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Foreign relations of Mauritius

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Politics of Mauritius
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Foreign relations

Mauritius has strong and friendly relations with the West, with South Asian countries and with the countries of southern and eastern Africa. It is a member of the World Trade Organization, the Commonwealth of Nations, La Francophonie, the African Union, the Southern Africa Development Community, the Indian Ocean Commission, COMESA, and the recently formed Indian Ocean Rim Association.

Trade, commitment to democracy, and the country's small size are driving forces behind Mauritian foreign policy. The country's political heritage and dependence on Western markets have led to close ties with the European Union and its member states, particularly France, as well as the United Kingdom, a former member state. Mauritius' only immediate neighbour is Reunion Island, an overseas department of France that is also part of the European Union.

Considered part of Africa geographically, Mauritius has friendly relations with other African states in the region, particularly South Africa, by far its largest continental trading partner. Mauritian investors are gradually entering African markets, notably Madagascar and Mozambique. Mauritius coordinates much of its foreign policy with the Southern Africa Development Community and the Organisation of African Unity. The country is also a member of the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA).

Relations with France and India are strong for both historical and commercial reasons. Foreign embassies in Mauritius include Australia, South Korea, the United Kingdom, People's Republic of China, Egypt, France, India, Madagascar, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Bangladesh, and the United States.

Mauritius is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

International disputes

Mauritius claims the entire Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean and also claims the whole French-administered Tromelin Island.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries with which Mauritius maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  France 29 February 1968
2  United Kingdom 12 March 1968
3  United States 12 March 1968
4  India 12 March 1968
5  Pakistan 12 March 1968
6  Russia 17 March 1968
7  Germany 23 March 1968
8  Israel 23 April 1968
9  Canada 24 April 1968
10  New Zealand 28 April 1968
11  Madagascar 27 August 1968
12  Belgium 1968
13  Netherlands 5 March 1969
14   Switzerland 11 March 1969
15  Japan 22 October 1969
—  Holy See 9 March 1970
16  Egypt 26 March 1970
17  Italy 8 April 1970
18  Australia 25 September 1970
19  Serbia 6 October 1970
20  South Korea 3 July 1971
21  Iran 25 September 1971
22  China 15 April 1972
23  Bangladesh 1972
24  Norway 30 January 1973
25  Denmark 2 March 1973
26  North Korea 16 March 1973
27  Guinea 29 October 1973
28  Finland 31 October 1973
29  Sweden 1973
30  Argentina 8 April 1974
31  Jamaica 20 May 1974
32  Romania 25 June 1974
33  Barbados 14 December 1974
34  Brazil 1974
35  Bulgaria 20 June 1975
36  United Arab Emirates 4 January 1976
37  Kuwait 11 January 1976
38  Tunisia 9 February 1976
39  Algeria 12 February 1976
40  Bahrain 12 February 1976
41  Libya 17 February 1976
42  Iraq 22 March 1976
43  Oman 22 March 1976
44  Morocco 8 June 1976
45  Czech Republic 10 June 1976
46  Nigeria 16 June 1976
47  Democratic Republic of Congo 19 June 1976
48  Uganda 19 June 1976
49  Mexico 30 July 1976
50  Cuba 18 October 1976
51  Turkey 18 October 1976
52  Portugal 12 December 1976
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1977
53  Saudi Arabia 5 August 1978
54  Myanmar 30 December 1978
55  Thailand 22 January 1979
56  Poland 30 April 1979
57  Spain 30 May 1979
58  Maldives 15 January 1981
59    Nepal 12 February 1981
50  Greece 23 February 1981
61  Indonesia 27 May 1983
62  Gabon August 1983
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1983
63  Mozambique 29 November 1984
64  Comoros 25 February 1985
—  State of Palestine 10 October 1985
65  Malaysia 13 August 1986
66  Qatar 1986
67  Seychelles 17 June 1988
68  Chile 30 September 1988
69  Colombia 30 September 1988
70  Singapore 27 October 1989
71  Hungary 24 April 1990
72  Brunei 2 July 1990
73  Ukraine 12 October 1992
74  Guyana 1 December 1992
75  South Africa 7 December 1993
76  Vietnam 4 May 1994
77  Cambodia 18 May 1994
78  Slovakia 31 May 1995
79  Ethiopia June 1996
80  Azerbaijan 19 July 1996
81  Marshall Islands 23 October 1996
82  Slovenia 30 May 1997
83  Turkmenistan 2 July 1997
84  Namibia 16 July 1997
85  Croatia 3 September 1997
86  Philippines 23 January 1998
87  Uzbekistan 4 August 1999
88  Lithuania 20 September 1999
89  Ireland August 2000
90  Cyprus 1 February 2001
91  North Macedonia 7 February 2001
92  Malawi 9 February 2001
93  Rwanda 16 March 2001
94  Moldova 25 June 2001
95  Vanuatu 13 August 2001
96  El Salvador 6 September 2001
97  Estonia 24 October 2001
98  Laos 23 May 2002
99  Zimbabwe 6 December 2002
100  Latvia 12 February 2003
101  Sao Tome and Principe 28 February 2003
102  Gambia 4 March 2003
103  Burkina Faso 14 March 2003
104  East Timor 20 March 2003
105  Benin 24 March 2003
106  Dominican Republic 30 April 2003
107  Ecuador 13 May 2003
108  Fiji 2 September 2003
109  Dominica 23 September 2003
110  Belarus 26 September 2003
111  Mali 1 December 2003
112  Iceland 15 December 2003
113  Eritrea 21 April 2004
114  Equatorial Guinea 26 May 2004
115  Venezuela 2 May 2005
116  Malta 19 May 2005
117  Guatemala 7 September 2006
118  Andorra 21 December 2006
119  Tanzania 22 May 2007
120  Bosnia and Herzegovina 30 May 2007
121  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18 June 2007
122  Eswatini 29 January 2008
123  Sri Lanka 20 July 2010
124  Paraguay 28 September 2010
125  Mauritania 1 December 2010
126  Georgia 3 March 2011
127  Republic of Congo 6 July 2011
128  Honduras 8 September 2011
129  Bhutan 2 July 2012
130  Montenegro 26 September 2012
131  Armenia 28 June 2013
132  Mongolia 3 July 2014
133  Kazakhstan 15 October 2014
134  Saint Lucia 7 November 2014
135  Ivory Coast 4 March 2016
136  Kyrgyzstan 16 June 2016
137  Solomon Islands 1 July 2016
138  Saint Kitts and Nevis 25 November 2016
139  Djibouti 12 December 2016
140  Bahamas 18 January 2017
141  Togo 22 February 2017
142  Central African Republic 24 March 2017
143  Tajikistan 10 May 2017
144  Liechtenstein 12 May 2017
145  Federated States of Micronesia 10 October 2017
146  Haiti 13 February 2018
147  Palau 15 March 2018
148  Niger 26 March 2018
149  Belize 4 April 2018
150  San Marino 20 April 2018
151  Uruguay 15 May 2019
152  Suriname 21 March 2022
153  Albania Unknown
154  Angola Unknown
155  Austria Unknown
156  Botswana Unknown
157  Cape Verde Unknown
158  Ghana Unknown
159  Jordan Unknown
160  Kenya Unknown
161  Lesotho Unknown
162  Senegal Unknown
163  Sudan Unknown
164  Syria Unknown
165  Trinidad and Tobago Unknown
166  Zambia Unknown
167  Yemen Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia 25 September 1970
  • Australia has a high commission in Port Louis.
  • Mauritius has a high commission in Canberra.
 Bangladesh 1972 See Bangladesh–Mauritius relations

Bangladesh and Mauritius share a common heritage in culture and politics. Diplomatic relations were established in 1972, soon after the achievement of Bangladeshi independence. Both nations have rapidly growing trade ties and increasing investment and financial linkages. Bangladesh has a High Commission in Port Louis. The two countries are common members of the Indian Ocean Rim Association and the Commonwealth of Nations.

  • Bangladesh has a high commission in Port Louis.
  • Mauritius is accredited to Bangladesh from its high commission in New Delhi, India.
 Brazil 1975
  • Brazil is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Mauritius is accredited to Brazil from its embassy Washington, D.C., United States.
 Canada 1967

Canada and Mauritius established diplomatic relations in 1967. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations and La Francophonie.

  • Canada is accredited to Mauritius from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Port Louis.
  • Mauritius is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 China 15 April 1972 See China–Mauritius relations

Under the President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao in 2010, an investment package of $750m was allocated to Mauritius to develop the Jinfei Special Economic Zone which consists of 211 hectares (521 acres) of land. Buildings of infrastructure and services primarily serving interests of Chinese companies operating the African region but would also eventually open up to foreign parties. The proposed investment package also includes development of advance logistic operations in Mauritius, construction of a university and an oceanographic research centre. This investment package is Mauritius' largest single foreign direct investment ever.

 Cyprus 1 February 2001
  • Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations
  • List of bilateral agreements.
  • Cyprus is accredited to Mauritius from its High Commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Mauritius is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
 Ethiopia
  • Ethiopia is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe.
  • Mauritius has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
 France 12 March 1968 See France–Mauritius relations

France has remained one of its biggest trading partners; in addition, the two countries share close cultural ties in language, media and literature.

  • France has an embassy in Port Louis.
  • Mauritius has an embassy in Paris.
  • Both nations are members of La Francophonie.
 Germany 23 March 1968
  • Germany is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Antananarivo, Madagascar.
  • Mauritius has an embassy in Berlin.
 Greece 23 February 1981
  • Greece is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Mauritius is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
 Guyana 1 December 1992
  • Mauritius is accredited to Guyana from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 1, 1992.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 India 12 March 1968 See Mauritius–India relations

India and Mauritius established diplomatic relations in 1948. India has remained one of its biggest trading partners; in addition India has deep social and historical links with a large portion of the population of Mauritius, India is the country's second largest source of foreign assistance.

  • India has a High Commission in Port Louis
  • Mauritius has a High Commission in New Delhi. and a consulate in Mumbai.
 Israel

Both countries have signed many bilateral agreements.

 Kenya See Kenya–Mauritius relations
  • Kenya is accredited to Mauritius from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Mauritius is accredited to Kenya from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
 Madagascar 27 August 1968 See Madagascar–Mauritius relations
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Port Louis.
  • Mauritius has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Malaysia 13 August 1986 See Malaysia–Mauritius relations

Both countries share strong common ground when it comes to culture. Both were governed by both Dutch and British rulers and gained their independence in the second half of the twentieth century. Both have sizeable representations of Indian and Chinese ethnic groups. Of the 30,000 people of Chinese ancestry residing in Mauritius, the vast majority come from the Hakka and Cantonese provinces, both of which are well present among Malaysia's population of Chinese ancestry. In both countries, Islam, Hinduism and Christianity are represented by important communities. Thus, Malaysia's population consists of 60.4% Muslims, 6.4% of Hindus and 9.1% of Christians; the respective figures for Mauritius are 16.6%, 52% and 30%.

Mauritius has established a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia is not represented by a High Commission in Mauritius, the closest delegates being posted to Zimbabwe. A Double Taxation Avoidance agreement exists between the two countries. Malaysian nationals do not require a visa to enter Mauritius, and Mauritian passport holders do not require a visa to enter Malaysia for tourism.

In recent years, the spectacular development experienced by Malaysia has seen a steady increase in the number of Mauritian visitors to the country. Official figures reveal that 2,320 Mauritian residents disembarked in Malaysia in 2010, a 27.8% increase on the previous year. While this is four times less than the number of Mauritians travelling to Singapore, the trend remains highly positive. In the other direction, 1,438 Malaysian tourists visited Mauritius in 2010, which represents a 23.5% rise on 2009 figures. Most of these tourists arrived during the months of May (143 visitors), June (118), September (188), November (179) and December (172).

Another recent trend has been that of Mauritian youngsters going to Malaysia for higher studies, encouraged by the affordable fees and quality of life.

  • Malaysia is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe.
  • Mauritius has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.
 Mexico 30 July 1976
  • Mauritius is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Port Louis.
 Pakistan 1969 See Mauritius–Pakistan relations

Relations between Pakistan and Mauritius were first established in 1969. On November 30, 2007, the two countries signed a bilateral Preferential Trade Agreement.

  • Mauritius has a High Commission in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has a High Commission in Port Louis.
 Romania 25 June 1974

Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 30, 1976.

 Russia 17 March 1968 See Mauritius–Russia relations

The Soviet Union and Mauritius established diplomatic relations on March 17, 1968. The Russian Federation has an embassy in Floreal, Mauritius, and Mauritius has an embassy in Moscow, which was opened in July 2003.

  • Mauritius has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Port Louis.
 Seychelles 17 June 1988
  • Mauritius has an honorary consulate in Victoria.
  • Seychelles has an honorary consulate in Port Louis.
 South Africa 6 December 1993 See Mauritius–South Africa relations

Relations between South Africa and Mauritius were established in 1992 with the establishing of Representative Offices in both countries. Full diplomatic relations were established in 1994. Upon South Africa's return to the Commonwealth, relations have been conducted at the level of High Commission. There is no visa requirements for South Africans visiting Mauritius.

  • Mauritius has a high commission in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has a high commission Port Louis.
 South Korea 3 July 1971

Mauritius and the Republic of Korea established Diplomatic Relations on July 3, 1971.

  • Mauritius is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • South Korea is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
 Spain 30 May 1979
  • Mauritius is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  Switzerland
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1968. Both countries are full members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.
  • Mauritius has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Turkey 18 October 1976 See Mauritius–Turkey relations
  • Embassy of Mauritius in Berlin is accredited to Turkey.
  • Turkish Embassy in Antananarivo is accredited to Mauritius.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019.
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Mauritius since 15 December 2015.
 United Kingdom 12 March 1968
  • Mauritius has a high commission in London.
  • United Kingdom has a high commission in Port Louis.
 United States 12 March 1968 See Mauritius–United States relations
George W. Bush and Mauritian Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth. Oval Office, June 26, 2003.

Official U.S. representation in Mauritius dates from the end of the 18th century. An American consulate was established in 1794 and was closed in 1911. It was reopened in 1967 and elevated to embassy status upon Mauritius' independence in 1968. Since 1970, the mission has been directed by a resident U.S. ambassador. In 2002, Mauritius recalled its ambassador to the United Nations for not accurately conveying his government's pro-American stance in the Security Council debate.

  • Mauritius has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Port Louis.
 Vietnam 4 May 1994

Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 4, 1994. Both countries are members of La Francophonie.

  • Mauritius is accredited to Vietnam from its high commission in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Mauritius from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.

International organisations

Mauritius has been a member state of the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations since independence in 1968.

It is a member of the World Trade Organization, La Francophonie, Organisation of African Unity, the Southern Africa Development Community, the Indian Ocean Commission, COMESA, and the recently formed Indian Ocean Rim Association.

See also

References

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