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Kalvarija, Lithuania

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This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Iljhgtn (talk | contribs) at 22:50, 16 December 2024 (Adding detail(s)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.

Revision as of 22:50, 16 December 2024 by Iljhgtn (talk | contribs) (Adding detail(s))(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) This article is about the city in southwestern Lithuania. For other uses, see Kalvarija (disambiguation) and Kalvaria (disambiguation).
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Town in Suvalkija, Lithuania
Kalvarija
Town
Church in KalvarijaChurch in Kalvarija
Coat of arms of KalvarijaCoat of arms
Kalvarija is located in LithuaniaKalvarijaKalvarijaLocation of Kalvarija
Coordinates: 54°25′0″N 23°13′0″E / 54.41667°N 23.21667°E / 54.41667; 23.21667
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSuvalkija
County Marijampolė County
MunicipalityKalvarija Municipality
EldershipKalvarija eldership
Capital ofKalvarija Municipality
Kalvarija eldership
First mentioned1667
Granted town rights1791
Population
 • Total3,971
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Kalvarija (pronunciation) is a town in southwestern Lithuania, located in the Marijampolė County, close to the border with Poland. It is the administrative seat and largest town of Kalvarija Municipality.

Etymology and names

Variants of the name include Kalvarijos, Kalvariya, Kalwarja, Yiddish: קאלװאריע (Kalvarye), Kalwaria (Polish), Kalvarien (German), Calvaria, Kalvaria, Kalwariya, and Kalwarya. The town is named so because it was established in the 17th century as a shrine commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus.

History

Winter synagogue
Old synagogue from the 18th century

In 1705 the first wooden church was built. In 1713, local Jews received permission from King August II to build a synagogue and Jewish craftsmen were first permitted to practice their crafts without having to be members of the craft guilds. In 1791 Stanisław August Poniatowski recognized that Kalvarija had the right to call itself a town and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new St. Petersburg–Warsaw road was constructed toward the end of the 19th century. By the outbreak of World War I, Kalvarija had over 10,000 inhabitants; the destruction of two-thirds of the town during the war caused the population decline. The city was the site of a battle in 1915, during World War I.

During World War II, Kalvarija was under German occupation from 22 June 1941 until 1 August 1944. It was administered as a part of the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland. In 1941, a mass execution of 38 Jews of the city was perpetrated by Gestapo soldiers and Lithuanian policemen.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania

Twin towns — Sister cities

Kalvarija is twinned with:

See also

References

Notes
  1. United States Board on Geographic Names - Kalvarija (54° 24' 00" N, 023° 14' 00" E). Accessed 2009-11-19.
  2. "Kalvarija, Lithuania". Jewishgen.org. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
  3. Освобождение городов
  4. "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania".

External links

Marijampolė County
Municipalities
Cities
Towns
Villages
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