Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by PinkDucky91 (talk | contribs) at 00:25, 10 August 2024 (Converted citation). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Spawn
Spawn on the cover of Spawn #1. Art by Todd McFarlane.
Publication information
Publisher	Image Comics
First appearance	Spawn #1 (May 1992)
Created by	Todd McFarlane
In-story information
Alter ego	Albert Francis "Al" Simmons
Species	Hellspawn Human (formerly)
Team affiliations	CIA Secret Service U.S. Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance The Scorched
Notable aliases	Spawn, The One, Hellspawn, Spawny, King Spawn
Abilities	Superhuman strength, speed, agility and endurance Immortality (to an extent, powers drain when used and full drainage of powers results in a second death) Accelerated healing Highly skilled tactician, martial artist, swordsman, marksman, athlete and acrobat Teleportation Shapeshifting Necroplasmic energy blasts Resurrection Multiple demonic powers Energy and matter manipulation Telepathy

Albert Francis "Al" Simmons, better known as Spawn, is an antihero appearing in a monthly comic book of the same name published by American company Image Comics, as well as in a number of films, television series, and video game adaptations set in the Image Universe. Created by Todd McFarlane, Spawn first appeared in Spawn #1 (May 1992).

Simmons is a mercenary who died and went to Hell for his crimes against humanity. Following a deal with Malebolgia, Simmons is given new life as a hellspawn and the chance to see his wife Wanda once again. The deal is revealed to be a trick, as Simmons is brought back to life five years after his death, unrecognizable to his wife and missing many of his memories. With little other choice, Simmons adopts his new hell inspired identity as Spawn in an effort to atone for his past sins and use his newfound powers for good.

The series has spun off several other comic books, including Angela, Curse of the Spawn, Sam & Twitch, and the Japanese manga Shadows of Spawn. Spawn was adapted into a 1997 feature film and portrayed by Michael Jai White, an HBO animated series lasting from 1997 until 1999, a series of action figures from McFarlane Toys, and an upcoming reboot film starring Jamie Foxx and Jeremy Renner. The character appears in annual compilations, mini-series specials written by guest authors and artists, and numerous crossover storylines in other comic books, including Savage Dragon, Invincible, and three DC Comics crossovers with Batman.

Publication history

Todd McFarlane's hobby of drawing began at an early age, and he created the character Spawn when he was 16, spending "countless hours" perfecting the appearance of each component of the character's visual design.

Spawn saw considerable popularity upon its initial release in the 1990s. Comic book collecting had a marked upswing at the time, fueled by the speculator boom looking for the next hot book that would jump in value after its release. McFarlane had enjoyed superstar status among comic fans with his work on Spider-Man, which had featured McFarlane's name prominently as both writer and artist. McFarlane's subsequent break with Marvel Comics and the formation of Image Comics was seen by many as a sea-change event, changing the way in which comics were produced. Wizard, in May 2008, rated "The Launch of Image Comics" as #1 in the list of events that rocked the comic industry from 1991 to 2008.

The first issue of Spawn was very popular, selling 1.7 million copies. During Spawn's second year of publication, Wizard noted that "The top dog at Image is undoubtedly Todd McFarlane's Spawn, which, without the added marketing push of fancy covers, poly bagged issues, or card inserts has become the best-selling comic on a consistent basis that is currently being published." Sales slumped around the time of Spawn #25, but by Spawn #45 it was again a consistently strong seller.

The popularity of the franchise peaked with the 1997 Spawn feature film, the pre-release publicity for which helped make Spawn the top-selling comic book for May 1997; in addition, the spin-off Curse of the Spawn #9 came in at fifth best-selling in that same month. However, the film was only a mild commercial success and failed to start a film franchise based on the character. A 2008 issue, Spawn #174, ranked 99th best-selling comic of the month with retail orders of 22,667. In October 2008, issue #185, which marked both a new creative direction and Todd McFarlane's return to the book, sold out at the distribution level and received a second printing. By issue #191 in May 2009, with estimated sales of 19,803 copies, Spawn had dropped below Top 100 titles sold monthly to comic shops as reported by Diamond Comic Distributors. As of September 2010, Spawn was ranked at #115 in the top 300 sales figures chart reported by Diamond Comic Distributors. On the day of its release in 2011, issue #200 sold out. This issue featured work by Greg Capullo, David Finch, Michael Golden, Jim Lee, Rob Liefeld, Marc Silvestri, Danny Miki, and Ashley Wood. A second printing was released the next month. It received a negative review from IGN. Spawn's sales continued to decline despite a series of homage covers designed to renew interest, ultimately hitting its lowest sales number of under 12,000 retail orders in Spawn #243.

Spawn began a resurgence in popularity as the title approached its 300th issue, with the title once again becoming a fixture in Diamond's Top 100. The 300th issue made Spawn the longest-running independent comic book series of all time.

In 2021, McFarlane expanded his Spawn Universe with 3 new ongoing titles and a one-shot titled Spawn Universe No. 1 which sold 211,000 copies. The first spinoff, titled King Spawn, was released in August 2021 having pre-order sales of 497,000 copies and total sales of 520,000 copies. The next title, released in October 2021, Gunslinger Spawn sold 385,000 copies, which made it the biggest launch for a new ongoing superhero title in 25 years. The final new series, The Scorched, was released in January 2022 and sold more than 270,000 copies.

McFarlane also stated in an interview that he wants Spawn to outlive him the same way characters like Spider-Man, Batman, Superman, and even Disney have endured past their creators.

Fictional character biography

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This section's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Misplaced Pages. See Misplaced Pages's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This section's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Origin

Born in Detroit, Michigan, Albert Francis "Al" Simmons is the second oldest of three siblings. His father, Bernard Simmons, is a traveling salesman, and his mother, Esther Simmons, is a devil worshipper. Al Simmons eventually becomes a highly decorated officer in the U.S. Marine Corps, attaining the rank of Lieutenant Colonel while serving with Force Recon. He later joins the Secret Service, becomes a high-ranking official, and is recruited by the Central Intelligence Agency. Simmons later joins the U.S. Security Group, an umbrella agency encompassing the CIA, NSA, and NSC, commanded by Director Jason Wynn, and becomes a capable assassin.

During a mission in Botswana, Wynn grows tired of Simmons' increasing sense of morality. As a result of this, Simmons' friend and partner Bruce Stinson (codename Chapel) is secretly hired to kill him. Simmons is burned to death and sent to Hell. Making a deal with the devil Malebolgia, Simmons agrees to become a Hellspawn. After swearing to serve Malebolgia, he is allowed to see his wife Wanda one last time. Malebolgia returns Simmons to the living realm with a severely burned body, and a demonic guardian named the Violator.

Simmons, now a Hellspawn, returns to Earth with a lack of understanding of his previous identity. He wanders in a state of confusion with only vague memories of his former life, including his own name, his marriage to Wanda and the fact that he was once deceased. Spawn occasionally experiences painful flashbacks and eventually remembers his deal with Malebolgia. Using CIA files, he tracks down his wife and finds her married to his former best friend Terry, with whom she has a daughter named Cyan. He realizes five years have passed since his death.

Spawn runs into a fellow Hellspawn, who informs him that his powers are fueled by Necroplasm and that once they are depleted, he will return to Hell. Not wanting to return to Hell, Spawn attempts to find a new purpose in life while using as little power as possible. Spawn is thrust into several antihero adventures, taking down street gangs and organized crime in New York City. Battling against various criminals, Spawn finds a new purpose in stopping evil.

Early history

In his early battles, Spawn faces street thugs and gangs, becoming a dark, sadistic antihero, and brutally murders the pedophile and child murderer Billy Kincaid. Spawn gains the attention of police detectives Sam Burke and Twitch Williams, and becomes "King of Rat City", a gathering of alleys populated by the city's homeless. There he meets Cogliostro, who knows much about Spawn and becomes his mentor.

Spawn is hunted by the warrior angel Angela, who hunts Hellspawns for sport, and battles the cyborg mob enforcer Overt-Kill. He fights the angelic warrior Anti-Spawn, also known as the Redeemer, who is really Jason Wynn.

First metamorphosis

Following a conflict with the Redeemer, Spawn's costume undergoes a significant upgrade. The upgraded suit features a new cape and chains, which are able to change shape. Additionally, the boots and gloves are replaced with spikes. After this transformation, the suit starts feeding off souls.

After this, Tony Twist sends a reprogrammed Overt-Kill after Terry, and Spawn is forced to reveal his identity while saving his friend. A well-placed shot from Twitch Williams brings down Overt-Kill. Spawn is part of Angela's trial and later travels to the South and encounters the KKK and an abusive father of two boys. After returning to New York, he is attacked by a new Redeemer, causing his costume to evolve once more. After another encounter with the Curse, the suit sends him to Hell. Malebolgia later sends him back with full control of the suit.

Spawn wears a living symbiotic costume, Leetha of the 7th House of K (also known as K7-Leetha). While wearing it, the host assumes a dominant role over the suit. His shroud, spikes, chains and skulls are all part of an organism bonded to his central nervous system that protects Spawn even if he is unconscious.

War of Heaven and Hell

Battle for life

As Spawn struggles to find a way to regain control, he notices that the attacks are coming from both Heaven and Hell. Due to increasing attacks, Spawn begins to lose himself to evil. With help from the Heap, an emissary of the Greenworld, Spawn manages to regain his goal. Greenworld, a dimension whose power is equal to both Heaven and Hell, gives new powers to Spawn to better understand the world and its people. These powers seem to give him control of all of the elements in the world.

Spawn is later attacked by Urizen. After recovering, Spawn learns the Greenworld has imbued him with a gift, which he uses to contain Urizen by splitting the ground and imprisoning him inside the earth.

After his battle, Spawn learns Malebolgia had caused Urizen's release in an attempt to start Armageddon and conquer the forces of Heaven. Spawn and Angela journey to Hell to stop him. During the battle, Angela mortally wounds Malebolgia, who kills her in retaliation. Consumed with anger, Spawn takes Malebolgia's head.

King of Hell

Upon killing Malebolgia, Spawn learns Hell's throne is rightfully his when it is offered to him by the demon Mammon. After initially refusing, Spawn deliberates with Cogliostro and decides to turn Hell into a new paradise. During this act, Cogliostrio reveals he is Cain, who was the first person to go to Hell, having murdered his brother in envy. His true goal had always been to take over Hell using a Hellspawn. Having betrayed Spawn, Cogliostrio takes the throne but restores his former student's human form as a parting gift.

On Earth, Spawn meets Nyx, a young Wiccan that helps him regain his suit. Using trickery, Mammon usurps Nyx's control over Spawn's union with his suit and removing all of Al's memories. Amnesiac, Spawn wanders the Earth. He releases a group of angels called the Forgotten and stays neutral in the war between Heaven and Hell. He discovers Mammon is a member of the Fallen who was sent to Hell.

Spawn in Armageddon

Spawn regains his memories thanks to the power of the Greenworld. His suit evolves once more and seems one with his body. However, as time progresses, he begins to hate himself. Having been rejected by Heaven and Hell, he now lives in an abandoned warehouse as maggots and other insects crawl inside his body. He returns to the Dead Zone, although a Hellspawn would not be welcomed there. Upon entering, Spawn is confronted by the Disciple, who tears his brain out, throws his heart into the Greenworld, and his body into Hell. Mammon captures and tortures Spawn to learn his secrets.

When Spawn's heart falls to the Greenworld, a soul is freed. Chris meets with his mother and travels to Hell along with Sam Burke and Twitch Williams to rescue Spawn from Mammon. Spawn escapes and returns to Earth, where signs of Armageddon begin to appear. Looking for a way to stop it, Spawn discovers Wanda's twin children are responsible. He stops them from killing their entire family but cannot destroy them. Zera reveals Jake is God and Katie is Satan.

Due to their hatred of each other and constant fighting, the Mother removed their powers and positions and sent them to Earth. She tells him he cannot stop Armageddon. However, he has the potential to gain the power of a god and preserve the human race.

He has to eat a piece of Forbidden Fruit from the Garden of Eden to gain such power. She tells Spawn he must fight against The Disciple. It is revealed there are 12 Disciples, each one representing one of Jesus. Spawn's power is also weakened because demons cannot enter the Garden. However, with guidance from Cyan, he defeats every Disciple but Judas, who Cyan tells Spawn not to kill. Judas then stabs Cyan in the heart but the Mother gives Spawn a piece of the fruit and resurrects him. He gains an angelic form and greater power.

Spawn returns to Earth, which has been destroyed by Four Horsemen; angels and demons are waiting to fight their final battle. After defeating Zera, Spawn finds dead warriors of Heaven, one of whom is Granny Blake, who is betrayed by her faith. Spawn battles the forces of Satan and God, destroying the forces of Heaven, Hell and humanity. He is then killed by the two, who then fight alone on Earth.

Spawn comes back and resurrects everyone with the knowledge of what happened. He leaves God and Satan to fight in their own little world and closes the doors to Heaven, Hell, and Earth. He asks to be turned into a human by the Mother but later asks to once again become a Hellspawn after remembering that, prior to his first death as Al Simmons, he had beaten Wanda and caused her to miscarry their child. This causes him to conclude he has always been a monster and does not deserve to be human again.

Back in the mortal world

New Clown

After a series of odd murders, Spawn finds the Clown has come back, possessing the body of mortal Barney Saunders, who is having an affair with a woman named Wilma Barbara. Spawn destroys and remakes the world. Saunders is rescued by the Clown so he can use his body. He then brings out the dark urges inside the tenants of an apartment building and uses this to form a doorway to Hell and bring back his brothers. However, before he can form a portal, Wilma shows up and his love for her allows Saunders to take back control. Intending to close the portal, he goes through it, and takes Wilma with him due to being angry over her leaving him in the chute.

Zera reappears as a head in a jar. Spawn is summoned by a voodoo priestess named Mambo Suzanne. Zera attempts to take over Nyx's body and fights Spawn. However, she is killed when Suzanne throws Zera's head into the street. Nyx is freed and she and Spawn become friends again.

Ab and Zab create a hell where visitors are forced to view their deepest fears, which are eaten by demons called sin-eaters. While confronting Ab and Zab, Spawn is faced with his own sin against Wanda and his unborn child. Unable to break free from the guilt, Spawn is parasitized by a sin eater. When Nyx interferes, he breaks the sin eater's illusion. Spawn breaks all the other's illusions and comes across Al Simmons' brother Richard.

Spawn decides to allow Richard to feel his sins. Mammon, as Mr. Malefick, had put an influence on Al and Richard Simmons. Only Marc Simmons saved himself from Mammon but was unable to help the others. Richard calls his brothers to help him save the drug dealer's life. Al, instead of calling an ambulance, pulls the knife from Weasel's body and kills him with it. Mammon appears, sending the brothers home while he hides the drug dealer's body.

Nyx and Spawn kill the last sin eater and Spawn discovers Richard cannot remember their parents due to a spell placed by Mammon. Wanting to know more about them, Spawn finds their home under a spell placed by Mammon. His mother planned with Mammon to create the strongest Hellspawn. Al is then given a journal by his father that reveals his ancestor came across a Hellspawn in the past known as the Gunslinger Spawn.

Morana

There, Spawn speaks with Wanda, who cannot forgive Al for the death of their child. However, she still loves the man inside Spawn. Trying to take out Cyan's knife, Spawn somehow suppresses the suit. Cyan and Nyx appear, and K7-Leetha appears and takes over Nyx. Now controlled by the K7, Nyx tries to kill Cyan and Wanda but is halted by Mammon. The entire group goes to a castle, where Mammon explains his plan to make a perfect Hellspawn. He wants the Rapture to occur so Satan, God, and Malebolgia will be gone. He reveals his perfect Hellspawn is Al and Wanda's miscarried child, Morana.

After washing herself in virgin's blood, Morana bonds with the uniform and gets ready to consume her parents' souls. Cyan taps into her powers and goes to the future. She talks with an old woman who gives her a message for Al. Returning, she has Spawn summon the last twelve members of the Legion, who are beaten by Morana. Mammon insults Al and disowns Morana. Cyan tells Nyx a spell to trap Mammon and Morana. It works, both demons are sealed away, and the others return home. Al jumps into another dimension to be reborn as a weapon against both heaven and hell.

Endgame

Spawn is soon ready to enter the human dimension. Making his way to the alleys, he blows his head off. Meanwhile, Jim Downing, an amnesiac man healing at a hospital, wakes up. He seems to know Spawn. A janitor tries to make money off Jim's story and calls a lawyer, who later commits suicide. A thug is paid to capture Jim and attacks him with a flaming skull. In the ensuing fight, the hospital is set on fire and Jim transforms into Spawn. After killing his attacker, Jim escapes the burning building in human form, eventually being taken in by firefighters.

After being taken to another hospital, he leaves, reunites with his previous nurse Sara, and begins to transform. He calls Sara but leaves before she can see him. Meanwhile, a reporter begins to ask questions about the incident at the hospital. Wandering the city, Jim is attacked and kills his assailants. This draws the attention of Sam and Twitch, who recognize the chaos as Spawn's doings.

After reuniting with Sara and telling him about his transformation, Jim wanders off again and meets Wanda Blake, Al Simmons' ex-wife. She recognizes Jim as the form Al took when he originally returned to earth.

On Wanda's advice, Jim travels to Rat City and finds Spawn's throne, and is met by an angel. Jim beats the angel in a fight and leaves. He finds out that a man working for Gilbert Sanchez has been asking questions about him.

The angel Spawn beat is later attacked by Clown, who removes her wings. When Spawn returns, she is powerless and insane and finds Freak and Violator. Despite Freak's warnings, Clown begins to deceive Jim and informs him his suit is a living being and then vanishes. Clown is arrested by Sam and Twitch and meets the leader of a vampire group to attempt to form a unity between the leader, Clown, and Spawn.

Mob members kill Gilbert Sanchez for his information on the new Spawn. Spawn attempts to learn more about Jim but is assaulted and uses his powers on his attacker. Jim later finds the man who had been asking Sara questions. He tracks him to his family's home, which is bombed, killing everyone inside but Spawn. Spawn finds more mob members, questions them further and kills them.

Resurrection

In Resurrection, Spawn is revived and is later told by God in dog form that Wanda has died and is now trapped in Hell, where Al must rescue her. He fights Satan and saves his wife. God and Satan are no longer twins because McFarlane lost the right to use the Man of Miracles character due to a copyright dispute with Marvel. Man of Miracles is retconned out of existence, and God and Satan are based on the Abrahamic story of Creation. After saving Wanda from Satan, she goes to Heaven and Spawn continues to protect the people in Wanda's memory from the forces of both Heaven and Hell, as well as any supernatural threats.

Characters

List of comics, spin-offs and crossovers

Violator (1994)

A three-issue miniseries written by Alan Moore with art by Bart Sears. The series focused on the conflict between Violator/Clown and Tony Twist and also featured Spawn.

Angela (1994–1995)

From 1994 to 1995, a three-issue Angela limited series was published, written by Neil Gaiman and illustrated by Greg Capullo. The series along with Angela's one-shot were later reprinted in a trade paperback (ISBN 1-887279-09-1), which, as of 2005, is out-of-print.

Angela & Aria

A crossover between Angela and Aria.

Angela & Glory

A crossover between Angela and Glory.

Celestine

About Celestine. the angel from the Violator vs Badrock series in a two-shot series.

Violator vs Badrock (1995)

A four-issue miniseries released in 1995 written by Alan Moore. Drawn by Brian Denham. Ink by Jonathan Sibal and Danny Miki.

Spawn: Blood Feud (1995)

A four-issue miniseries released in 1995 written by Alan Moore. Drawn by Tony Daniel. Inked by Kevin Conrad.

Spawn the Impaler (1996)

A three-issue miniseries released in October 1996, inspired by the story of the Wallachian voivode Vlad Țepeș. Written by Mike Grell with art by Rob Prior.

Medieval Spawn / Witchblade (1996)

A three-issue miniseries was written by Garth Ennis. Medieval Spawn and the wielder of the Witchblade team up against Lord Cardinale, wielder of the Darkness.

Curse of the Spawn (1996–1999)

The first long-term monthly spinoff series. Consisted of a number of story arcs centered on supporting characters from the main series, such as a future Hellspawn during the Apocalypse or Sam & Twitch. Aimed at an older demographic than the main series and is significantly darker in tone, with more disturbing visuals and themes. 29 issues.

Spawn: The Dark Ages (1999–2001)

This series focused on Lord Covenant, a 12th-century knight killed in a holy crusade far from his homeland, who returns to Earth as a Hellspawn. As a plague of violence and turmoil cover the English countryside, the Dark Knight must choose whether to align himself with the innocent inhabitants of the once-thriving kingdom or with the malevolent forces of evil and corruption. The series ran for 28 issues. Issues 15–28 featured writer Steve Niles and artist Nat Jones.

Spawn: Fan Edition

A three issue mini-series centered around the Norse hellspawn Nordak.

Spawn: Blood and Shadows (1999)

A Spawn prestige-format one-shot released in 1999. Written by Paul Jenkins with art by Ashley Wood.

Cy-Gor (1999)

A six-issue spinoff miniseries.

Spawn: The Undead (1999–2000)

This series concentrates on Al Simmons. Unlike the original Spawn series, it was a self-contained, single-issue story. Written by Paul Jenkins it lasted 9 issues.

Sam & Twitch (1999–2004)

A spin-off series following the criminal investigations of detectives Sam Burke and Twitch Williams. 26 issues.

Case Files: Sam & Twitch (2003–2006)

Continuation of Sam & Twitch. 25 issues.

Sam & Twitch: The Writer (2010)

A four-issue miniseries.

Haunt (2009) A story of two brothers (one a ghost, the other a human) who fuse together to become Haunt, a character that appears in other Spawn stories.

Hellspawn (2000–2003)

A relatively avant-garde spin-off comic inspired by Spawn. Darker and more atmospheric than Spawn, Hellspawn frequently dealt with the disturbing subject matter. It originally featured writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Ashley Wood. It ran 16 issues.

Spawn: Simony (2003)

One-shot. Published in 2003 by Semic, McFarlane allowed the creators (Jean-François Porchero and Alex Nikolavitch) to create an [[:fr:Spawn : Simonie|original Spawn tale without using Image comics. This has Spawn fight against Necro Cop.

Shadows of Spawn (2005–2006)

Three graphic novel compilations of the Spawn manga.

Spawn Toys

A nine-issue series of one-shots packed in with early Spawn toys.

Spawn: Architects of Fear (2011)

A prestige format one-shot released in February 2008. Written by Arthur Claire with artwork by Aleksi Briclot.

Spawn: Blood and Salvation

A prestige-format one-shot that concludes the story of Daniel Llanso, the Hellspawn featured in the first four issues of Curse of the Spawn.

Spawn/Batman (1994)

Intercompany crossover was written by Frank Miller with the art of Todd McFarlane. Considered part of Spawn and Miller's Dark Knight universe canon.

Spawn/Batman]] Polish edition. Art by Kiko Taganashi and Todd McFarlane.]]

Batman/Spawn: War Devil

Continuation of Spawn/Batman crossover, written by Doug Moench, Chuck Dixon, and Alan Grant and drawn by Klaus Janson.

The Adventures of Spawn

At the San Diego Comic-Con '06 it was announced that a new take on the Spawn mythos was in the works. This new Spawn story is known as The Adventures of Spawn and as stated by Jon Goff, a moderator on the Spawn.com Message Board and McFarlane employee, it is a re-imagining of the Spawn story that is essentially a "What if?" universe that hearkens back to classic kid-friendly Saturday morning cartoons. The story takes place in a webcomic format and has been tied into the action figure world through McFarlane Toys' Spawn Series 30.

Misery

A future series announced by McFarlane about Cyan Fitzgerald and her titular alter-ego.

Spawn/Witchblade

A four-issue mini-series centered in medieval times focusing on the Medieval Spawn and the wielder of the Witchblade of that time. A sequel to the 1993 series.

Sam and Twitch True Detectives

An eight-part mini-series focusing on Sam and Twitch which would tie in with the upcoming film.

Spawn: Resurrection

A one-shot that takes place around the same time as Spawn 250 explaining how Al returned.

Spawn Kills Everyone

A one-shot focusing on a chibi Spawn killing everyone.

Spawn Kills Everyone Too!

A four-part mini-series sequel to the one-shot Spawn Kills Everyone.

Spawn's Universe

Starting in June 2021, a one-shot titled Spawn's Universe #1 was released. With it came the announcements and introductions to three new Spawn monthly titles. With the release of this one-shot, lead to three new titles being released that same year; King Spawn, Gunslinger Spawn and The Scorched. The first issue for each of these four titles had a positive reception, with each title selling well over 200,000 units each.

Spawn's Universe

In June 2021 an oversized one-shot special, written by Todd McFarlane and features art by Stephen Segovia, Jim Cheung and Marcio Takara. This special sets up three other ongoing monthly titles which followed.

King Spawn

King Spawn was the first ongoing story from the Spawn universe, since the mainline series was released in 1992. Released in August 2021, the series is written by Sean Lewis with art primarily by Javier Fernández. The story follows Spawn as he faces old and new foes while becoming king.

Gunslinger Spawn

Gunslinger Spawn was the second new-ongoing series was released in October 2021, written by Todd McFarlane and illustrated by Brett Booth. This series focuses on the adventures of Gunslinger Spawn's after becoming trapped in modern times. Following the events of Spawn #350, Gunslinger Spawn artist, Brett Booth, and main-line Spawn series artist, Carlo Barberi, switched art duties, with Barberi being the primary artist on Gunslinger Spawn following #29 and Booth taking over Spawn art duties with Spawn #350.

The Scorched

The third ongoing series launched as a part of the Spawn Universe is The Scorched. The series was released in January 2022, and is written by Sean Lewis with art by Stephen Segovia. The story focuses on a team of rotating roster of heroes, with the core group consisting of She-Spawn, Gunslinger Spawn, Medieval Spawn, and Redeemer.

Batman/Spawn

In December 2022, a third intercompany crossover between Batman and Spawn. Though the series could have been released as a mini-series it was ultimately released as a one-shot special. The one-shot was written by Todd McFarlane and artist Greg Capullo.

Spawn: Unwanted Violence

A two issue miniseries released in January–February 2023, was written by McFarlane and illustrated by Mike del Mundo. The story focused on a conflict between Spawn and The Freak.

The New U

Following the events of Spawn #350, a new line-up of titles was announced in February 2024. "The New U" is set to build up on the foundations of Spawn's Universe and launch a new era of Spawn titles. Each title in The New U will have drastically different tones and genres. Ranging from Horror, Drama, Crime, Science-Fiction and Comedy. Each title in The New U retains a price point of $2.99 or $3.99 for first issues, with the rest in the series continuing to be $2.99.

The first title to be released in the New U is the miniseries Sam and Twitch: Case Files, a crime/noir detective series following the titular characters Sam & Twitch. Next under the label is Rat City, a sci-fi ongoing series set 100 years in the future releases in April 2024. Monolith a three part mini-series, releases in May the same year. More titles in the New U are set to be released in 2024. In June and July, three four-issue miniseries; Misery, Medieval Spawn, and Spawn Kills every Spawn. In August, a six-issue Violater mini-series and a Knights vs. Samurai are set to be released. In September Deadly Tales, a new ongoing title will launch, and in October, a bi-monthly series No Home Here launches. Other titles announced are Focus, Spawn: The Dark Ages, She-Spawn, Bloodletter, and Spawn 77.

Sam and Twitch: Case Files

In March 2024, an miniseries title focusing on Sam and Twitch came out, created by McFarlane and co-plotted by Jon Goff, with art by Syzmon Kudranski.

Rat City

A new ongoing series, Rat Series, written by Erica Schultz and illustrated by Ze Carlos, was released April 2024. The series follows Peter Cairn, known as 'The devient' set a hundred years in the future. Peter Cairn is the cybernetic Spawn of the future, who was tranformed through the actions of Al Simmons in Spawn #350.

Monolith

Monolith is a three-issue mini-series abouth the origins of the hell Spawn Monolith. Releasing in May 2024, the series is written by Sean Lewis with art by Valerio Giangiordano.

Misery

A series focusing on the title character helping innocents who've been victimized by evil. Written by McFarlane and illustrated by Kudranski.

Medieval Spawn

A mini-series focusing on Medieval Spawn's origins and how he ended up in the current times.

Spawn Kills every Spawn

A series about Spawn killing other versions of himself. Written and drawn by John Layman and Rob Duenes.

Violator

A series focusing on the title character by Kyle Hotz.

Knights vs. Samurai

An upcoming series centered around knights against Samurai.

Deadly Tales of The Gunslinger

A Gunslinger series about his days in the American Civil War. Written by Jimmy Palmiotti and illustrated by Patric Reynolds.

No Home Here

A story about Kincaid's final victim from issue 5. Written and drawn by Jonathan Glapion.

Focus

A series focusing on the young speedster who gained his abilities from being experimented on and first appeared in Gunslinger Spawn. Written by McFarlane and illustrated by Marco Failla.

Spawn: The Dark Ages (vol. 2)

Set 700 years previously in the past, this is a 5th-century, post-Roman, rugged melodrama, with the last gasp of the old Celtic beliefs, and Britain being attacked from all sides. Written and drawn by Liam Sharp.

She-Spawn

An ongoing series about Jessica Priest as She-Spawn.

Spawn '77

An upcoming series.

Bloodletter

An upcoming series.

Freak

An upcoming series centered around freak.

Legal disputes

Dispute with Neil Gaiman

In 1993, McFarlane contracted Neil Gaiman to write Spawn #9. While doing so, Gaiman introduced the characters Cogliostro, Angela, and Medieval Spawn. All three characters were designed and co-created by Todd McFarlane and continued to be featured in the series after Gaiman's involvement, and some had tie-ins with McFarlane's toy company. Cogliostro had a prominent role in the live-action movie in 1997. McFarlane had agreed that Gaiman was a co-creator of the characters and paid him royalties for reprints, graphic novels, and action figures. After a few years, he ceased the payment of royalties and gave Gaiman notice that he owned all rights to the characters, citing the copyright notice from #9 and claimed that Gaiman's work had been work-for-hire and that McFarlane was the sole owner.

In 2002, Gaiman filed suit against McFarlane and, in response, McFarlane counter-sued. Gaiman had partnered with Marvel Comics to form Marvels and Miracles, LLC, which bankrolled the lawsuit. The main goal was to determine the issue of ownership for another character Gaiman felt he had a stake in, Miracleman, which at the time McFarlane was believed to hold a sizable stake in after his buyout of the assets of Eclipse Comics. This issue was thrown out. Instead, the court chose to rule on the breach of contract issue, the rights of ownership and the copyrightability of the characters from Spawn #9. Several arguments were presented by McFarlane and all were rejected, leading to a sizable judgment against McFarlane and Image Comics. The matter went to appeal and the judgment was upheld in a 2004 decision.

Gaiman's rights as co-creator and co-owner of Cogliostro, Angela, and Medieval Spawn were acknowledged. The court's view was that Gaiman and McFarlane's collaboration led to each contributing half of the work. Gaiman wrote the story while McFarlane illustrated the character; because of this, each held a 50% stake in the characters. Issue 9 was reprinted for the first time since the lawsuit was filed in the hardcover edition of Spawn Origins: Volume 1. In a reprint collection of the first twelve issues of Spawn, the contentious issue (along with Dave Sim's #10, featuring copyrighted character Cerebus) was excluded, but both issues have been reprinted in the hardcover and deluxe editions of Spawn Origins Collection: Volume 1, and the black and white 2012 (and the later 2021 color edition) softcover omnibus Spawn Compendium 1, collecting Spawn issues #1–50. In 2012, McFarlane and Gaiman settled their dispute, and Gaiman was given full ownership of the character Angela. Gaiman, in turn, sold all rights to the character to Marvel Comics.

Tony Twist lawsuit

Todd McFarlane created a mob enforcer character named "Antonio 'Tony Twist' Twistelli", who McFarlane acknowledged was named after hockey player Tony Twist. Twist won a $15 million verdict in 2004 when a jury found Todd McFarlane Productions had profited from Twist's likeness. The verdict was upheld after two appeals in June 2006, but the two later settled out of court for $5 million.

Creative teams

Collected editions

Many issues of Spawn have been gathered together in various trade paperbacks collections since the mid-nineties. The original US and UK trade releases contain issue 9, but not 10 (Cerebus' appearance).

Each containing four to five issues, the original Spawn trade paperbacks started in 1995 under a different trade cover design, going up to three volumes only. After the live-action 1997 movie, a new trade cover design was created, with Brent Ashe providing new covers for Books 1–7, and Ashley Wood for Books 8–12. These reissues were retitled with subtitles. The sequential trades stopped after Book 12, but several new volumes appeared in 2006–2008, collecting various story arcs. Beginning in 2009, a new series of volumes was released, collecting the "Endgame" storyline. From 2015 to 2020, with "Resurrection", "Satan Saga Wars", "Hell on Earth", "Dark Horror", "Enemy of the State", and "Vengeance" volumes, the trade paperbacks have started in sequential order again collecting issues #251–297.

After a two-year gap, the line resumed with three volumes released in 2022: "Spawn: Record Breaker" (May 2022), Spawn: Aftermath (July 2022) and Spawn: Omega (September 2022), between them collecting Spawn issues #298-314.

• Book 1, "Beginnings", 1–5
• Book 2, "Dark Discoveries", 6–9, 11
• Book 3, "Book 3", 12–15
• Book 4, "Book 4", 16–20
• Book 5, "Death and Rebirth", 21–25
• Book 6, "Pathway to Judgement", 26–30
• Book 7, "Deadman's Touch", 31–34
• Book 8, "Betrayal of Blood", 35–38
• Book 9, "Urban Jungle", 39–42
• Book 10, "Vengeance of the Dead", 43–47
• Book 11, "Crossroads", 48–50 (50 is double-sized)
• Book 12, "Immortality", 51–54
• Spawn: Capital Collection (January 1993) – contains issues 1–3 (note: this was a limited edition hardcover exclusively available from Capital City Distribution, and only 1200 copies were made)
• Spawn: The Armageddon Collection Part 1 – contains issues 150–155
• Spawn: The Armageddon Collection Part 2 – contains issues 156–164
• Spawn: The Complete Armageddon Collection – contains issues 150–164
• Spawn: New Flesh Collection (December 2007) – contains issues 166–169, plus a short story from Image Holiday Special 2005
  (note: Issue #165 wasn't included because it features the story of Mandarin Spawn)
• Spawn: Neo Noir – contains issues 170–175
• Spawn: EndGame Volume 1 (June 2009) – contains issues 185–190, with some altered artwork
• Spawn: EndGame Volume 2 (April 2010) – contains issues 191–196, with some altered artwork
• Spawn: EndGame Collection (January 2011) – combines Endgame Vol 1 and 2 (issues 185–196 with some altered artwork)
• Spawn: New Beginnings Volume 1 (July 2011) – contains issues 201–206.
• Spawn: New Beginnings Volume 2 (March 2012) – contains issues 207–212.
• Spawn: Resurrection (November 2015) – contains Spawn: Resurrection #1 and issues 251–255.
• Spawn: Satan Saga Wars (June 21, 2016) – collects SPAWN #256–262
• Spawn: Hell on Earth (September 20, 2017) – collects SPAWN #263–275
• Spawn: Dark Horror (April 23, 2019) – collects SPAWN #276–283
• Spawn: Enemy of the State (August 21, 2019) – collects SPAWN #284-290
• Spawn: Vengeance (May 27, 2020) – collects SPAWN #291-297
• Spawn: The Record Breaker (May 11, 2022) – collects SPAWN #298-301
• Spawn: Aftermath (July 13, 2022) – collects SPAWN #302-307
• Spawn: Omega (September 28, 2022) – collects SPAWN #308-314
• Spawn: Shadows (February 7, 2024) – collects SPAWN #316-323

Spawn Collection

In 2005, the entire Spawn series began to appear in massive trade paperback releases under the title Spawn Collection, With the exception of Volume 1, each volume containing approximately twenty issues. Released after the Gaiman lawsuit, these editions do not contain either Issue 9 (featuring the first appearance of Angela and Cogliostro, both created by Neil Gaiman) or Issue 10 (featuring Dave Sim's Cerebus).

Spawn Collection Volumes 1 and 2 were published in both hardcover and trade paperback formats, while Volume 3 onward were only released as trade paperbacks. As of 2009, Spawn Collection Volume 1 is currently out of print, with its fourth printing released in June 2007. In 2009 it was announced that the Spawn Collection would end with Volume 6, to be replaced by a new TBP format that includes soft- and hardcover versions, reprinting the entire Spawn series from the early issues once again (Spawn Origins Collection, see below).

• Spawn Collection Volume 1 – contains issues 1–8, 11–12 (December 2005)
• Spawn Collection Volume 2 – contains issues 13–33 (July 2006)
• Spawn Collection Volume 3 – contains issues 34–54 (March 2007)
• Spawn Collection Volume 4 – contains issues 55–75 (September 2007)
• Spawn Collection Volume 5 – contains issues 76–95 (April 2008)
• Spawn Collection Volume 6 – contains issues 96–116 (August 2008)

Spawn Collection Volume 1 was ranked 17 in the top 100 graphic novels for December 2005 period, with pre-order sales of 3,227.

Spawn Compendium

In 2012, in celebration of Image Comics' then 20 years as a publisher and Spawn being one of their longest running titles, Spawn Compendium was released, reprinting Spawn issues #1–50 at 1136 pages in black and white, though this volume does not collect the individual issues' covers. The book went to a second printing in March 2016.

A new edition of this volume, collected now in full color, was released in February 2021 with a different front cover art (from Spawn #95, and back cover art from Spawn #70). As with the previous edition, this book does not collect the individual issues' covers. Subsequent volumes have been released since collecting every 50 issues per tome.

Spawn Origins Collection

In 2009, a line of newly redesigned and reformatted trade paperbacks was announced, replacing the Spawn Collection line (see above) and once again collecting the early issues of Spawn. These new trades feature new cover art by Greg Capullo, recreating classic Spawn covers. In addition to the 6 issue trade paperbacks, this line features three oversized 12–13 issue hardcovers, and two large 25-issue limited slipcased deluxe editions (which come in both a standard edition and a signed and numbered edition limited to 500 copies). The 12-issue hardcover edition of Volume One was the first to reprint both Issues 9 and 10, and the 25-issue deluxe editions did as well. Spawn Origins Collection Volume 20 trade paperback was the final volume released in 2014, collecting issues #117–122.

In May 2019, a new edition of Spawn Origins Collection Volume 1 TPB (6th printing) was published at the low cover price of US$9.99. The book went back to press again for a seventh printing a few months later in September 2019.

After an eight-year gap, the line resumed in April 2022 with Spawn Origins Collection Volume 21 collecting issues #123–128. Spawn Origins Collection Volume 22 collecting issues #129–134 was published in September 2022.

• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 1 – collects issues #1–6 (May 2009) (sixth printing released in May 2019 at US$9.99 cover price) (seventh printing released in September 2019)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 2 – collects issues #7–9, 11–14 (July 2009)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 3 – collects issues #15–20 (December 2009)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 4 – collects issues #21–26 (January 2010)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 5 – collects issues #27–32 (May 2010)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 6 – collects issues #33–38 (July 2010)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 7 – collects issues #39–44 (September 2010)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 8 – collects issues #45–50 (November 2010)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 9 – collects issues #51–56 (February 2011)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 10 – collects issues #57–62 (March 2011)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 11 – collects issues #63–68 (June 2011)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 12 – collects issues #69–74 (September 2011)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 13 – collects issues #75–80 (January 2012)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 14 – collects issues #81–86 (March 2012)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 15 – collects issues #87–92 (June 2012)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 16 – collects issues #93–98 (September 2012)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 17 – collects issues #99–104 (February 2013)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 18 – collects issues #105–110 (May 2013)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 19 – collects issues #111–116 (September 2013)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 20 – collects issues #117–122 (February 2014)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 21 – collects issues #123–128 (April 2022)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 22 collects issues #129–134 (September 2022)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 23 collects issues #135–140 (October 2022)
• Spawn Origins Collection Volume 24 collects issues #141–146 (October 2022)

Deluxe edition

The Spawn Origins Collection: Deluxe Editions are wider and taller than normal deluxe editions. Each book comes with a slipcase for the book.

Hardcover edition

UK releases

These releases were originally published in fifteen 5–6-issue volumes in the UK by Titan Books, with titles named by religious themes. The following books contained original series issues 1–82, with the exception of the previously mentioned Issue 10.

• Creation – contains issues 1–5
• Evolution – contains issues 6–9 and 11
• Revelation – contains issues 12–15
• Escalation – contains issues 16–20
• Confrontation – contains issues 21–25
• Retribution – contains issues 26–30
• Transformation – contains issues 31–36
• Abduction – contains issues 37–42
• Sanction – contains issues 43–48
• Damnation – contains issues 49–53
• Corruption – contains issues 54–58
• Devastation – contains issues 59–64
• Termination – contains issues 65–70
• Resurrection – contains issues 71–76
• Ascension – contains issues 77–82

Spawn Universe Spin-off Collections

King Spawn

Related collected editions

Spin-off trade paperback collections

Several Spawn-related mini-series has been collected in trade paperback editions.

• Angela (later retitled Spawn: Angela's Hunt) – collects Neil Gaiman's Angela issues 1–3 and the 1995 one-shot.
• Spawn: Bloodfeud – collects Spawn: Bloodfeud 1–4 ISBN 1840231173
• Hellspawn: The Ashley Wood Collection – collects Hellspawn issues 1–10, replaces pages from issue 10 originally drawn by Ben Templesmith with new art by Ashley Wood
• Spawn: The Undead – collects Spawn: The Undead issues 1–9
• Medieval Spawn / Witchblade – collects Medieval Spawn / Witchblade 1–3 ISBN 188727944X
• Sam & Twitch Book 1: Udaku – collects 1–8 of the Sam and Twitch spin-off.
• Sam & Twitch: The Brian Michael Bendis Collection 1 – collects issues 1–9
• Sam & Twitch: The Brian Michael Bendis Collection 2 – collects issues 10–19
• Sam & Twitch: The Writer ISBN 1607062275
• Violator vs. Badrock – collects Alan Moore's crossover miniseries issues 1–4
• Shadows of Spawn Collection – collects the Spawn manga ISBN 1582406588
• Spawn: Book of the Dead ISBN 160706149X Released in both hardcover and softcover editions
• Alan Moore: Wild Worlds – collects Spawn/WildC.A.T.S. 1–4 ISBN 1401213790

One-shot editions

• Spawn: Blood and Shadows ISBN 1582401098
• Spawn: Blood and Salvation ISBN 1582401144
• Spawn: Simony ISBN 1582403651
• Spawn: Architects of Fear ISBN 1582408386
• Spawn: The Movie ISBN 1887279814
• Spawn: The Book Of Souls ASIN: B0039ODNQW
• Spawn: Bible ASIN: B001M0G3NK
• Spawn Adult Coloring Book
• Spawn: Godslayer
• Spawn/Batman ISBN 1582400199
• Batman/Spawn: War Devil ISBN 1563891441
• Spawn & Batman: Inner Demons (Unreleased)
• Spawn/Savage Dragon: Newsstand edition of Savage Dragon issue 30
• Angela Special
• Angela/Glory
• Glory/Angela
• Glory/Celestine
• Aria-Angela Blank & Noir

Spin-off hardcover collection

A few Spawn-related mini-series have been collected in HC editions.

• Spawn: The Dark Ages Complete Collection – collects issues 1–28 ISBN 1607066866
• Hellspawn: Complete Collection – collects issues 1–16 ISBN 1607061554
• Sam & Twitch: Complete Collection Volume 1 – collects issues 1–12 ISBN 1607062402
• Sam& Twitch : Complete Collection Volume 2 – collects issues 13–24 ISBN 1607062429
• Batman/Spawn: The Classic Collection – collects Batman/Spawn: War Devil and Spawn/Batman ISBN 1779521502

Curse of the Spawn

Most of the Curse of the Spawn – spin-off series has been collected in trade paperback editions.

• Curse of the Spawn: Book 1: Sacrifice of the Soul – issues 1–4
• Curse of the Spawn: Book 2: Blood and Sutures – issues 5–8
• Curse of the Spawn: Book 3: Shades of Grey – issues 9–11, 29
• Curse of the Spawn: Book 4: Lost Values – issues 12–14, 22
• The Best of Curse of the Spawn – contains issues 1–8, 12–16 and 20–29 without the coloring

In other media

Television

• Spawn made his animated debut in the HBO animated series Todd McFarlane's Spawn in which Spawn is voiced by Keith David. The series won two Emmys (one in 1998 and another in 1999) and two Golden Reel Awards (1998/1999).
• In 2011, Spawn starred in the Death Battle! episode "Kratos vs. Spawn" from Rooster Teeth, in which he faced off against Kratos from the God of War franchise, defeating him in the series' titular duel to the death, complimented by Inverse as "cute".
• In 2019, McFarlane revealed that there will be two animated shows based on the character, one for kids and the other for adults.

Film

• In 1997, a film adaptation featured Michael Jai White as Spawn. As a result, White became the first African American to portray a major comic book superhero in a major motion picture, and received generally negative reviews.
• In early 2015, McFarlane announced a new Spawn film adaptation. In February 2016 McFarlane confirmed he had completed the script for the film with a larger-than-normal page count because he was "putting in details for self" in conjunction with his hopes to direct. In July 2017, it was confirmed that McFarlane would direct the film, which is being produced under Jason Blum's production company Blumhouse. In May 2018, it was reported that Jamie Foxx would portray the title character. In July 2018, the working title was revealed to be Tony Dynamite. In November 2019, the film restarted development due to the financial success of the R-rated comic book film Joker. In August 2021, it was revealed that Broken City screenwriter Brian Tucker had been hired to rewrite McFarlane's screenplay. In October 2022, McFarlane announced that Scott Silver, Malcolm Spellman, and Matthew Mixon had been hired to rewrite the screenplay. In June 2023, Jason Blum announced that he is aiming for a 2025 release date. On July 22, 2024, McFarlane announced on his Twitter page that the script was completed, and that the film would be retitled King Spawn.
• Spawn appears in Ready Player One (2018). He also appears as an avatar fighting the forces of IOI on Planet Doom during the final battle.

Video games

Spawn has starred in several video games:

• Todd McFarlane's Spawn: The Video Game (1995) (SNES)
• Spawn: The Eternal (1997) (PlayStation)
• Spawn: The Ultimate (1997) (PlayStation, only released in Japan)
• Spawn (1999) (Game Boy Color) voiced by Scott Keck.
• Spawn: In the Demon's Hand (1999, 2000; Dreamcast, arcade) voiced by Maurice Dean Wint.
• Spawn: Armageddon (2003; Xbox, PlayStation 2, and GameCube) voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson.
• Soulcalibur II (2003; Xbox) voiced by Akio Otsuka in the Japanese version and by Kevin Michael Richardson in the English dub.
• Soulcalibur II HD Online (2013): (Xbox 360, PlayStation 3)
• Mortal Kombat 11 (2019; PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Switch, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S) with Keith David reprising his role. In his ending, he sends Kronika and Malebogia to hell for eternity and, with Scorpion's and Sub-Zero's assistance, makes a new goal to purge the eight Hells left.
• Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II (2023) with Keith David reprising his role. Spawn headlines the battle pass of Season 6, with multiple other in-game operators receiving skins themed around characters related to Spawn.

Merchandising

• At the time of the release of the live action film, Spawn appeared in several commercials for Taco Bell.
• In 1994 McFarlane Toys released the first line of Spawn toys produced, in later years the series would include alternate timeframes and different takes on the classic characters with toyline series.

Music

The Dark Saga by Iced Earth is a concept album based upon the Spawn story. The cover of the album, by Greg Capullo and Todd McFarlane, depicts Spawn himself, though due to legal issues, Iced Earth could not use the names of the characters in the songs.

Reception

Spawn was ranked 60th on Wizard magazine's list of the Top 200 Comic Book Characters of All Time, 50th on Empire magazine's list of The 50 Greatest Comic Book Characters, and 36th on IGN's 2011 Top 100 Comic Book Heroes.

References

1. Nama, Adilifu (October 1, 2011). Super Black: American Pop Culture and Black Superheroes. University of Texas Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-292-74252-9.
2. McFarlane, Todd (November 2012). The Art of Todd McFarlane: The Devil's in the Details. Todd McFarlane Productions/Image Comics.
3. Miller, John Jackson. "X-Men #1, One Piece, and world records" Archived November 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, The Comics Chronicles, November 16, 2010.
4. Rossen, Jake (May 2008). "50 Events That Rocked Comics". Wizard Magazine #200.
5. "Todd McFarlane – Complete Biography". Spawn.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2008.
6. "Wizard Market Watch". Wizard. No. 22. June 1993. pp. 134–5.
7. ^ Pearson, Lars (August 1997). "Spawn's Scorching". Wizard. No. 72. p. 141.
8. "Wizard Top 100". Wizard. No. 72. August 1997. p. 142.
9. "Top 300 Comics Actual—January 2008". icv2.com. Retrieved March 7, 2008.
10. "McFarlane-Portacio Spawn Sells Out". Newsarama. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
11. "Comic Book Sales Figures for April 2009". Newsarama. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
12. "Monthly Comics Book Sales–September 2010". comichron.com. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
13. "Spawn #200 Sells Out in One Day". Comic Book Resources. January 13, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
14. "Spawn #200 – Review". IGN. January 12, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
15. Zawlacki, Jake. "Searching for Legitimacy: Spawn, McFarlane, and the Homage Cover – ImageTexT". Retrieved October 23, 2023.
16. "Monthly Comics Book Sales–May 2018". comichron.com. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
17. Couch, Aaron (June 8, 2021). "'Spawn's Universe' Sets Sales Milestone for Image Comics". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
18. Couch, Aaron (August 11, 2021). "'King Spawn' No. 1 Sells Nearly 500,000 Copies". The Hollywood Reporter.
19. Pitts, Lan; Doran, Michael (August 11, 2021). "Todd McFarlane on why King Spawn #1 sales are so high and what Spawn can do that Marvel and DC can't". gamesradar. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
20. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Gunslinger Spawn Sales Mark the Biggest Superhero Launch in 25 Years". Comic Book Resources. September 22, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
21. "THE SCORCHED #1 SETS ANOTHER RECORD AS SPAWN FRANCHISE ENDS 2021 WITH 4TH SALES-SHATTERING RECORD". Image Comics. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
22. Klein, Brennan (April 17, 2022). "Todd McFarlane Gives Optimistic Update on Spawn Movie Reboot". Screen Rant.
23. Nelson, Victoria (May 8, 2012). Gothicka: Vampire Heroes, Human Gods, and the New Supernatural. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-674-06540-6.
24. ^ M. Keith Booker, ed. (2010). Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels. ABC-CLIO. pp. 583–585. ISBN 978-0-313-35746-6.
25. Boyd, Todd (October 30, 2008). African Americans and Popular Culture [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-313-06408-1.
26. Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J. (January 2013). Icons of the American Comic Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman. ABC-CLIO. p. 503. ISBN 978-0-313-39923-7.
27. ^ Wagner, Hank; Golden, Christopher; Bissette, Stephen R. (October 28, 2008). Prince of Stories: The Many Worlds of Neil Gaiman. St. Martin's Press. pp. 239–252. ISBN 978-1-4299-6178-3.
28. Terror, Jude (February 21, 2018). "Misery, a New Series from Todd McFarlane Channeling the #MeToo Movement". Bleeding Cool News And Rumors. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
29. "'Spawn' Spin-Off 'Sam and Twitch' Is Getting a TV Series From 'Mare of Easttown' Producers & Todd McFarlane". Collider. June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
30. "Spawn's Universe: #1". Image Comics. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
31. "SPAWN #350 NEW DIRECTION SENDS SHOCKWAVES THROUGH UPCOMING KING SPAWN, THE SCORCHED & GUNSLINGER SERIES' STORYLINES". Image Comics. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
32. "Batman and Spawn Face Off in Batman Spawn". DC. September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
33. ^ "TODD MCFARLANE ROLLS OUT "THE NEW U," UNVEILS SAM & TWITCH: CASE FILES #1 VARIANT COVER". Image Comics. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
34. ^ Comments, Rich Johnston | (October 19, 2023). "Todd McFarlane Launches Ten More Spawn Titles For 2024". bleedingcool.com. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
35. "TODD MCFARLANE PRODUCTIONS' SPAWN UNIVERSE EXPANDS WITH NEW SCIENCE-FICTION SERIES RAT CITY NEXT MONTH". Image Comics. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
36. ^ "Spawn gets a whole new comic line consisting of no fewer than 15 titles". March 4, 2024.
37. ^ Johnston, Rich (July 21, 2023). "Todd McFarlane Announces 5 New Spawn Comics at San Diego Comic-Con". bleedingcool.com.
38. "Spawn gets a whole new comic line consisting of no fewer than 15 titles". March 4, 2024.
39. "Spawn gets a whole new comic line consisting of no fewer than 15 titles". March 4, 2024.
40. Jennings, Collier (July 25, 2024). "SDCC '24: Todd McFarlane talks all things Spawn comics and new movie • AIPT". aiptcomics.com. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
41. ^ "Points of Articulation: KIMOTA! Neil Gaiman vs. Todd McFarlane". OAFEnet. July 17, 2003.
42. ^ "Points of Articulation: KIMOTA! Neil Gaiman vs. Todd McFarlane, part 2". OAFEnet. September 1, 2004.
43. Gaiman v. McFarlane, 360 F.3d 644 (7th Cir. 2004-02-24).
44. "Gaiman & McFarlane Settle Suit on Medieval Spawn, Angela". Comic Book Resources. January 30, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
45. "TODD MCFARLANE Reacts to the Marvel/ANGELA Situation". Newsarama. March 25, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
46. Johnson, Rich (June 19, 2013). "Marvel Owns Angela – But No, Karen Gillan Won't Be Playing Her In Guardians Of The Galaxy". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
47. CBC Arts (December 20, 2004). "Todd McFarlane Productions files for bankruptcy". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
48. "Appeals court upholds $15M verdict for Twist". Stlouis.bizjournals.com. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
49. ^ "[EXCLUSIVE!] McFARLANE REUNITES WITH 'SPAWN'". Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved January 12, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
50. "The Pro Logs Extra: Will Carlton". ComicBuzz. March 21, 2012. Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
51. "Jonathan David Goff". Comic Book DB. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
52. "Paul Jenkins". Comic Book DB. December 6, 1965. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
53. "Spawn (1992) #27". Comic Book DB. Archived from the original on December 31, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
54. ^ "Spawn (1992) #32". Comic Book DB. Archived from the original on January 1, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
55. "June 2010". MaggieThompson.com. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
56. "Spawn (1992) #11". Comic Book DB. Archived from the original on January 1, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
57. "Top 100 Graphic Novels Actual—December 2005". icv2.com. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
58. "Spawn Compendium, Vol. 1 TP (New Edition)". Image Comics.
59. "Spawn Origins, Vol. 1".
60. McFarlane, Todd (May 7, 2019). Spawn: Origins Volume 1 (New Printing). Image Comics. ISBN 978-1534313897.
61. "Spawn: Origins Collection, Book 10 HC | Releases". Image Comics. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
62. "Hellspawn Collection | Spawn Comic Books". SpawnWorld. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
63. ^ "Spawn Voice | Behind The Voice Actors". behindthevoiceactors.com. December 18, 2019. Check mark indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
64. "Awards for "Spawn"". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved August 23, 2007.
65. Rooster Teeth (April 12, 2011). Kratos vs. Spawn | DEATH BATTLE!. Death Battle!. Retrieved April 12, 2011 – via YouTube.
66. Francisco, Eric (November 7, 2016). "The 9 Best Superhero Fight Fan Videos on YouTube". Inverse. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
67. Weiss, Josh (September 3, 2019). "Todd McFarlane Reported Working on Two Animated 'Spawn' Shows for Kids and Adults". Syfy Wire. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
68. "As Once-Dead Heroes Go, He's Tough to Beat – latimes". Articles.latimes.com. February 11, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
69. "Michael Jai White is first Black comic superhero to star on the movie screen in 'Spawn.'". Jet Magazine. Johnson Publishing Company. September 22, 1997. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
70. "Todd McFarlane here....Unedited and Uncensored! AMA! : IAmA". Reddit.com. February 11, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
71. "Todd McFarlane gives Spawn film reboot update | EW.com". Ew.com. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
72. Kit, Borys (July 21, 2017). "New 'Spawn' Movie in the Works From Todd McFarlane, Blumhouse". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
73. Hernandez, Antonio (May 29, 2018). "Jamie Foxx Set For 'Spawn,' Creator Todd McFarlane's Dark Blumhouse Adaptation". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
74. Scott, Ryan (July 26, 2018). "Spawn Working Title Revealed, Shooting Begins in Early 2019". movieweb. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
75. Barfield, Charles (November 1, 2019). "Todd McFarlane Says 'Joker' Has Created More Interest From Hollywood In His R-Rated 'Spawn' Reboot". The Playlist. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
76. Scott, Ryan (October 31, 2019). "Spawn Reboot May Finally Get Going Thanks to Joker Success". MovieWeb. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
77. Kit, Borys (August 13, 2021). "'Spawn' Movie Gets 'Broken City' Scribe as New Writer (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
78. Couch, Aaron (October 5, 2022). "'Spawn' Movie Finds New Writers with 'Joker,' 'Captain America 4' Scribes (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
79. Burlingame, Russ (June 28, 2023). "Spawn Movie in Very, Very Active Development, Predicted 2025 Release According to Blumhouse Head Jason Blum (Exclusive)". Comicbook.
81. Staley, Brandon (March 3, 2018). "Ready Player One's Comic Book Easter Eggs". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
82. David, Keith (August 26, 2019). "It's official! I will be the voice of #Spawn in #MK11" (Tweet). Retrieved December 20, 2019 – via Twitter.
83. Staff, Call of Duty. "Announcing Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II and Call of Duty: Warzone Season 06: The Haunting". www.callofduty.com. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
84. "Search Results for: Spawn".
85. "The Dark Saga". Iced Earth. Archived from the original on July 23, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
86. "IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes: (40–21)" Archived October 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. IGN. May 5, 2011

External links

• Official website
• Template:Curlie
• Spawn at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original)

• Spawn (comics)
• Spawn characters
• 1992 comics debuts
• Action figures
• African-American superheroes
• American comics adapted into films
• Comics characters who use magic
• Characters created by Todd McFarlane
• Comic martial artists
• Comics adapted into animated series
• Comics adapted into television series
• Comics adapted into video games
• Comics by Todd McFarlane
• Comics characters introduced in 1992
• Comics characters who can teleport
• Fictional immortals in comics
• Comics set in New York City
• Dark fantasy comics
• Demon characters in comics
• Demon superheroes
• Demons in film
• Demons in television
• Fictional assassins in comics
• Fictional axefighters
• Fictional melee weapons practitioners
• Fictional Central Intelligence Agency personnel
• Fictional characters from Michigan
• Fictional characters from New York City
• Fictional characters who have made pacts with devils
• Fictional characters with death or rebirth abilities
• Fictional characters with disfigurements
• Fictional characters with energy-manipulation abilities
• Fictional characters with post-traumatic stress disorder
• Fictional demon hunters
• Fictional gods
• Fictional lieutenant colonels
• Fictional mercenaries in comics
• Fictional military personnel in comics
• Fictional murdered people
• Fictional spies in comics
• Fictional suicides
• Fictional swordfighters in comics
• Fictional telepaths
• Fictional United States Marine Corps personnel
• Image Comics shapeshifters
• Image Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
• Image Comics characters with accelerated healing
• Image Comics characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
• Image Comics characters with superhuman strength
• Image Comics male superheroes
• Image Comics titles
• Magical superheroes
• Mythology in comics
• Science fantasy comics
• Superhero horror comics
• Superheroes with alter egos
• Telekinetic characters in video games
• Undead superheroes
• Vigilante characters in comics
• Works based on the Faust legend
• African-American characters in comics
• African-American characters in television
• African-American characters in films
• Fighting game characters