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This is a list of important publications in philosophy, organized by field.

Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important:

• Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic
• Breakthrough – A publication that changed scientific knowledge significantly
• Influence – A publication which has significantly influenced the world or has had a massive impact on the teaching of philosophy.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items.

Historical texts

Western philosophy

Ancient philosophy

• Gorgias, On What is Not
• Plato, Charmides
• Plato, Lysis
• Plato, Laches
• Plato, Protagoras
• Plato, Euthydemus
• Plato, Cratylus
• Plato, Phaedrus
• Plato, Ion
• Plato, Symposium
• Plato, Meno
• Plato, Euthyphro
• Plato, Apology
• Plato, Crito
• Plato, Phaedo
• Plato, Gorgias
• Plato, The Republic
• Plato, Timaeus
• Plato, Critias
• Plato, Parmenides
• Plato, Theaetetus
• Plato, Sophist
• Plato, Statesman
• Plato, Philebus
• Plato, Laws
• Aristotle, Organon:
  • Categories
  • De Interpretatione
  • Prior Analytics
  • Posterior Analytics
  • Topics
  • On Sophistical Refutations
• Aristotle, Physics
• Aristotle, On the Heavens
• Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption
• Aristotle, Meteorology
• Aristotle, Metaphysics
• Aristotle, On the Soul
• Aristotle, Parva Naturalia:
  • Sense and Sensibilia
  • On Memory
  • On Sleep
  • On Dreams
  • On Divination in Sleep
  • On Length and Shortness of Life
  • On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration
• Aristotle, On Breath
• Aristotle, History of Animals
• Aristotle, Parts of Animals
• Aristotle, Movement of Animals
• Aristotle, Progression of Animals
• Aristotle, Generation of Animals
• Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
• Aristotle, Politics
• Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians
• Aristotle, Rhetoric
• Aristotle, Poetics
• Lucretius, On the Nature of Things
• Epictetus, Discourses, AD 101
• Epictetus, Enchiridion, AD 135
• Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
• Plotinus, Enneads

Medieval philosophy

• Augustine of Hippo, Enchiridion
• Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, circa AD 397
• Augustine of Hippo, The City of God, Early 5th century
• Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy, circa 500
• Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed
• Maimonides, Mishneh Torah
• Yehuda Halevi, Kuzari
• Saadia Gaon, Emunot ve-Deot
• Al-Ghazali, The Incoherence of the Philosophers
• Averroes, The Incoherence of the Incoherence
• Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles, circa 1260
• Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae

Modern philosophy

• Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1532
• Sir Francis Bacon, Advancement of Learning
• Sir Francis Bacon, Novum Organum
• René Descartes, Rules for the Direction of the Mind
• René Descartes, Discourse on Method
• René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy
• René Descartes, Objections Against the Meditations and Replies
• Baruch Spinoza, Ethics
• Blaise Pascal, Provincial Letters
• Blaise Pascal, Pensées
• Gottfried Leibniz, Discourse on Metaphysics
• Gottfried Leibniz, Monadology
• Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays Concerning Human Understanding
• Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
• John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
• John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689
• George Berkeley, Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
• Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
• David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature
• David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile
• Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason
• Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 1788
• Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, 1785
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of Right
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History
• Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation
• Søren Kierkegaard, Either/Or, 1843
• Søren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling, 1843
• Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women
• Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
• Karl Marx, Das Kapital
• John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859
• John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism
• John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic
• John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women
• Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra
• Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals
• Charles Sanders Peirce, Logic of Relatives, 1870

Eastern philosophy

• Miyamoto Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, approx 1600 AD

Buddhist philosophy

• Abhidhamma
• Nagarjuna, Mulamadhyamakakarika (Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way)

Confucianism

• Five Classics, edited or compiled by Confucius

• The I Ching
• The Shi Jing or The Book of Odes
• The Classic of Rites
• The Classic of History
• The Spring and Autumn Annals

• Four Books, selected by Zhu Xi (1130 – 1200)

• Confucius and Zeng Zi, The Great Learning
• Confucius, The Analects of Confucius
• Zisi, The Doctrine of the Mean
• Mencius, The Mencius

• Xun Zi, Xunzi

Hindu philosophy

• The Upanishads
• The Bhagavad Gita ("The Song of God")
• Samkhya school:
  • Isvarakrsna, Sankhya Karika
• Nyaya school:
  • Aksapada Gautama, Nyaya Sutras
• Vaisheshika school:
  • Kanada, Vaishashik Darshana
• Yoga school:
  • Patañjali, Yoga Sutras
  • Swami Swatamarama, Hatha Yoga Pradipika
• Vedanta school:
  • Vyasa, Brahma Sutras

Chinese Legalism

• Han Feizi, Han Feizi

Taoism

• Lao Zi, Tao Te Ching, approximately 600 BC ??
• Chuang Tzu, Zhuangzi
• Liezi, Liezi

Mohism

• Mozi, Mozi

Twentieth-century philosophy

Epistemology

• Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy
• G.E. Moore, "A Defence of Common Sense"
• Edmund Gettier, "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", 1963
• Ayn Rand, Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology

Metaphysics

• John Dewey, Experience and Nature, c. 1929
• William James, Pragmatism
• G. E. Moore, "The Refutation of Idealism", 1903
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (a.k.a. The Tractatus)
• Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality
• Martin Heidegger, Being and Time
• A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth, and Logic
• W.V.O. Quine, "Two Dogmas of Empiricism"
• W.V.O. Quine, "On What There Is"
• W.V.O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View, 1980
• Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity.
• Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons

Philosophy of biology

• Elliot Sober, The Nature of Selection
• Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, 1945

Philosophy of chemistry

• J. van Brakel, Philosophy of Chemistry, Leuven University Press, 2000.

Philosophy of mind

• David Chalmers, The Conscious Mind
• Daniel Dennett, Consciousness Explained
• Edmund Husserl, Ideas, 1913
• Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations, 1900-1901
• Thomas Nagel, "What is it Like to be a Bat?"
• Hilary Putnam, "The Meaning of Meaning"
• Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind, 1949
• Wilfrid Sellars, "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind", 1956

Philosophy of physics

• Hans Reichenbach, The Philosophy of Space and Time
• John Stuart Bell, "On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox", 1964

Philosophy of psychology

• William James, Principles of Psychology
• Donald Davidson, "The Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme"

Philosophy of religion

• J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism, 1982

Philosophy of science

• Karl Pearson, The Grammar of Science, 1892
• Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1959
• Thomas Samuel Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962
• Hans Reichenbach, The Rise of Scientific Philosophy
• Paul Feyerabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge, 1975
• Bas C. van Fraassen, The Scientific Image, 1980
• Nelson Goodman, Fact, Fiction, and Forecast

Ethics, value, and social philosophy

Aesthetics

• Martin Heidegger, The Origin of the Work of Art
• R.G. Collingwood, The Principles of Art
• Nelson Goodman, Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, 1968
• Ayn Rand, The Romantic Manifesto

Ethics

• G. E. M. Anscombe, "Modern Moral Philosophy"
• Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, "Capitalism and Schizophrenia"
• John McDowell, "Values as Secondary Qualities"
• Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue
• G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica
• Ayn Rand, The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism
• P. F. Strawson, "Freedom and Resentment"

Bioethics

• Paul Ramsey, The Patient as a Person
• Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man
• Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion"

Business ethics

Feminism

• Simone De Beauvoir, The Second Sex

Existentialism

• Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness
• Jean-Paul Sartre, "Existentialism is a Humanism"

Philosophy of economics

Philosophy of education

• B.F. Skinner, Walden Two
• John Dewey, Democracy and Education
• Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed

Philosophy of history

• R.G. Collingwood, The Idea of History

Philosophy of law

• John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights
• H.L.A. Hart, The Concept of Law, 1994.
• Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law
• Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire

Political philosophy

• Karl Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies
• Ayn Rand, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal
• John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 1971
• Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia
• Lenin, V.I. State and Revolution
• Murray Rothbard, The Ethics of Liberty

Logic, language, and mathematics

Logic and philosophy of logic

• Charles Peirce, "How to Make Our Ideas Clear"
• Gottlob Frege, Begriffsschrift
• Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, 1910-1913
• Kurt Gödel, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems", 1931
• Saul Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic"
• Alfred Tarski, "The Concept of Truth "
• Hans Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method
• Donald Davidson, "Truth and Meaning"

Philosophy of language

• Bertrand Russell, "On Denoting"
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations
• J. L. Austin, "A Plea for Excuses"
• Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity
• H. P. Grice, "Logic and Conversation"
• Gottlob Frege, "Sense and Reference"

Philosophy of mathematics

See also List of publications in mathematics

Further reading

• What Are the Modern Classics? The Baruch Poll of Great Philosophy in the Twentieth Century, Douglas P. Lackey, Philosophical Forum 30(4): 329-346 (1999).
• American Philosophical Association
• Epistemology Research Guide
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Annotated Bibliography on Analysis
• Contemporary Philosophy of Mind: An Annotated Bibliography
• London Philosophy Study Guide

See also

• Category:Important publication in philosophy
• Revista Observaciones Filosoficas

• Philosophy-related lists
• Lists of publications in science
• Philosophy books
• Philosophical articles
• German philosophy
• Jewish philosophy
• Modernism
• Aesthetics
• Epistemology
• Ethics books
• Philosophy of language
• Metaphysics
• Philosophy of mind
• Ontology
• Political philosophy
• Religious philosophy and doctrine
• Philosophy of science
• Social philosophy
• Bibliographies by subject