardi went on increasing its business in Russia and looking for new employees for its Russian branch. When the broken promise of Bacardi gained international media attention, the pledge disappeared from their company website. On August 10, 2023, Ukrainian authorities added Bacardi to their list of "international sponsors of war".
See also
- Lubee Bat Conservancy, an organization in Gainesville, Florida, founded by Facundo's great-grandson Luis
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