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Revision as of 00:12, 14 November 2023 by 152.65.163.221 (talk)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Councils convened between 264 and 269Beginning with three synods convened between 264 and 269. Paul of Samosata had his beliefs condemned by the Apostolic Church. Paul's beliefs are not totally clear, as we read of them from multiple sources. He said that the father, the Son/Logos and Holy Spirit were one, and of the same substance but in no way three persons, while the human Jesus was indwelled with the Logos. This council was discussed by the later fathers who were in attendance at the Council of Nicaea. The Church rejected Paul of Samasota's views as heretical, and affirmed the Trinity in 325 at the Council of Nicaea.
The Synods of Antioch in 264-269
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The Synod of Antioch in 341
The council approved three creeds. Whether or not the so-called "fourth formula" is to be ascribed to a continuation of this synod or to a subsequent but distinct assembly of the same year, its aim is like that of the first three; while repudiating certain Arian formulas it avoids the orthodox term homoousios, fiercely advocated by Athanasius of Alexandria and accepted by the First Council of Nicaea (Nicaea I). The somewhat colourless compromise doubtless proceeded from the party of Eusebius of Nicomedia, and proved not unacceptable to the more nearly orthodox members of the synod.
The twenty-five canons adopted regulate the so-called metropolitan constitution of the church. Ecclesiastical power is vested chiefly in the metropolitan (later called archbishop), and the biannual provincial synod (see Nicaea I, canon 5.), which he summons and over which he presides. Consequently, the powers of country bishops (chorepiscopi) are curtailed, and direct recourse to the emperor is forbidden. The sentence of one judicatory is to be respected by other judicatories of equal rank; re-trial may take place only before that authority to whom appeal regularly lies. Without due invitation, a bishop may not ordain, or in any other way interfere with affairs lying outside his proper territory; nor may he appoint his own successor. Penalties are set on the refusal to celebrate Easter in accordance with the Nicaea I decree, as well as on leaving a church before the service of the Eucharist is completed.
The numerous objections made by scholars in past centuries about the canons ascribed to this council have been elaborately stated and probably refuted by Hefele. The canons formed part of the Codex canonum used at Chalcedon in 451 and are found in later Eastern and Western collections of canons.
See also
- SS Pelagia & Nonnus, two legendary Syrian saints who supposedly met during one of the synods at Antioch
- Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)
Notes
- The canons of the Synod in 341 are printed in Greek, and translated. The four dogmatic formulas are given by G. Ludwig Hahn.
References
Citations
- Hahn, §§ 153-155, cited in Rockwell (1911).
- Hahn, § 156, cited in Rockwell (1911).
- ^ Rockwell 1911.
- See canons 3, 4, 6.
- By Mansi ii. 1307 ff., Bruns i. 80 ff., Lauchert 43 ff.
- By Hefele, Councils, ii. 67 ff. and by H. R. Percival in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, xiv. 108 ff.
- Bibliothek der Symbole, 3rd edition (Breslau, 1897), 183 ff.; for translations compare the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, iv. 461 ff., ii. 39 ff., ix. 12, ii. 44, and Hefele, ii. 76 ff.
Sources
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chapman, John (1911). "Paul of Samosata". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rockwell, William Walker (1911). "Antioch s.v. Synods of Antioch". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 132.