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Radif (Template:Lang-fa, lit. 'order') is a rule in Persian, Turkic, and Urdu poetry which states that, in the form of poetry known as a ghazal, the second line of all the couplets (bayts or shers) must end with the same word. This repeating of common words is the radif of the ghazal. It is preceded by a qafiya, which is a repeating pattern of words.

The following is an example of a ghazal by Daagh Dehlvi. In this example the radif is mein. The qaafiyaa is the following pattern of words: nigaah (in the first hemistich), jalwa-gaah, nigaah (in the fourth hemistich), raah, haale-tabaah and aah.

aafat kii shoKhiyaa.N hai.n tumhaarii nigaah mein
mehashar ke fitane khelate hai.n jalwa-gaah mein

wo dushmanii se dekhate hai.n dekhate to hain
mai.n shaad huu.N ke huu.N to kisii kii nigaah mein

aatii baat baat mujhe yaad baar baar
kahataa huu.N dau.D dau.D ke qaasid se raah mein

is taubaah par hai naaz mujhe zaahid is qadar
jo TuuT kar shariik huu.N haal-e-tabaah mein

mushtaaq is adaa ke bahot dard-ma.nd the
ae DaaG tum to baiTh gaye ek aah mein

In Urdu, a ghazal which has no radif is known as ghair muradaf ghazal; if it contains radif, it is called a muradaf ghazal.

References

1. "The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet". Daily Times. 2017-12-21. Retrieved 2020-01-18.
2. Kanda, K. C. (1995). Urdu Ghazals: An Anthology, from 16th to 20th Century. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-207-1826-5.

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