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The following is a list of Tajik dynasties. It includes states, principalities, empires and dynasties which were founded by rulers or dynasties of Tajik origin or Proto-Tajik origin. Ethnicities closely associated with Tajiks will be included.
Pre Islamic Era
- Kangju (100 BCE - 500 AD), was the Chinese name for a Sodgian state in Transoxiana, considered the second most powerful state in the region. Their territory covered the region of the Ferghana Valley and the area between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, with the core territory along the middle Syr Darya, with their capital being a city called Beitian.
- Principality of Chaghaniyan (600 AD - 700 AD), was a local dynasty which governed the Chaghaniyan region, also known as al-Saghaniyan in Arabic sources.
- Mirdom of Wakhan (651 AD - 1883 AD), a Wakhi Tajik principality based in the historical region of Badakhshan, its capital at Qal'ah-yi Panjah. Founded since the time of the Sassanid Empire, they were subjugated by many larger states in their history until their eventual subjugation by the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire in the late 19th century.
Early Islamic Era
- Principality of Ushrusana (600 AD - 893 AD), a Sodgian local dynasty ruling the Ushrusana region, in the northern area of modern Tajikistan. Prior to the Islamic conquests, they were Zoroastrian. They converted to Islam after being subjugated by the Samanid Empire, in which saw the end of the dynasty.
- Principality of Khuttal (676 AD - 751 AD), a local dynasty which ruled the Khuttal, corresponds roughly to the modern Khatlon Province of Tajikistan. They were an autonomous principality under the Umayyads but were later subjugated by the Abbasids.
- Bukhar Khudas (681 AD - 890 AD), a local Sodgian Zoroastrian Dynasty which ruled over Bukhara before being incorporated by the Samanids.
- Principality of Farghana (712 AD - 819 AD), a Sodgian Dynasty which ruled over the Farghana region. They were an autonomous principality under the Ummayads, Türgesh and Tang dynasty until the Samanids put an end to their rule over the region in 819 AD.
Medieval Islamic Era
- Ghurid Dynasty (784 AD - 1215 AD), a Tajik dynasty which ruled the region of Ghor, becoming an Empire from 1175 to 1215. They gradually converted to Sunni Islam after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The Ghurids eventually overran the Ghaznavids when Muhammad of Ghor seized Lahore and expelled the Ghaznavids from their last stronghold. Eventually they took large parts of India. Despite their short lived empire, their reign certified Islamic rule for India for centuries to come.
- Kart Dynasty (1244 AD - 1381 AD), a Tajik dynasty closely related to the Ghurids, ruled a large parts of Khorasan. They were vassals of the Ghurids, Mongols and Timurids at one point of their history. The ruled from their capital at Herat and central Khorasan in the Bamyan.
Modern Era
- Yarid Dynasty (1657 AD - 1873 AD), a Sunni Tajik dynasty which ruled over the Badakhshan Region, they were subjugated by the Emirate of Afghanistan.
- Darvaz Principality (1638 AD - 1873 AD), a Tajik principality which ruled over the Darwaz Region. It was ruled by a Mir and its capital was at Qal'ai Khumb. They were subjugated by the Bukharian Emirate.
- Saqqawist Emirate of Afghanistan (1929 AD), a short-lived Tajik ruled Emirate established by Habibullāh Kalakāni. The emirate emerged during the Afghan Civil War of 1928–1929, a conflict between Saqqawist forces led by Kalakani and opposing tribes and monarchs within Afghanistan. It was overthrown by Nadir Shah Khan and only lasted 9 months.
- Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929 AD - 1991 AD), one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union created for the Tajiks, it preceded theTajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Uzbek SSR. The Republic was governed by mostly Ethnic Tajiks apart of the Tajik Communist Party. It gained independence after the Soviet Union collapsed and was succeeded by the Republic of Tajikistan.
- Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992 AD - 2001 AD), a government led by the Tajik Jamiet-e-Islami with Burhānuddīn Rabbānī as its President and Ahmad Shah Massoud as it's Military Leader. It was replaced by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan after the American Invasion of Afghanistan.
- Republic of Tajikistan (1991 AD - Present), a Tajik secular state ruled by Emomali Rahmon, successor of the Tajik SSR.
References
- Saussy, Haun (2024-12-17). The Making of Barbarians: Chinese Literature and Multilingual Asia. Princeton University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-691-23198-3.
- Foltz, Richard (2023-06-15). A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-7556-4967-9.
- Siddiqi, Iqtidar Husain (2010). Indo-Persian Historiography Up to the Thirteenth Century. Primus Books. p. 154. ISBN 978-81-908918-0-6.
- König, Daniel G.; Iriye, Akira; Osterhammel, Jürgen (2025-03-04). Entangled Worlds: 600–1350. Harvard University Press. p. 766. ISBN 978-0-674-04718-1.
- Flood, Finbarr Barry (2022-07-12). Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter. Princeton University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-4008-3324-5.
- Thomas, David C. "Ghurid" (PDF).
- Becker, Seymour (2004-08-02). Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865-1924. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-134-33583-1.