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| Type | Ceasefire agreement |
|---|---|
| Context | Temporarily stopping the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon and the Israel–Hezbollah conflict, designed to cease hostilities permanently |
| Signed | November 26, 2024 (2024-11-26) |
| Effective | November 27, 2024; 32 days ago (2024-11-27), 02:00 GMT |
On November 27, 2024, a ceasefire agreement brokered by the United States and France took effect, ending 14 months of intense fighting between Hezbollah and Israel. The agreement mandates a 60-day halt to hostilities, during which Hezbollah is to move its fighters north of the Litani River—approximately 30 km from the Israel–Lebanon border—and Israeli forces are to gradually withdraw from southern Lebanon. A five-country monitoring panel, led by the United States, will oversee the implementation, with 5,000 Lebanese troops deployed to ensure compliance. Israel retains the right to strike should it face immediate threats to its security.
The deal comes after significant losses for Hezbollah, including the death of its leader Hassan Nasrallah and the destruction of much of its military infrastructure and missile arsenal. A day earlier, Israeli soldiers arrived at the Litani River for the first time in the war. Israel's security cabinet endorsed the agreement with a 10-1 vote. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that the ceasefire allows Israel to focus on the Iranian threat, replenish its military forces, and isolate Hamas, while also pledging to respond to any attempts to install missiles or dig tunnels near the border. The ceasefire was hailed as a significant accomplishment for the Biden Administration, with US President Joe Biden stating that the agreement was "designed to be a permanent cessation of hostilities." He further emphasized that "what is left of Hezbollah and other terrorist organizations will not be allowed to threaten the security of Israel again."
While the ceasefire offers a temporary relief to both parties, there are concerns over the potential failure to enforce the terms, mirroring the situation following the 2006 Lebanon war and UN Resolution 1701, which called Hezbollah to disarm. The Lebanese army, weakened by economic crisis and insufficient resources, faces a challenging task in maintaining order in southern Lebanon. Many Lebanese are eager for an end to the conflict, but concerns persist that Hezbollah may disregard the ceasefire and rearm in southern Lebanon. On the Israeli side, the prolonged displacement of civilians near the border and the strain on the military continue to drive the need for a solution.
Background
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A 14-month-long conflict between the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah and Israel began on 8 October 2023, when Hezbollah launched rockets and artillery at Israeli positions following the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel. The conflict escalated into a prolonged exchange of bombardments, leading to extensive displacement in Israel and Lebanon. The conflict, part of the broader Middle Eastern crisis that began with Hamas' attack, marked the largest escalation of the Hezbollah–Israel conflict since the 2006 Lebanon War.
On 8 October 2023, Hezbollah started firing guided rockets and artillery shells at Israeli positions in the Shebaa Farms, which it said was in solidarity with Palestinians following the Hamas attack on Israel and beginning of Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip. Israel retaliated by launching drone strikes and artillery shells at Hezbollah positions. Israel also carried out airstrikes throughout Lebanon and in Syria. In northern Israel, the ongoing conflict has forced approximately 96,000 individuals to leave their homes, while in Lebanon, over 1.4 million individuals have been displaced. Hezbollah stated it would not stop attacks against Israel until it stops its military operations in Gaza; Israel said its attacks would continue until its citizens could return safely to the north.
In September 2024, Israel intensified its operations with two waves of electronic device attacks targeting Hezbollah's communication systems, and later assassinated the group's leading figures, including secretary-general Hassan Nasrallah, and his successor, Hashem Safieddine.
On 1 October, the Israeli military began an invasion of southern Lebanon, although it had been conducting limited ground operations for some time. Israeli operations led to the significant dismantling of Hezbollah's military infrastructure in southern Lebanon and the destruction of a large portion of its missile stockpile.
A 60-day ceasefire agreement was brokered and took effect on 27 November 2024. The ceasefire required Hezbollah to move its fighters north of the Litani River, approximately 30 kilometres (19 miles) from the Israeli border, while Israel began withdrawing its forces from southern Lebanon. The Lebanese Army was tasked with deploying around 5,000 soldiers to monitor the situation and maintain peace in the region. The ceasefire is being monitored by a panel of five countries, led by the United States, though Israel retains the right to strike at immediate threats in Lebanon during this period.The agreement
On November 26, 2024, Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu announced the transfer of a ceasefire agreement to the Security Cabinet of Israel. The cabinet voted 10–1 in favor of approving the deal, with the sole opponent being National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir.
According to Israeli reports, the ceasefire agreement will include several clauses:
- Hezbollah, or any other armed movement in Lebanon, will not carry out any offensive action against Israel.
- Israel will not carry out any offensive action against targets in Lebanon, including on the ground, in the air and at sea.
- Israel and Lebanon recognize the importance of UN Security Council Resolution 1701.
- The Lebanese army and the Lebanese security forces will be the only armed groups authorized to operate in southern Lebanon.
- Sale, supply and production of weapons in Lebanon will be under the supervision and control of the Lebanese government.
- All unauthorized facilities involved in the production of weapons and their accessories will be dismantled, as well as infrastructure and military positions. Unauthorized weapons that do not comply with these obligations will be confiscated.
- A committee will be established that will be acceptable to Israel and Lebanon, which will supervise and assist in ensuring the enforcement of the agreement. The enforcement will involve, among others, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany.
- Israel and Lebanon will report any possible violation of the commitments to the aforementioned committee and UNIFIL.
- Lebanese military forces will be deployed along all borders and crossing points in the country.
- Israel will gradually withdraw its forces into Israeli territory in a period of up to 60 days.
- During this period of time, Hezbollah operatives will withdraw to the north of the Litani River, while the armed forces that will be allowed to stay in this area will be the Lebanese Armed Forces and the UNIFIL force.
- Israel will retain "complete military freedom of action" to attack Lebanon in the event of a violation of the agreement by Hezbollah or another entity in Lebanon.
- A buffer zone will not be established between the villages of South Lebanon and the settlements on the conflict line.
- The US will promote indirect negotiations between Israel and Lebanon to reach a recognized land border.
According to Lebanese reports, a Lebanese government source reported that if no escalations or breaches of the agreement occur by 10 a.m. local time on 27 November 2024, the ceasefire agreement will go into effect. Prime Minister of Lebanon Najib Mikati issued strong support for the agreement and urged the international community to help implement the agreement immediately in order to "halt Israeli aggression".
Aftermath
Following the implementation of the ceasefire between Lebanon and Israel, the IDF opened fire on Lebanese civilians returning to their homes in southern Lebanon, claiming that Hezbollah members were among the returnees.
Political context
In a public announcement on Israeli television following deliberation of the ceasefire terms, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu asserted his support for the deal on the basis that a ceasefire would allow the Israeli Defense Forces to focus primarily on Gaza Strip operations against Hamas and towards the "Iranian threat". He stated that "we are changing the face of the region".
He further stated that the ceasefire was considered due to claimed Israeli success in the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon because Hezbollah was "no longer the same group that launched a war against us", and that the Israeli Defense Forces had "set them back decades". He stated that the Israeli army had achieved many of its goals in the invasion and airstrikes by killing most of Hezbollah's leadership and destroying large numbers of Lebanese infrastructure linked to them.
Reactions
Israel
Former Israeli consul-general and ambassador Alon Pinkas deemed the deal "unenforceable" due to it assuming that the Lebanese army will supervise weapon production and distribution. He described this assumption as "impossible" due to Hezbollah's independence from the Lebanese army in weapon distribution and inability to cooperate.
Israeli Security Minister and far-right politician Itamar Ben-Gvir expressed dissatisfaction with the ceasefire deal due to it not providing Israel with a "security belt", not allowing Israelis to return to Northern Israel, and not providing the Lebanese army resistance against Hezbollah.
Middle East
Al-Jazeera political analyst Marwan Bishara called the deal a "very temporary, fragile truce" due to it allowing Israel to resume military operations at any perceived provocation by Hezbollah and Israel's continued commitment to breaking down Hezbollah.
Several Palestinian citizens expressed significant concern over the potential ceasefire agreement allowing Israel to direct all its military forces towards bombardments and invasions in the Gaza Strip, exacerbating an already severe humanitarian crisis.
Iran welcomed the ceasefire agreement hoping it would end Israeli attacks on Lebanon.
United States
Secretary of State Anthony Blinken, praised the agreement and spoke with optimism that this ceasefire could also be a framework for a ceasefire in Gaza.
President Joe Biden and President of France Emmanuel Macron released a joint statement praising the agreement, saying that it will "secure Israel from the threat of Hezbollah and other terrorist organizations operating from Lebanon".
See also
References
- ^ "What to know about the ceasefire deal between Israel and Lebanon's Hezbollah". AP News. 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
- ^ Rasmussen, Sune Engel (2024-11-27). "The Impossible Mission to Enforce an Israel-Hezbollah Cease-Fire". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Yosef, Jeremy Diamond, Christian Edwards, Tamara Qiblawi, Eugenia (2024-11-26). "Israeli security cabinet approves Lebanon ceasefire deal, after 11th-hour strikes on central Beirut". CNN. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Israel and Hizbullah strike a fragile deal to end their war". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
- ^ "Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire holds in first hours, Lebanese civilians start to return home". Reuters. 2024-11-27.
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- "110,099 displaced from southern Lebanon since Oct. 8, 2023". L'Orient Today. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
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- Sales, Ben (1 October 2024). "Israel's Third Lebanon War is underway: What you need to know". Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
- "Events in North amount to 'Third Lebanon War,' security official says". Jerusalem Post. 23 September 2024. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
- Lex Harvey; Sana Noor Haq; Antoinette Radford; Elise Hammond; Aditi Sangal (30 September 2024). "Live updates: Hezbollah leader's killing escalates war with Israel". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- "Israeli Special Forces Launch Raids Into Lebanon Ahead of Expected Ground Incursion". The Wall Street Journal. 30 September 2024. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
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- ^ "Israel and Hizbullah strike a fragile deal to end their war". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
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- ^ Quillen, Stephen (2024-11-26). "Israel PM Netanyahu announces ceasefire with Hezbollah in Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
- Berman, Lazar (26 November 2024). "Security cabinet votes 10-1 to approve Lebanon ceasefire deal". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ^ Eichner, Itamar (2024-11-25). "הנסיגה מדרום לבנון, חופש הפעולה נגד חיזבאללה - ומסמך הצד: פרטי ההסכם עם לבנון" [The withdrawal from southern Lebanon, the freedom of action against Hezbollah - and the side document: the details of the agreement with Lebanon]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
- ^ Barsky, Anna; Shafer, Bar (2024-11-25). "דיווח: הפסקת אש בלבנון תוך 36 שעות; אלו פרטי ההסכם המסתמן" [Report: ceasefire in Lebanon within 36 hours; These are the details of the emerging agreement]. www.maariv.co.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2024-11-26.
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- "Joint Statement from President Biden of the United States and President Macron of France Announcing a Cessation of Hostilities". whitehouse.gov. 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
| Iran–Israel proxy conflict | |
|---|---|
| Background | |
| 2024 Iran–Israel conflict |
|
| Hezbollah–Israel conflict |
|
| Israeli–Palestinian conflict | |
| Gaza–Israel conflict | |
| Syrian civil war |
|
| International incidents |
|
| Nuclear program of Iran | |
| Related |
|
 Category:Iran–Israel proxy conflict | |
- Current events from November 2024
- 2024 in international relations
- November 2024 events in Israel
- November 2024 events in Lebanon
- Ceasefires in the Arab–Israeli conflict
- Foreign relations of Hezbollah
- Israel–Lebanon relations
- Israeli–Lebanese conflict
- 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
- Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)