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Jinjin or Tsikin (祭巾) was a liturgical headwear permitted for clergy in China during Ming and early Qing periods as part of the early Jesuit missions' efforts to adapt Catholic liturgical practices to local customs. Following Pope Paul V's bull in 1615, the Tsikin replaced the Roman biretta and was worn during all liturgical functions, reflecting traditional Chinese cultural values that regarded an uncovered head as a sign of disgrace.

References

1. Saavedra, Emanuel Bastias (2015). Norms beyond Empire: Law-Making and Local Normativities in Iberian Asia, 1500-1800. Brill Publishers.
2. "The Chinese Sacrificial Hat, and Reflections on Inculturation in China".
3. "The Philippi Collection: The Chinese Jijin - 祭巾 (Tsikin, Tsikim, Tsi-kim), Part I". 6 July 2011.
4. "Jijin". 29 July 2014.
5. Meynard, Thierry; Hongfan, Yang (2021). To Wear or Not to Wear a Hat During Mass? The Canton Conference and Giovanni Francesco de Ferrariis SJ's Report of 1668. Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu.

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