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Possession of the Mariana Islands was formally transferred from Spain to Germany, which purchased the archipelago (with the exception of Guam) from Spain for 837,500 German gold marks. The islands became part of German New Guinea.
Percy Pilcher, 32, British aviation pioneer and glider pilot, died of injuries sustained in a glider accident on September 30.
October 3, 1899 (Tuesday)
The boundary dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana was resolved by a binding award from the International Tribunal of Arbitration of five neutral jurists agreed upon by the United Kingdom and the United Venezuelan States.
The South African Republic telegraphed a three-day ultimatum to the United Kingdom, demanding an arbitration of issues and a pullback of troops from the borders between the Republic and the adjoining Cape Colony, Natal and Bechuanaland by October 11.
The French Sudan was divided into two smaller administrative units, Middle Niger (which later became the nations of Niger and Gambia) and Upper Senegal (which became the nations of Senegal and Mali).
42-year-old French Army officer and explorer Ferdinand de Béhagle was put to death by Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr, prompting a French expedition against Rabih.
October 16, 1899 (Monday)
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Boer troops commanded by Johannes Kock captured the railway station in Elandslaagte and cut the telegraph line between the British Army headquarters at Ladysmith and its station at Dundee.
17-year-old Robert H. Goddard received his inspiration to develop the first rocket capable of reaching outer space, after viewing his yard from high in a tree and imagining "how wonderful it would be to make some device which had even the possibility of ascending to Mars, and how it would look on a small scale, if sent up from the meadow at my feet."
In the first major clash of the Second Boer War, the Battle of Talana Hill, the British Army drove the Boers from a hilltop position, but with heavy casualties, including their commanding general Sir Penn Symons, who would die on October 23.
October 21, 1899 (Saturday)
Charge of the 5th Lancers at the Battle of Elandslaagte
The Battle of Elandslaagte was fought in Natal, as the British Army recaptured the railway station from the Boers, then proceeded toward the fortress of Ladysmith. South African General Jan Kock was fatally wounded in the battle and would die 10 days later.
Indirect fire was used for the first time in battle. British gunners in the Second Boer War fired a cannon on a high trajectory toward the Boer Army, with the objective of having the shell come down on the enemy.
The foundering of the British steamer Zurich off the coast of Norway killed 16 of the 17 crew aboard, with only the captain surviving.
The Battle of Kouno ended after two days in Chad, as French Army Captain Émile Gentil led a force of 344 troops against a much larger force of Sudanese Arabs, led by the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. Gentil routed the Sudanese.
The Battle of Ladysmith began as British troops at the Ladysmith fort attempted to make a preemptive strike against a larger force of South African Republic and Orange Free State troops who were gradually surrounding the fort. After sustaining 400 casualties and having 800 men captured, the British retreated back to the fort where a 118-day siege would begin on November 2.
"Founders of the Katipunan". Philippine Center for Masonic Studies. Independent Grand Lodge F & AM of the Philippine Islands. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
Plazas Olarte, Guillermo (1985). La guerra civil de los Mil Días: Estudio militar [The civil war of the Thousand Days: Military study] (in Spanish). Academia Boyacense de Historia. p. 47.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Browning, Thomas Blair (1901). "Mitchell, Peter". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.