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Abdul Ahad Dar (1903 – 1948), popularly known as Abdul Ahad Azad, was a Kashmiri poet, historian and literary critic. Born in the Rangar village of Chadoora in Budgam district, he is often referred to as the "Keats of Kashmir". He was influenced by Kashmiri ghazals of Rasul Mir and Mahmud Gami.

Together with Mahjoor and Zinda Kaul, he is considered to be one of the pioneers of the modernist movement in Kashmiri literature.

Personal life

Azad was born in 1903 to Muhammad Sultan Dar and belonged to the Dar tribe of Kashmir. He received his early education in a madrassa and was taught Persian, Arabic and Islamic philosophy by his father. Azad was appointed by government as a primary school teacher and taught arabic at a primary school in Zowhama, before being transferred to Tral. Azad was victimized by the Dogra administration because of his revolutionary thinking and was transferred to far places. His dues were also withheld by the government.

Literary work

Azad wrote his first poem at the age of 16. He was introduced to the poetry of Habba Khatoon, Rasul Mir and Maqbool Shah by his father. Azad wrote various revolutionary poems and became a source of inspiration for the freedom fighters during the political awakening in Kashmir. Azad composed a three volume history of Kashmiri poetry from Lalleshwari to his time. The book was edited by Mohammad Yusuf Teng and published by Sathiya Akademi in Urdu. Azad initially wrote prose in Urdu but was later inspired to write in Kashmiri after Mahjoor founded the journal Kong Pos.

Kuleat e Azad and Haraam e Saba are two of his books.

Poetic themes

Azad's poetry, influenced by a Marxist perspective, expresses a strong desire for social emancipation by giving voice to the voiceless elements of society. His poetry reveals a devotion to the birth of a new, progressive society in which the structures of exploitation and inequality collapse, as Marx predicted in his philosophy.

References

1. Kashmir, Greater. "Abdul Ahad Azad remembered". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
2. "ABDUL AHAD AZAD ( 1903-1948 )". KashmirPEN. 5 July 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
3. Gauhar, G. N., 1934- (1997). Abdul Ahad Azad. Sahitya Akademi. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 81-260-0322-7. OCLC 37993483. Archived from the original on 22 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
4. ^ Handoo, Jawaharlal (1979). "Contemporary Kashmiri Poetry". Indian Literature. 22 (5): 145–154. ISSN 0019-5804.
5. ^ "Abdul Ahad Azad: Voicing Romance and Rebellion". Brighter Kashmir. Archived from the original on 22 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
6. Life, Kashmir (19 March 2021). "Why Abdul Ahad Azad Was The Poet of The Future?". Kashmir Life. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
7. Bhat, Roopkrishen (2018). Communal harmony in Kashmiri literature. New Delhi: Authorspress. pp. 121–136. ISBN 978-93-87281-41-7.
8. Kachru, Braj B. (2023). Kashmiri literature. A history of Indian literature / Series editor Jan Gonda Vol. 8, Modern Indian-Aryan literatures, part 1 (Reprint 2020 ed.). New Delhi: Manohar. ISBN 978-93-88540-55-1.
9. Fayaz, Farooq (2004). "Political Awakening and Protest as Echoed in Folk Verse (1885-1947)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 65: 715–726. ISSN 2249-1937.
10. Kaul, J. L. (1963). "Kashmiri Literature". Indian Literature. 6 (2): 92–96. ISSN 0019-5804.
11. SHAMEEM, BASHARAT (29 December 2023). "Remembering the Poet of the Masses: Abdul Ahad Azad". Rising Kashmir. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

• 1903 births
• 1948 deaths
• Kashmiri poets
• 20th-century Indian poets
• Indian male poets
• 20th-century Indian male writers