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Trichogenes claviger
Trichogenes claviger
Conservation status
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Siluriformes
Family:	Trichomycteridae
Subfamily:	Trichogeninae
Genus:	Trichogenes
Species:	T. claviger
Binomial name
Trichogenes claviger de Pinna, Helmer, Britski & Nunes, 2010

Trichogenes claviger is a critically endangered catfish native to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.

Taxonomy

Trichogenes claviger is one of three known species within the genus Trichogenes, and the second to be discovered and described. The first species of the genus, T. longipinnis, was described in 1983 from a very local population discovered in an remnant rainforest between the major cities Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. T. longipinnis was long considered to be unique; a strikingly distinct fish that is not closely related to any other neotropical freshwater fish. Despite several surveys, the species has never been encountered in other areas, being restricted to an area less than 10 km across.

The first specimens of T. claviger were discovered by chance by biologists conducting a biodiversity survey in a remnant rainforest in Vargem Alta, Espírito Santo, some 1200 km northeast of the T. claviger population. Specimens, including the holotype (specimen MBML 3289) and 17 paratypes, were collected in February 2010, and became part of the collections of the Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão (MBML) in Santa Teresa and the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo in São Paulo. The species description was published later in 2010 by the Brazilian ichthyologist Mário C. C. de Pinna and colleagues.

In 2020, a third species of Trichogenes,

The genus Trichogenes is most closely related to the Copionodontinae, which are endemic to the Chapada Diamantina plateau in northeastern Brazil.

Habitat and distribution

The species is known from only from the Mata de Caetés (Caetés forest), a remnant of the Atlantic Forest, in Vargem Alta, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Here, the fish lives in small streams that are part of the catchment area of the Itapemirim River, which is isolated from other catchment areas. This forest is primary, mountainous rainforest interspersed with plantations of exotic trees. It was first discovered in a small shaded stream, the Picada Comprida, within primary rainforest at an altitude of around 1150 m. The stream is ca. 30 cm deep, slow flowing and has brown but clear water. The stream bed is sandy but partly covered with dead leaves and other organic material. The fishes tend to occur in midwater. It is the only species of fish to occur at the locality.

Conservation and Threats

Forno Grande farm

References

1. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) (2022). "Trichogenes claviger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T141159992A141159997.pt. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
2. ^ Pinna, Mário C. C. de; Helmer, José Luiz; Britski, Heraldo A.; Nunes, Leandro Rodrigues (2010). "A new species of Trichogenes from the rio Itapemirim drainage, southeastern Brazil, with comments on the monophyly of the genus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 8: 707–717. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252010000400002.
3. Silva, Juliana Paulo; Sarmento-Soares, Luisa Maria; Tonini, Lorena; Freitas, Joelcio (2023). "The contribution of local people to species conservation: the case of the catfish Trichogenes claviger in south-east Brazil". Oryx. 57 (6): 693–693. doi:10.1017/S0030605323000893.
4. Pinna, Mário C. C. de; Reis, Vinícius (Vinícius José Carvalho); Britski, Heraldo A. (2020). "A new species of Trichogenes (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with a discussion on the homologies of the anterior orbital bones in trichomycterids and other loricarioids". American Museum Novitates (3951). hdl:2246/7115.

• IUCN Red List critically endangered species