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This is a list of members of royal families who entered into a proxy marriage throughout history.

Pre 1000

• Clovis I King of the Franks to Clotilde, in 496. This is one of the first known proxy marriages in Western history.

13th century

• Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor to Isabella II of Jerusalem, in August 1225
• Alfonso III of Aragorn married Eleanor of England, in 1282. Alfonso died in 1291 before the couple met.

15th century

• Henry IV of England to Joanna of Navarre, in April 1402
• Martin I of Sicily to Blanche I of Navarre, in May 1402
• John de la Pole to Margaret Beaufort, in 1450. The marriage was annulled in 1453.
• Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor to Anne of Brittany, in 1490

16th century

• James IV of Scotland to Margaret Tudor, on 25 January 1502
• Ferdinand II of Aragon to Germaine of Foix, in 1505
• Louis XII of France to Mary Tudor, in 1514
• Christian II of Denmark to Isabella of Austria, in 1514
• Sigismund the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, to Bona Sforza, on 6 December 1517
• Charles II, Duke of Savoy to Infanta Beatrice of Portugal, in 1521
• Francis II, Duke of Milan to Christina of Denmark, in September 1533
• James VI of Scotland and I of England to Anne of Denmark, on 20 August 1589

17th century

• Henry IV of France to Marie de' Medici, on 5 October 1600
• Louis XIII of France to Anne of Austria, on 18 October 1615
• Philip IV of Spain and Portugal to Elisabeth of France, on 18 October 1615
• Louis XIV of France to Maria Theresa of Spain, on 2 June 1660
• Charles I of England to Henrietta Maria of France, on 1 May 1625
• Charles V, Duke of Lorraine to Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours, in 1662. Lorraine soon refused to recognise the union, it had not been consummated and it was annulled
• James II of England to Mary of Modena on 20 September 1673
• Louis, Grand Dauphin of France to Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, on 28 January 1680

18th century

• Louis I of Spain to Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, in November 1721
• Prince Eugenio of Savoy, Count of Soissons to Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa, in November 1734. He died on 23 November 1734, before the couple met and the marriage was annulled on the grounds that it was never consummated.
• Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel to Princess Mary of Great Britain, on 8 May 1740
• Louis, Dauphin of France to María Teresa Rafaela of Spain, in 1744
• Archduke Joseph of Austria to Princess Isabella of Parma, on 7 September 1760
• Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor to Maria Luisa of Spain, on 16 February 1764
• Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily to Maria Carolina of Austria, on 7 April 1768
• Louis XVI of France to Marie Antoinette, on 19 April 1770

19th century

• Napoleon I of France to Austrian Archduchess Marie Louise, on 11 March 1810
• Maharaja Kharak Singh to Inder Kaur Bajwa, in 1815
• Pedro I of Brazil to Maria Leopoldina of Austria, on 13 May 1817
• Pedro II of Brazil to Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, on 30 May 1843

References

1. Edwards, Karthryn Rae (2011). "Kicking the INA out of Bed: Abolishing the Consummation Requirement for Proxy Marriages". Hastings Women's Law Journal. 22: 55.
2. Macdonald, Fiona (16 February 2012). Royal Weddings, A Very Peculiar History. pp. 37–39. ISBN 978-1-908759-76-4.
3. "Joan of Navarre, French Noblewoman, Medieval Queen & Wife of Henry IV". Britannica. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
4. Jones, Michael K.; Underwood, Malcolm G. (1992). The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44794-2.
5. Griffiths, Ralph Alan (1991). King and country : England and Wales in the fifteenth century. London ; Rio Grande, Ohio : Hambledon Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-85285-018-0.
6. Robin, Diana; Larsen, Anne R.; Levin, Carole (2007). Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-85109-772-2.
7. Parker, Geoffrey (2019). Emperor: A New Life of Charles V. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300196528. p. 553.
8. ^ Kosior, Katarzyna (2019), Kosior, Katarzyna (ed.), "Royal Weddings: Protocol, Identity, and Emotion", Becoming a Queen in Early Modern Europe: East and West, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 23–59, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11848-8_2.pdf?pdf=inline%20link, ISBN 978-3-030-11848-8, retrieved 18 December 2024
9. Broomhall, Susan; James, Carolyn (11 April 2024). Elite Women and the Italian Wars, 1494–1559. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-009-41596-5.
10. Stevenson, David (1997). Scotland's Last Royal Wedding: The Marriage of James VI and Anne of Denmark. ISBN 978-0-85976-451-3.
11. ^ Kleinman, Ruth (1985). Anne of Austria: Queen of France. Ohio State University Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-8142-0389-7.
12. ^ Gosman, Martin; Macdonald, Alasdair James; MacDonald, A. Alasdair A.; Vanderjagt, Arie Johan (1 January 2005). Princes and Princely Culture: 1450-1650. BRILL. p. 284. ISBN 978-90-04-13690-8.
13. Wolf, John B. (John Baptiste) (1968). Louis XIV. New York: Norton. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-393-07414-7.
14. Toynbee, Margaret (1955). "The Wedding Journey of King Charles I". Archaeologia Cantiana. 69. pp. 75-89. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
15. Oresko, Robert (2004). "Maria Giovanna Battista of Savoy-Nemours (1644–1724): daughter, consort, and Regent of Savoy". In Campbell Orr, Clarissa (ed.). Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521814225. pp. 16–55.
16. R. deputazione sovra gli studi di storia patria per le antiche provincie e la Lombardia. MIscellanea di storia italiana. 3a serie. Robarts - University of Toronto. Torino : Fratelli Bocca.
17. Weir, Alison (18 April 2011). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4464-4911-0.
18. Bernier, Olivier (1984). Louis the Beloved : the life of Louis XV. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-385-18402-1.
19. Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara (18 January 2022). Maria Theresa: The Habsburg Empress in Her Time. Princeton University Press. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-691-21985-1.
20. Bearne, Catherine Mary (1907). A Sister of Marie Antoinette: The Life-story of Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples. T. Fisher Unwin. p. 66.
21. Fraser, Antonia (2001). Marie Antoinette: the journey. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. pp. 51–53. ISBN 978-0-385-48948-5.
22. de Saint-Amand, Imbert (2010). The Happy Days of the Empress Marie Louise. Miami: HardPress Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4076-4955-9. p. 40.
23. Griffin, Sir Lepel Henry (1890). The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Lahore and Rawalpindi Divisions of the Panjab. Civil and Military Gazette Press.
24. Costa, Horácio Rodrigues da (1972). "Os Testemunhos do Grito do Ipiranga". Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (in Portuguese). 295. Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (December 2024)

• Marriage
• European royal families
• Monarchs in Europe