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Revision as of 18:53, 31 December 2023 by MentalnaTerapia (talk | contribs) (→Demographics)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Town in Slovakia Town in Slovakia| Kremnica | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
 Winter in Kremnica | |
 Coat of arms | |
  KremnicaLocation of Kremnica in the Banská Bystrica RegionShow map of Banská Bystrica Region KremnicaKremnica (Slovakia)Show map of Slovakia | |
| Coordinates: 48°41′59″N 18°54′57″E / 48.69972°N 18.91583°E / 48.69972; 18.91583 | |
| Country |  Slovakia |
| Region | Banská Bystrica |
| District | Žiar nad Hronom |
| First mentioned | 1328 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Martin Novodomec |
| Area | |
| • Total | 43.13 km (16.65 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 564 m (1,850 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 4,870 |
| Population by ethnicity (2011) | |
| • Slovak | 87.5% |
| • Roma | 1.1% |
| • German | 0.8% |
| • Czech | 0.5% |
| • Others | 0.4% |
| • Unreported | 9.7% |
| Population by religion (2011) | |
| • Roman Catholic | 53.9% |
| • Lutheran | 4.6% |
| • Greek Catholic | 0.4% |
| • Congregationalist | 0.4% |
| • Others | 0.6% |
| • Non-religious | 24% |
| • Unreported | 16.1% |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 967 01 |
| Area code | +421 45 |
| Car plate | ZH |
| Website | www.kremnica.sk |
Kremnica (pronunciation; Template:Lang-de, Template:Lang-hu) is a town in central Slovakia. It has around 5,300 inhabitants. The well-preserved medieval town built above important gold mines is the site of the oldest still-working mint in the world.
Name
The name is derived from Slovak kremeň, kremenina (quartz) with a feminine suffix -ica, functioning to create local names.
History
Kremnica was among the major mining towns of the world during the Middle Ages and in the modern era due to the abundant gold ore deposits in the Kremnica Mountains. However, the first evidence of sub-surface mining activities comes from the 9th century.
In the 13th century the inhabitants of this area were affected by the invasion of the Mongols. Following that difficult period, Hungarian kings invited new colonists from present-day Germany (more specifically Carpathian Germans/Zipser Germans) to settle in the region to help replenish the decimated population. Their innovative technology and knowledge restored the mining activities in the town. The first written reference to the town dates back to 1328, when it was granted royal town privileges by King Charles I of Hungary.
The town's mint was already in existence at the time of the granting of royal privileges. Starting in 1335 the mint produced golden florins and later the famous "Kremnica ducats", which were used as an international means of payment as a result of their consistently high purity of gold. It was the most important mint, and later the only one, in the Kingdom of Hungary, in Czechoslovakia and nowadays in Slovakia; the prosperity brought to the town led to it being given the nickname "Golden Kremnica".
In 1331, Kremnica became the seat of the Chamber Count (Template:Lang-de) who was the head of the most important mining and minting chamber of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Count administered all the mines and mints in twelve counties of the kingdom in the Middle Ages.
At the end of the 14th century, Kremnica became the capital of the mining towns in central Upper Hungary. The steady annual production of gold and silver guaranteed the prosperous development of the town. In the 15th century Kreminca was the second most important city in the Kingdom of Hungary. The town was continuously being granted new privileges and the deputies of the town occupied the second place in the Hungarian Diet (the first place was reserved for the representatives of Buda, the capital of the Kingdom).
Gold mining and coin production in Kremnica culminated in the 14th and 15th centuries. As one of the most important centers of Protestant Reformation in the country, the town belonged to the Protestant "League of Seven Mining Towns" together with Banská Belá, Banská Bystrica, Banská Štiavnica, Ľubietová, Nová Baňa, and Pukanec. In the 16th century, the town was a major centre of production of (mostly religious) medals, especially by Joachim Deschler. At the same time however, the miners had to dig deeper and deeper to reach new deposits and the mining conditions deteriorated because of underground water in the shafts. The cost of mining increased and the mining was becoming less profitable. The last gold was extracted in Kremnica in 1970, at which time all the mines were closed. The German population of the town and its surroundings was expelled in 1945 as the consequential punishment by the former Czechoslovak government after World War II.
Geography
Kremnica lies at an altitude of 564 metres (1,850 ft) above sea level and covers an area of 43.136 square kilometres (16.7 sq mi). It is located in the Kremnica Mountains on the brook Kremnický potok, which is a tributary of the Hron River. It is located around 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Banská Bystrica (by line), 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Martin and around 175 kilometres (109 mi) from Bratislava.
Main sights
The castle built in the 13th through 15th centuries towers over the town. In the first half of the 14th century, it became the residence of the Chamber Count. The town was immediately fortified with a double wall containing several bastions and towers. The castle represents a unique example of a very well preserved fortification system in Central Europe. In the 14th century, it developed into a multifunctional complex of buildings and thus became the centre of local administration, religious life, and defense. At the end of the 15th century, the Chamber Count moved to a newly built house with a unique diamond vault. Thereafter the residence of the Count in the castle was converted into the St. Catherine's Church.
Other sites of interest also include the Museum of Coins and Medals, the Museum of Skiing and a historical main square with a monumental Baroque plague column. The Gothic Church of St. Catherine hosts the popular European Organ Festival. A 20-km long aqueduct, built in the 15th century, is still working, supplying three hydroelectric power plants (one of them located 245 m below the ground). Forested mountains around the town offer plenty of opportunities for hiking and cross-country skiing.
The geographical centre of Europe is claimed to be in the nearby village of Krahule.
Demographics
Kremnica has a population of 4829 (as of December 31, 2021). According to the 2011 census, 88% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 10% unknown, 1% Roma and 1% Germans. However, even among those identifying themselves as Slovaks many are descendants of the Carpathian Germans, who played a very important role in the medieval history of the town. The religious makeup was 54% Roman Catholics, 24% people with no religious affiliation, 16% unknown, 5% Lutherans, and 1% other.
Famous people
- Blažej Baláž, Slovak painter
- Ján Levoslav Bella, composer, conductor and music teacher
- Ľudovít Černák, politician and businessman
- Ladislav Chudík, Slovak actor
- Igor Kollár, race walker (representing Czechoslovakia and Slovakia)
- Peter Michalica, violinist
- Jozef Pribilinec, race walker, Olympic gold medalist
- Aaron Samuel ben Moses Shalom of Kremnitz, writer
Gallery
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Town castle
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Main square
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Plague column
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Barbican
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Kremnica, 1729
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Detail of the plague column
Main square
Twin towns — sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in SlovakiaKremnica is twinned with:
Fidenza, Italy
Herbolzheim, Germany
Kutná Hora, Czech Republic- Nový Jičín, Czech Republic
- Šurany, Slovakia
Várpalota, Hungary
References
- "Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne)". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
- ^ "Hustota obyvateľstva - obce [om7014rr_ukaz: Rozloha (Štvorcový meter)]". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
- ^ "Základná charakteristika". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
- ^ "Hustota obyvateľstva - obce". www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
- SODB - Kremnica, 2011
- SODB - Kremnica, 2011
- Martin Štefánik - Ján Lukačka et al. 2010, Lexikón stredovekých miest na Slovensku, Historický ústav SAV, Bratislava, 2010, pp. 503, 360, ISBN 978-80-89396-11-5. http://forumhistoriae.sk/-/lexikon-stredovekych-miest-na-slovensku Archived 2017-03-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Municipal Statistics". Statistical Office of the Slovak republic. Archived from the original on 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
- "Partnerské mestá". kremnica.sk (in Slovak). Kremnica. Retrieved 2019-09-05.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) Numismatics
External links
- Official municipal website (in Slovak)
- Information for tourists
- Virtual Kremnica - 3D models, panoramas, photographs and more
- Museum of Coins and Medals
- Kremnica Castle
- Kremnické medovníky, Kremnica (in Slovak)
