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Harbour Gate
The building in 2009.
General information
Type	City gate
Architectural style	Baroque
Location	Szczecin, Poland
Address	2 Harbour Gate Square
Coordinates	53°25′30″N 14°33′00″E / 53.42500°N 14.55000°E / 53.42500; 14.55000
Construction started	1725
Completed	1727
Technical details
Floor count	1
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Gerhard Cornelius van Wallrawe
Other designers	Bartholomé Damart Hans Jürgen Reinecke

The Harbour Gate (Polish: Brama Portowa; German: Hafentor), formerly known as the Berlin Gate (Polish: Brama Berlińska; German: Berliner Tor), and the Brandenburg Gate (Polish: Brama Brandenburska; German: Brandenburger Tor), is a historic Baroque city gate in Szczecin, Poland, located at the intersection of Independence Avenue, Wyszyńskiego Street, and Victory Square. It was constructed between 1725 and 1727, with the project being designed by Gerhard Cornelius van Wallrawe, and its elaborate façade sculptures done by Bartholomé Damart. It served as one of the entraces to the city, and was part of the fortification walls, until 1841, when they were deconstructed. Currently, it serves as a community theatre venue.

History

The construction of the city gate was ordered by king Frederick William I of Prussia in 1724, and lasted from 1725 to 1727. Attached to the fortification walls, it was one of the entrances to the city, and was protected by the nearby Royal and Passau bastions. The building was designed by military architect Gerhard Cornelius van Wallrawe, with the masonry done by Hans Jürgen Reinecke, and the façade sculptures by Bartholomé Damart. The bricks used in its construction were manufactured in Liège in Belgium, while its façade and ornamentations were made from sandstone imported from Pirna in Saxony. It was originally named the Brandenburg Gate, and it was renamed to the Berlin Gate in 1732, as the road lead from it to the city of Berlin. The name was previously used to refer to a different gate, located at Wyszyńskiego Street, until it was deconstructed that year. The fortification walls were removed in 1873, with the gate being preserved, and given to the city.

In 1902, in front of the eastern, then bricked up, gate, was placed the Amphitrite Fountain sculptured by Reinhold Felderhoff. It depicted Amphitrite, goddess of the sea in the Greek mythology, as a nude female figure, standing on a chariot drawn by two galloping horses. It was placed on top of a large shallow fountain basin. The nudity of the sculpture has caused controversy and protests among some religious conservative women. The location of the fountain and its basin was deemed to interfere with the road traffic, and it was removed on 12 Ocotber 1932.

In 1942, during the Second World War, to protect the elaborate sculptures at the top of the gate, from the Alliaed bombing raids, they were taken down, and hidden in the Arkonian Woods. They were reinstalled in 1957. The building itself was covered in ivy to hide it.

In 1954, the building received the status of a protected cultural property.

From 1976 to 2013, the building housed an art supplies store. Since 2015, it is a theatre venue of the Szczecin Association of the Friends of Art.

Characteristics

The building is placed next to the intersection of Independence Avenue and Wyszyńskiego Street, and is a central object of the Harbour Gate Square (Polish: Plac Brama Portowa), which is the easternmost tip of the larger Victory Square.

It is a historic city gate, built from bricks, and with Baroque sandstone façade and elaborate ornamentation. It has a form of two gates, connected by a long hallway.

The façade of the western entrace includes a cartouche above the gate archways, featuring a monogram of king Frederick William I of Prussia, with a royal crown put on top of it, two angels to its sides, playin on trumpets, while everything is placed at the backdrop of an elaborate panoply. To the sides, are two pillars. The attic above the cornice of the entablature features a Latin inscription made of letters painted in gold, informing about rightful ownership of the city of Szczecin by the Margraviate of Brandenburg, after it was bought in 1719, by king Frederick William I from the Swedish Empire. Above it, is displayed a relief, depicting the panorama of the city with Viadrus, a god of the Oder river in the local Slavic folklore, placed on the side. At the top, is installed a large sculpture, depicting the great coat of arms of Brandenburg, with a royal crown on top of it, and with a large panoply behind it, consisting of weaponry, armour, shields, and standards.

The inscription reads:

It translates to:

The façade of the easten entrace also includes a cartouche with a monogram of king Frederick William I of Prussia]], and a panoply. To its sides are reliefs of four pillars decorated with panoply. At the top is placed a large sculpture with the great coat of arms of Brandenburg, held by the wild men and a royal crown on top of it, and the Order of the Black Eagle hang from it. Below it are two sets of Roman armour. In the background is a large ponoply.

Currently, the building serves as a theatre venue for the Szczecin Association of the Friends of Art. It has the status of a protected cultural property.<ref name=wkz>

Gallery

• The west façade.
• The east façade.
• The Harbour Gate sometime between 1890 and 1990.

References

1. ^ "Brama Portowa". visitszczecin.eu (in Polish).
2. ^ "Brama Portowa". rowery.wzp.pl (in Polish).
3. ^ Barbara Ochendowska-Grzelak: "Hans Lutsch, Franz Balke und Gerhard Bronisch und ihr Beitrag zur Erforschung der pommerschen Kunstgeschichte", in: Bernfried Lichtnau (editor): Bildende Kunst in Mecklenburg und Pommern von 1880 bis 1950. Kunstprozesse zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie. Berlin: Lukas Verlag, 2011, p. 67–82. ISBN 978-3-86732-061-0 (in German)
4. C. Fredrich: "Die Baugeschichte Stettins unter König Friedrich Wilhelm I", BSt NF, vol. 31. Szczecin, 1929, p. 79. (in German)
5. Encyklopedia Szczecina, tom 2: P-Ż. Szczecin: Uniwersytet Szczeciński, 2000, p. 154. ISBN 83-7241-089-5. (in Polish)
6. Maria Łopuch (4 August 2009). "Sedina, Amfitryta i... dziewczyna z magnoliami". szczecin.wyborcza.pl (in Polish).
7. "Rejestr zabytków nieruchomych województwa z wyłączeniem zabytków archeologicznych w powiecie szczecińskim". wkz.bip.alfatv.pl (in Polish).

• 1727 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
• 1727 establishments in Prussia
• Buildings and structures completed in 1727
• Transport infrastructure completed in 1727
• Military installations established in 1727
• Buildings and structures in Szczecin
• Centrum, Szczecin
• Baroque architecture in Poland
• Objects of cultural heritage in Poland
• City gates
• Gates in Poland